CN106818930A - 一种防治水稻病虫害的植物源双杀液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治水稻病虫害的植物源双杀液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳50‑100份、辣椒汁50‑200份、野芋头20‑80份。本发明粘性强,不会因为雨水的洗刷或是自重作用从植株上掉落,作用时间长;而且对多种害虫起乱皮、咬死、胀死、庸死,羽虫急死等作用,而且对病、虫两害防治效果好,并能够有效防治禾苗的霉变,对环境无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液及其制备方法。
背景技术
水稻病虫害的防治是水稻种植过程中一项非常重要的工作,其直接决定着水稻的成活率及产量。其中常见的水稻病害有纹枯病、稻曲病、穗颈瘟等,而常见的水稻虫害有稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟等。
水稻纹枯病又称云纹病、烂脚瘟、眉目斑,是由立枯丝核菌感染得病,多在高温、高湿条件下发生,该病使水稻不能抽穗,或抽穗的秕谷较多,粒重下降。现有技术中一般采用井冈霉素、甲基硫菌灵等防治。
水稻稻曲病又称黑穗病、谷花病及青粉病,该病只发生于穗部,为害部分谷粒,受害谷粒内形成菌丝块渐膨大,内外颖裂开,露出淡黄色块状物,即孢子座,后包于内外颖两侧,呈黑绿色,初外包一层薄膜,后破裂,散生墨绿色粉末,风吹雨打易脱落。现有技术中一般采用稻瘟康稀释后喷施,或使用奥力克稻瘟康+大蒜油+有机硅兑水喷施。
水稻穗颈瘟是水稻上常发性、气流性主要病害,染病后,随着病菌的繁殖与危害,穗颈节坏死,输送到穗子的养分通道被阻断。病菌以分生孢子贺菌丝体在稻草和稻谷上越冬,翌年产生分生孢子借风雨传播到稻株上。现有技术中一般采用75%三环唑粉剂+多菌灵粉剂进行防治。
稻飞虱以刺吸植株汁液为害水稻等作物,前期采用10%醚菊酯悬浮剂进行预防,爆发时采用醚菊酯、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱等进行防治。二化螟是我国水稻危害最为严重的常发性害虫之一,在分蘖期受害造成枯鞘、枯心苗,在穗期受害造成虫伤株和白穗,现有技术中一般采用阿维菌素、毒死蜱、***磷、氟虫腈等药剂进行防治。稻纵卷叶螟,以幼虫为害水稻,缀叶成纵苞,躲藏其中取食上表皮及叶肉,仅留白色下表皮,一般采用强农EC、叶不倦、快枪击EC、天诺高甲等药剂进行防治。
目前,水稻病虫害基本上是采用化学农药进行防治的,而这种防治方式不仅让病虫害产生耐药性,防治效果会降低,而且农药容易残留,直接或间接威胁到人类的生命健康。为解决化学农药所带来的问题,植物源的农药应运而生,品种多样,但效果不一,而且用药过多。如CN201210479668X公开了一种防治水稻的植物农药,它是由增效剂、蒲公英、马齿苋、苍耳子、石榴皮、艾叶、鱼腥草、穿心莲、苦楝子叶、麻柳叶、花椒、水这些成分组成。CN2016106098981公开了一种水稻的中草药杀虫剂及其制备方法,其中中草药杀虫剂的成分包括天竺子、老鸭蒜、杨梅皮、虎杖、植物藤蔓、柴胡、橙子叶、桃树枝、山楂、枫树、松树、印楝、野棉花、槟榔、菊花、猪胆液、魔芋和茶籽饼。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种效果好、药效作用时间长的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案:一种防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳50-100份、辣椒汁50-200份、野芋头20-80份。
上述油茶壳为油茶壳浸提液,包括油茶壳乙醇浸提液、油茶壳水浸提液中的任意一种。
上述防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其原料还包括:尿酸钾50-100份。
上述防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其原料还包括:地衣多糖15-30份。
本发明的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,将茶壳粉碎,采用常规方法浸提,得油茶壳浸提液,备用;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁先与油茶壳浸提液,均匀搅拌30-120min后,加入野芋头浆及其它原料,充分搅拌后,制得成品。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:1、本发明的植物源双杀液粘性强,不会因为雨水的洗刷或是自重作用从植株上掉落,作用时间长;2、对多种害虫起乱皮、咬死、胀死、庸死,羽虫急死等作用,而且对病、虫两害防治效果好;3、本发明的双杀液为禾苗在生长期间补充一定的钾,使禾苗叶面光滑且叶片坚硬,能够有效防治禾苗的霉变;4、对环境无污染。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的阐述。
实施例一
防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳粉50份、辣椒汁100份、野芋头80份。此配方下的植物源双杀液为浆状,在使用时可以兑水。
制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,将茶壳粉碎,备用;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁、油茶壳粉及野芋头浆,充分搅拌均匀,制得浆状成品。
实施例二
防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳乙醇浸提液50份、辣椒汁100份、野芋头80份。
制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,将茶壳粉碎,放入容器中,并加入浓度为40-70%的乙醇水溶液在50℃下超声波浸提90min,过滤得油茶壳浸提液,备用;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁先与油茶壳浸提液,均匀搅拌100min后,加入野芋头浆,充分搅拌后,制得成品。
实施例三
防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳水浸提液80份、辣椒汁150份、野芋头50份、尿酸钾50份。
制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,放入容器中,并加入水煮沸20-60min,过滤得油茶壳浸提液,备用,水的加入量为漫过茶壳后2-5cm;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁先与油茶壳浸提液,均匀搅拌60min后,加入野芋头浆、尿酸钾,充分搅拌后,制得成品。
实施例四
防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳乙醇浸提液100份、辣椒汁200份、野芋头30份、尿酸钾50份、地衣多糖20份。
制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,将茶壳粉碎,放入容器中,并加入浓度为40-70%的乙醇水溶液在70℃下超声波浸提30min,过滤得油茶壳浸提液,备用;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁先与油茶壳浸提液,均匀搅拌60min后,加入野芋头浆、尿酸钾、地衣多糖,充分搅拌后,制得成品。
以下通过具体试验,来说明本发明的使用效果及使用方法。
一、材料与方法
1、供示药剂及来源
植物源双杀液:本申请中实施例四中制备的成品。
2、试验田基本情况
经测定,试验田成土母质系青隔白散泥,面积7404.2㎡,pH5.4,土壤有机质含量37.4g/kg,全氮1.9g/kg,有效磷28.3mg/kg,速效钾56.4mg/kg。土壤肥力中等,前作为早稻。供试晚稻品种为丰源优2297,该品种于同年6月19日播种,亩播种40kg。大田底肥:同年7月18日亩施洋丰复合肥35公斤,同年7月26日亩追肥尿素10kg,同年8月20日亩追肥尿素4公斤,水稻长势好,其它田间管理与大面积生产基本一致。
3、试验分组
将试验田随机分成三个组,第一组为本申请的植物源双杀液处理组,第二组为农民自主用药组,第三组为空白对照组。其中植物源双杀液处理组的用药区域面积为4.4亩,农民自主用药区域面积为3.3亩,空白对照组为0.5亩。不同处理间作埂相隔,实行单灌单排,不同处理组的每个单独的试验区周围留有保护行。
4、施药时期、次数和方法
本申请的植物源双杀液处理组:同年的7月份,水稻秧苗2-3叶期,亩用植物源双杀液600ml兑水30公斤,以喷雾的方式喷施;同年8月份初,水稻圆杆期,亩用植物源双杀液600ml兑水40公斤喷施;同年8月下旬,水稻孕穗期,亩用植物源双杀液600ml兑水40公斤喷施。
农民自主用药组:同年的7月初,亩用阿维菌素100ml+25%吡蚜酮30g兑水30公斤防秧田虫害;同年的7月中旬则亩用15%阿维毒死婢100ml+20%金栗子WP20g+8%纹枯净60g兑水40公斤喷雾;同年8月底,亩用传打80ml+30%苯甲丙环唑WP20g+25%扑虱灵WP60g兑水45公斤,喷雾喷施;同年9月初,亩用传打100ml+30%苯甲丙环唑WP20g+25%扑虱灵60g兑水45公斤喷雾喷施;9月中旬,亩用传打100ml+30%苯甲丙环唑WP20g+25%扑虱灵60g+8%纹枯净WP60g兑水50kg喷雾喷施;同年9月底,亩用50%敌敌畏乳油450ml+8%纹枯净WP60g拌土15公斤撒施。
空白对照组:不做任何处理。
5、药效调查
A 稻飞虱
采用平行跳跃式取样法,调查10点,每点查5兜,将白瓷盘伸入水稻行间,拍打稻杆,迅速统计白瓷盘上的稻飞虱数,计算虫口减退率和校正防效,大田每次施药前及药后7天、14天调查田间稻飞虱种群数量,计算药效。
B 二化螟
采用五点取样法,每点查相邻的20兜,统计枯心水稻数及残存活虫数。计算相对防效。
C 稻纵卷叶螟
采用平行跳跃式取样法,调查10点,每点10兜,统计束叶数,计算卷叶率及相对防效。大田第一、第二次药后7天、14天各查一次。
D 纹枯病
采用五点取样法,每点调查相邻的10兜,记录病兜数、病株数和病级数。施药前调查纹枯病基数,蜡熟期(10月16日)定案调查。统计病情指数,计算校正防效。
E稻曲病
采用平行跳跃式采样法,调查10点,每点查10兜,调查分级,计算病指数及相对防效。
F穗颈瘟
采用平行跳跃式采样法,调查10点,每点查20兜,调查分级,计算病指及相对防效。
6、气象情况
本申请的植物源双杀液7月12日第一次秧田用药,施药当天为晴天,药后7天平均气温是31.6℃,日平均最高温度为39.5℃,日平均最低气温27.1℃,日平均相对湿度60.4%。第二次用药当天为阴天,药后7天平均气温22.9℃,日平均最高温度为26.5℃,日平均最低气温是19.6℃,日平均相对湿度为70.2%。第三次用药当天为晴天,药后7天日平均气温为29.1℃,日平均最高气温33.6℃,日平均最低低温24.9℃,日平均相对湿度68.8%。
7、结果与分析
(一)对虫害的防治效果
1、稻飞虱
本申请植物源双杀液组和农民自主用药组在第一次施药后7天的防治效果分别为88.9%、71.0%,施药后14天的防治效果分别为85.0%、66.8%;第二次用药后防治效果分别为88.4%、59.6%,施药后14天防治效果分别为81.9%、58.3%;第三次用药后7天防治效果分别为90.6%、78.4%(具体参见附表一)。
附表一:稻飞虱防治效果对比
2、二化螟
植物源双杀液组、农民自主用药组在第二次施药后7天的防枯心效果分别为91.0%、72.1%,防残虫效果分别为88.2%、76.4%;在施药后14天的防枯心效果分别为92.8%、78.4%,防残虫效果分别为84.2%、736.%(具体参见附表二),备注:在第一次用药时,二化螟还无发生。
附表二:二化螟防治效果对比
3、稻纵卷叶螟
植物源双杀液组、农民自主用药组在第一次药后7天防治效果分别为72.5%、71.2%,药后14天防治效果分别为80%、79.1%;在第二次用药后7天防治效果分别为91.3%、86.5%,药后14天防治效果分别为88.6%、83.8%(具体参见附表三)
附表三:稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果对比
(二)对病害防治效果
1、纹枯病
水稻蜡熟期定案调查,植物源双杀液组、农民自主用药组防治效果分别为84.2%、72.9%(具体参见附表四)。
附表四:纹枯病的防治效果对比
2、稻曲病
水稻蜡熟期调查,植物源双杀液组、农民自主用药组防治效果分别为67.7%、60.1%(具体参见附表五)。
附表五:稻曲病防治效果对比
3、穗颈瘟
水稻蜡熟期调查,植物源双杀液组、农民自主用药组防治效果分别为81.9%、54.7%(具体参见附表六)。
附表六:穗颈瘟防治效果对比
从上述结果可以看出,本申请的植物源双杀液(杀病菌、杀病虫),防治效果优,水稻经济效益增长明显且无污染、无毒害,值得大力推广。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其特征在于,主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成:油茶壳50-100份、辣椒汁50-200份、野芋头20-80份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其特征在于,上述油茶壳为油茶壳浸提液,包括油茶壳乙醇浸提液、油茶壳水浸提液中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其特征在于,原料还包括:尿酸钾50-100份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液,其特征在于,原料还包括:地衣多糖15-30份。
5.根据权利要求2或3或4所述的防治水稻病害的植物源双杀液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:采摘新鲜的辣椒,洗净、榨汁,备用;从油茶果中分离出茶壳,将茶壳粉碎,采用常规方法浸提,得油茶壳浸提液,备用;将新鲜野芋头洗净、去皮、磨浆,得野芋头浆,备用;
(2)后处理:将辣椒汁先与油茶壳浸提液,均匀搅拌30-120min后,加入野芋头浆及其它原料,充分搅拌后,制得成品。
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