CN106817675B - Channel access method and device applied to inter-vehicle communication system - Google Patents
Channel access method and device applied to inter-vehicle communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a channel access method applied to a communication system between vehicles, wherein the communication system between vehicles is used for realizing wireless communication between at least two vehicles, and the method comprises the following steps: the target vehicle acquires the running speed information of the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles; setting a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information; performing channel access based on the set contention window; the embodiment of the invention also discloses a channel access device applied to the communication system between vehicles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle networking technology, in particular to a channel access method and a channel access device applied to a communication system between vehicles.
Background
In a Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), a vehicle adopts a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) technology and sends current state information of the vehicle to surrounding vehicles in a broadcast mode, wherein the state information comprises information such as position, speed, acceleration, driving path, driving direction and the like of the vehicle, and the vehicle receives the state information sent by other vehicles at the same time, so that a driver can be familiar with the driving state of the surrounding vehicles and sudden emergency situations, and road traffic safety accidents are prevented; it is therefore of great importance to ensure reliable and efficient transmission of vehicle status information.
In the prior art, a Media Access Control (MAC) layer of a DSRC communication mode performs Channel Access by using an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism to reduce transmission collisions of data as much as possible, the EDCA mechanism sets different priorities for different services to improve the probability of accessing a high-priority service to a Channel, and the EDCA mechanism allocates a shorter Arbitration inter-frame Space (AIFS) and a smaller contention window to the high-priority service to increase the probability of accessing the Channel.
Although the EDCA mechanism sets different priorities for different services to ensure the service quality of the different services, it does not consider the mobility of the vehicle, so that the quality of channel access cannot be well ensured; for example, when a vehicle moves at a high speed, the probability of sending self-state information needs to be increased to prompt surrounding vehicles, and obviously, the EDCA mechanism does not consider the mobility of the vehicle, and thus cannot meet the corresponding requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention are intended to provide a channel access method and apparatus applied to an inter-vehicle communication system, which can improve the probability that a vehicle with a large driving speed value sends status information.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a channel access method applied to a communication system between vehicles, wherein the communication system between vehicles is used for realizing wireless communication between at least two vehicles, and the method comprises the following steps:
the target vehicle acquires the running speed information of the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles;
setting a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information;
and performing channel access based on the set contention window.
In the foregoing aspect, the setting a contention window of a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information includes: obtaining an influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle based on the acquired running speed information; and setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the enhanced distributed channel access EDCA mechanism.
In the foregoing aspect, the travel speed information includes: a scalar value corresponding to the travel speed of the vehicle and a travel direction corresponding to the vehicle;
deriving the impact factor of the target vehicle state information based on the obtained travel speed information includes deriving the impact factor of the target vehicle state information based on the obtained travel speed information according to the following formula α:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the surrounding vehicles corresponding to the acquired traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicles, and v is a value obtained by averaging the scalar values of the traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, when k is 1 to NkA scalar value representing the acquired traveling speed of the kth surrounding vehicle; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing a travel speed of the target vehicle;
the setting of the contention window of the data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system includes: setting a contention window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0A preset threshold value representing an impact factor.
In the scheme, the target vehicle is used for communicating with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a time division multiple access TDMA communication mechanism when a set first condition is met, and communicating with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a dedicated short-range communication DSRC communication mode when the set first condition is not met; the first condition set is: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme;
the target vehicle is also used for acquiring the time point of next information transmission of the surrounding vehicles when the TDMA communication mechanism is adopted for communication with the surrounding vehicles.
In the foregoing solution, the performing channel access based on the set contention window specifically includes: adopting a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism to access a channel based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
In the foregoing solution, when performing channel access based on the set contention window, the method further includes: the method comprises the steps that a target vehicle sends own state information, wherein the state information sent by the target vehicle comprises an ID (identity) of the target vehicle and running speed information of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles using the TDMA communication mechanism, the state information transmitted by the target vehicle further includes a time point of the target vehicle at which the state information is transmitted next time.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a channel access apparatus applied to an inter-vehicle communication system, where the inter-vehicle communication system is configured to implement wireless communication between at least two vehicles, and the apparatus is disposed on a target vehicle, and the apparatus includes: the device comprises an acquisition module, a setting module and a channel access module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the running speed information of the target vehicle and the surrounding vehicles;
the setting module is used for setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired running speed information;
and the channel access module is used for performing channel access based on the set contention window.
In the above scheme, the setting module is specifically configured to obtain an influence factor of the target vehicle state information based on the acquired running speed information; and setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the enhanced distributed channel access EDCA mechanism.
In the foregoing aspect, the travel speed information includes: a scalar value corresponding to the travel speed of the vehicle and a travel direction corresponding to the vehicle;
the setting module comprises a first calculating unit and a second calculating unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first calculation unit is configured to derive an influence factor α of the target vehicle state information based on the acquired travel speed information according to the following formula:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the surrounding vehicles corresponding to the acquired traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicles, and v is a value obtained by averaging the scalar values of the traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, when k is 1 to NkA scalar value representing the acquired traveling speed of the kth surrounding vehicle; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing a travel speed of the target vehicle;
the second calculation unit is used for setting a competition window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0A preset threshold value representing an impact factor.
In the scheme, the target vehicle is used for communicating with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a time division multiple access TDMA communication mechanism when a set first condition is met, and communicating with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a dedicated short-range communication DSRC communication mode when the set first condition is not met; the first condition set is: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme;
the target vehicle is also used for acquiring the time point of next information transmission of the surrounding vehicles when the TDMA communication mechanism is adopted for communication with the surrounding vehicles.
In the above scheme, the channel access module is specifically configured to access a channel by using a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance CSMA/CA mechanism based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
In the foregoing solution, the channel access module is specifically configured to send status information of a target vehicle when performing channel access based on a set contention window, where the status information sent by the channel access module includes an ID of the target vehicle and travel speed information of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a TDMA communication mechanism, the state information sent by the channel access module also comprises the time point of the next sending of the state information of the target vehicle.
In the channel access method and device applied to the inter-vehicle communication system provided by the embodiment of the invention, a target vehicle acquires the running speed information of the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles; setting a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information; performing channel access based on the set contention window; therefore, when the scalar value of the running speed of the target vehicle is increased, the competition window of the target vehicle for accessing the channel is likely to be reduced, and the probability that the target vehicle sends the state information of the target vehicle at the current moment can be improved.
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Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of adding state information of surrounding vehicles to a TDMA-based neighbor list in a second embodiment of a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of adding state information of surrounding vehicles to a CSMA/CA-based neighbor list in a second embodiment of a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a channel access device applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a configuration module of a channel access device applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
First embodiment
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system, where the inter-vehicle communication system is used to implement wireless communication between at least two vehicles and also used to implement wireless communication between a vehicle and a Road Side Unit (RSU).
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system, as shown in fig. 1, the flowchart includes:
step 100: the target vehicle acquires traveling speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles.
Here, the target vehicle is any one of vehicles that can communicate with the remaining vehicles using the inter-vehicle communication system.
Here, the running speed information of the vehicle includes: a scalar value of vehicle travel speed; the scalar value of the traveling speed of the vehicle does not include the traveling direction information of the vehicle, and is, for example, 82 km/h.
In this step, the process of acquiring the scalar value of the running speed of the target vehicle has various existing implementation manners, for example, the numerical value of the vehicle speed can be acquired through a vehicle speed sensor, and details are not described here.
Here, the speed information at which the vehicle travels may further include a traveling direction of the vehicle; obviously, the traveling direction of the vehicle is the direction of the traveling speed of the vehicle.
In this step, the process of acquiring the driving direction of the vehicle by the vehicle has various existing implementation manners, for example, the displacement direction of the vehicle can be determined by the satellite positioning data of the vehicle, so that the driving direction of the vehicle can be determined.
In this step, the surrounding vehicle is a vehicle that can communicate with the target vehicle using the inter-vehicle communication system; the target vehicle acquiring the traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicle includes: the peripheral vehicle acquires and transmits its own travel speed information, and the target vehicle receives the travel speed information of the peripheral vehicle from the peripheral vehicle by wireless communication.
Further, the target vehicle may also acquire the ID of the surrounding vehicle in the same manner as the traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicle, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
As for the communication method between vehicles, specifically, the target vehicle may communicate with the surrounding vehicles using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication mechanism when a set first condition is satisfied, and communicate with the surrounding vehicles using a DSRC communication method when the set first condition is not satisfied;
here, the set first condition may be: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme; the base Station of the communication system using the TDMA communication mechanism may be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a NodeB, or an evolved Node B (eNB).
For the implementation mode that the target vehicle adopts a TDMA communication mechanism to communicate with surrounding vehicles, specifically, the target vehicle adopts a cellular network communication unit to communicate with other vehicles or a drive test unit RSU, and the communication mechanism is the TDMA communication mechanism; an area covered by a base station of a communication system adopting a TDMA communication mechanism is called a coordination area, and vehicles entering the coordination area communicate with other vehicles or RSUs by adopting a cellular network communication unit; when the target vehicle detects that the target vehicle enters the area covered by the corresponding base station, the ID of the target vehicle is uploaded to the corresponding base station through a communication system adopting a TDMA communication mechanism, after the base station receives the ID of the target vehicle, a time slot is randomly allocated to the target vehicle, and the target vehicle can only send information in the allocated time slot.
Here, the ID of the target vehicle is a feature that the target vehicle is distinguished from other vehicles, and can be used to identify the target vehicle; for example, the ID of the target vehicle may be an engine number or a license plate number.
Here, the information that the target vehicle can transmit only in its allocated time slot may be the state information of the target vehicle, which includes, but is not limited to, the traveling speed information of the target vehicle, the time point at which the target vehicle transmits the state information next time, the ID of the target vehicle, and the like.
For the implementation manner that the vehicle detection itself has entered the area covered by the corresponding base station, specifically, the cellular network communication unit on the vehicle detects whether it is located in the area covered by the corresponding base station, the detection process has a variety of existing implementation manners, and details are not described here.
Further, when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles by using the TDMA communication mechanism, the target vehicle is further configured to acquire a time point of next transmission of the state information of the surrounding vehicles, and the process of the target vehicle acquiring the time point of next transmission of the state information of the surrounding vehicles includes: the surrounding vehicles acquire the time point of the next transmission of the state information of the surrounding vehicles, and adopt a TDMA communication mechanism to transmit the time point of the next transmission of the state information of the surrounding vehicles outwards, and the target vehicle receives the time point of the next transmission of the state information of the surrounding vehicles from the surrounding vehicles based on the TDMA communication mechanism.
In an implementation in which a target vehicle communicates with surrounding vehicles using DSRC communication, specifically, the target vehicle uses an On Board Unit (OBU) to perform wireless communication based On DSRC technology with another vehicle or RSU.
Step 101: based on the acquired traveling speed information, a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system is set.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining an influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle based on the acquired running speed information; and obtaining a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the target vehicle state information and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the EDCA mechanism.
Here, the minimum contention window set for the target vehicle by the EDCA mechanism may be acquired in advance, and the minimum contention window set for the target vehicle by the EDCA mechanism is: assuming a minimum contention window set when a target vehicle adopts an EDCA mechanism to perform channel access; it is understood that there are many existing implementations of the process of obtaining the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, and the details are not described herein.
Specifically, the deriving the influence factor of the target vehicle state information based on the acquired travel speed information includes deriving the influence factor of the target vehicle state information α based on the acquired travel speed information according to the following formula:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the surrounding vehicles corresponding to the acquired traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicles, and v is a value obtained by averaging the scalar values of the traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, when k is 1 to NkA scalar value representing the acquired traveling speed of the kth surrounding vehicle; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing the travel speed of the target vehicle.
Here, the number N of the peripheral vehicles corresponding to the acquired peripheral vehicle running speed information may be obtained from the ID information of the vehicle of the acquired peripheral vehicle running speed information.
Specifically, the deriving a contention window of a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system includes: the competition window CW 'of the data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system is obtained according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0Indicating a predetermined threshold value for the influencing factor α0The setting can be carried out according to specific application scenes.
It can be seen that, when the scalar value of the traveling speed of the target vehicle becomes larger, the influence factor α of the target vehicle state information becomes larger correspondingly based on the expressions (1) and (2), and further, the target vehicle state information becomes α ≧ α0A contention window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system'minWill become smaller.
Step 102: and performing channel access based on the set contention window.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: accessing a channel by adopting a Carrier Sense multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; here, the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
When the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, the time length from the current moment to the time point of entering a competition window is a set time interval; that is, when the target vehicle access channel is currently in an idle state, the target vehicle needs to wait for a set time interval before entering the contention window. For example, the waiting time may be an Arbitration frame interval (AIFS) set on the assumption that the target vehicle performs channel access using the EDCA mechanism.
In addition, when the target vehicle access channel does not satisfy the set second condition, returning to step 101, that is, returning to the step of setting the contention window of the data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system; illustratively, when the target vehicle access channel is currently in a busy state, the target vehicle access channel does not meet the set second condition; here, when the idle period overlaps with a time point of next transmission of the state information of at least one surrounding vehicle employing the TDMA communication mechanism, the target vehicle access channel does not satisfy the set second condition.
Further, when the channel access is carried out, the target vehicle sends the state information of the target vehicle, wherein the state information of the target vehicle comprises the ID of the target vehicle, the scalar value of the running speed of the target vehicle and the running direction of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles using the TDMA communication mechanism, the state information of the target vehicle further includes a time point of the target vehicle at which the state information is next transmitted.
By applying the first embodiment of the channel access method applied to the inter-vehicle communication system, when the scalar value of the running speed of the target vehicle is increased, the competition window of the target vehicle for accessing the channel is likely to be reduced, so that the probability of sending the self state information of the target vehicle at the current moment can be improved; in addition, only when the target vehicle access channel meets the set second condition, the target vehicle can send the state information of the target vehicle, the collision probability of the state information is reduced, and the reliability of the inter-vehicle communication system is improved.
Second embodiment
To further illustrate the object of the present invention, the first embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the following application scenarios are considered: all vehicles at the intersection are provided with an OBU and a cellular network communication unit, wherein the OBU communicates with other vehicles or RSUs by DSRC technology, and the cellular network communication unit realizes wireless communication connection with other vehicles or RSUs by a TDMA mechanism.
Specifically, in order to realize the related functions of the cellular network communication unit, an eNB is established in a cross road area, and an area covered by the eNB is called a coordination area; the method comprises the following steps that a vehicle entering a coordination area communicates with other vehicles or RSUs by adopting a cellular network communication unit, namely when the vehicle detects that the vehicle enters an area covered by an eNB, the vehicle reports registration information of the vehicle to a base station through a mobile communication network such as an LTE network, wherein the registration information comprises an ID (identity) of the vehicle, the base station randomly allocates a time slot for the vehicle after receiving the registration information of the vehicle, and the vehicle can only transmit own state information in the allocated time slot, wherein the state information transmitted by the vehicle entering the coordination area comprises: the vehicle's travel speed information, the time point when the vehicle next transmits the status information, the vehicle's ID, and the vehicle's location information.
Here, the vehicle that does not enter the coordination area may communicate with another vehicle or RSU using the OBU, and at this time, the corresponding vehicle may access the channel using the CSMA/CA mechanism to transmit its own state information; the state information transmitted by the vehicle which does not enter the coordination area includes: information on the traveling speed of the vehicle, the ID of the vehicle, and information on the position of the vehicle; the state information transmitted by the vehicle that does not enter the coordination area does not include a point in time when the vehicle transmits the state information next time.
It can be seen that the status information sent by the vehicles entering the coordination area and the vehicles not entering the coordination area are not consistent.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the channel access method applied to the inter-vehicle communication system, as shown in fig. 2, the flowchart includes:
step 201: the target vehicle receives the state information transmitted by the surrounding vehicles.
It is understood that the own status information may be transmitted by different communication means depending on the location of the surrounding vehicle, for example, the surrounding vehicle may transmit the own status information by using DSRC technology or TDMA communication mechanism.
Step 202: the target vehicle determines the communication mode adopted by the surrounding vehicles according to the received state information; if the surrounding vehicles adopt a TDMA communication mechanism, establishing a neighbor list based on the TDMA, and adding the state information of the corresponding surrounding vehicles into the neighbor list based on the TDMA; otherwise, the DSRC technology is considered to be adopted for communication, at the moment, a CSMA/CA-based neighbor list is established, and the state information of the corresponding surrounding vehicles is added into the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list.
For the implementation of determining the communication mode adopted by the surrounding vehicles, illustratively, if the received state information contains the time point when the vehicle transmits the state information next time, the surrounding vehicles are explained to adopt a TDMA communication mechanism; otherwise, if the received state information does not contain the time point of the next state information transmission of the vehicle, the surrounding vehicles are explained to adopt the DSRC technology for communication.
Table 1 exemplarily illustrates the established TDMA-based neighbor list, in which "ID" is used to represent ID of the vehicle, "position" is used to represent position information of the vehicle, "speed" is used to represent a scalar value of a traveling speed of the vehicle, and "FET" represents status information transmitted next time by the vehicleA point in time; specifically, Li、Vi、ETiI may take 3, 6, 9, 12, etc., respectively representing the position of the vehicle with ID i, a scalar value of the travel speed, a point in time when the status information is next transmitted.
TABLE 1
Table 2 exemplarily illustrates the established CSMA/CA-based neighbor list, in table 2, "ID" is used to represent ID of the vehicle, "location" is used to represent location information of the vehicle, and "speed" is used to represent a scalar value of a traveling speed of the vehicle; specifically, |j、vjScalar values representing the position, travel speed, etc. of the vehicle with ID j, which may take the values 2, 8, 11, 13, etc.
TABLE 2
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of adding the state information of surrounding vehicles to a TDMA-based neighbor list in a second embodiment of the channel access method applied to the inter-vehicle communication system of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the flowchart includes:
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of adding the state information of surrounding vehicles to a CSMA/CA-based neighbor list in a second embodiment of the channel access method applied to the inter-vehicle communication system of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the flowchart includes:
step 202 a: whether the corresponding peripheral vehicle ID exists in the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list or not is judged, and if yes, the state information of the corresponding peripheral vehicle is updated in the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list; otherwise, if not, go to step 202 b.
Step 202 b: the state information of the corresponding surrounding vehicles is added to the CSMA/CA based neighbour list.
Step 202 c: when the ID of the corresponding surrounding vehicle is located in the TDMA-based neighbor list, the state information of the corresponding surrounding vehicle in the TDMA-based neighbor list is deleted.
In this step, after the TDMA-based neighbor list or the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list is established, a timer for cycle timing is set, the time length of each timing of the timer is consistent, and when the time of each timing of the timer reaches, if the state information of at least one surrounding vehicle in the TDMA-based neighbor list or the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list is not updated, the state information of the corresponding surrounding vehicle in the TDMA-based neighbor list or the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list is considered to be invalid state information, and at this time, the invalid state information in the TDMA-based neighbor list or the CSMA/CA-based neighbor list is deleted.
Step 203: and the target vehicle obtains the time point of next state information transmission of all surrounding vehicles adopting the TDMA communication mechanism according to the TDMA-based neighbor list.
Step 204: judging whether the target vehicle access channel is in a busy state, if so, jumping to step 205; if not, judging whether the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, if so, performing channel access based on a preset initial value of a contention window, and transmitting self state information by using the target vehicle access channel when the channel is accessed; if not, go to step 205.
Step 205: the target vehicle obtains the speed information of the surrounding vehicles in the same driving direction according to the neighbor list based on the TDMA and the neighbor list based on the CSMA/CA, and calculates the target speedv0。
Here, the target speed is an average value of scalar values of the acquired running speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same running direction as the target vehicle.
In step 206, the influence factor α of the target vehicle state information is calculated.
The specific implementation of this step has already been explained in step 101, and is not described here again.
Step 207: calculating to obtain a competition window CW 'of the access channel of the target vehicle'minJudging whether the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, and if so, obtaining a competition window CW 'based on current calculation'minPerforming channel access; if the set second condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 205.
Third embodiment
A third embodiment of the present invention, directed to a channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, provides a channel access apparatus applied to an inter-vehicle communication system, where the inter-vehicle communication system is used to implement wireless communication between at least two vehicles.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a channel access device applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the device is disposed on a target vehicle, and the device includes: an acquisition module 500, a setting module 501 and a channel access module 502; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the acquiring module 500 is used for acquiring the running speed information of the target vehicle and the surrounding vehicles;
the setting module 501 is configured to set a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information;
the channel access module 502 is configured to perform channel access based on the set contention window.
Specifically, the setting module 501 is configured to derive an influence factor of the target vehicle state information based on the acquired running speed information; and setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the target vehicle state information and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the EDCA mechanism.
The target vehicle is used for communicating with surrounding vehicles by adopting a TDMA communication mechanism when a set first condition is met, and communicating with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a DSRC communication mode when the set first condition is not met; the first condition set is: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme;
the target vehicle is also used for acquiring the time point of next information transmission of the surrounding vehicles when the TDMA communication mechanism is adopted for communication with the surrounding vehicles.
The channel access module 502 is specifically configured to access a channel by using a CSMA/CA mechanism based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
The channel access module 502 is specifically configured to send status information of the target vehicle when performing channel access based on the set contention window, where the status information sent by the channel access module includes an ID of the target vehicle and traveling speed information of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a TDMA communication mechanism, the state information sent by the channel access module also comprises the time point of the next sending of the state information of the target vehicle.
The travel speed information includes: a scalar value corresponding to the travel speed of the vehicle and a travel direction corresponding to the vehicle; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a setting module in a channel access device applied to an inter-vehicle communication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the setting module 501 includes a first calculating unit 600 and a second calculating unit 601; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first calculation unit 600 is configured to derive the influence factor α of the target vehicle state information according to the following formula based on the acquired travel speed information:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the surrounding vehicles corresponding to the acquired traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicles, and v is a value obtained by averaging the scalar values of the traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, when k is 1 to NkA scalar value representing the acquired traveling speed of the kth surrounding vehicle; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing a travel speed of the target vehicle;
the second calculating unit 601 is used for setting a contention window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0A preset threshold value representing an impact factor.
In practical applications, the obtaining module 500, the setting module 501, and the channel accessing module 502 may be implemented by a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor Unit (MPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like located in the target vehicle.
By applying the channel access device applied to the inter-vehicle communication system in the third embodiment of the invention, when the scalar value of the running speed of the target vehicle is increased, the competition window of the target vehicle for accessing the channel is likely to be decreased, so that the probability of sending the self state information of the target vehicle at the current moment can be improved; in addition, only when the target vehicle access channel meets the set second condition, the target vehicle can send the state information of the target vehicle, the collision probability of the state information is reduced, and the reliability of the inter-vehicle communication system is improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A channel access method applied to an inter-vehicle communication system for enabling wireless communication between at least two vehicles, the method comprising:
the target vehicle acquires the running speed information of the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles;
setting a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information;
performing channel access based on the set contention window;
the setting of a contention window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired traveling speed information includes:
obtaining an influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle based on the acquired running speed information; and setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the enhanced distributed channel access EDCA mechanism.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the travel speed information comprises: a scalar value corresponding to the travel speed of the vehicle and a travel direction corresponding to the vehicle;
deriving the impact factor of the target vehicle state information based on the obtained travel speed information includes deriving the impact factor of the target vehicle state information based on the obtained travel speed information according to the following formula α:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the surrounding vehicles corresponding to the acquired traveling speed information of the surrounding vehicles, and v is a value obtained by averaging the scalar values of the traveling speeds of all the surrounding vehicles in the same traveling direction as the target vehicle, when k is 1 to NkA scalar value representing the acquired traveling speed of the kth surrounding vehicle; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing a travel speed of the target vehicle;
the setting of the contention window of the data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system includes: setting a contention window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0A preset threshold value representing an impact factor.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the target vehicle is configured to communicate with the surrounding vehicles using a time division multiple access, TDMA, communication scheme when the set first condition is met and dedicated short range communication, DSRC, communication when the set first condition is not met; the first condition set is: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme;
the target vehicle is also used for acquiring the time point of next information transmission of the surrounding vehicles when the TDMA communication mechanism is adopted for communication with the surrounding vehicles.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the performing channel access based on the set contention window specifically comprises: adopting a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism to access a channel based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein when performing channel access based on the set contention window, the method further comprises: the method comprises the steps that a target vehicle sends own state information, wherein the state information sent by the target vehicle comprises an ID (identity) of the target vehicle and running speed information of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles using the TDMA communication mechanism, the state information transmitted by the target vehicle further includes a time point of the target vehicle at which the state information is transmitted next time.
6. A channel access apparatus applied to an inter-vehicle communication system for implementing wireless communication between at least two vehicles, the apparatus being provided on a target vehicle, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises an acquisition module, a setting module and a channel access module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the running speed information of the target vehicle and the surrounding vehicles;
the setting module is used for setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system based on the acquired running speed information;
the channel access module is used for performing channel access based on the set contention window;
the setting module is specifically used for obtaining an influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle based on the acquired running speed information; and setting a competition window of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the influence factor of the state information of the target vehicle and the minimum competition window set for the target vehicle by the enhanced distributed channel access EDCA mechanism.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the travel speed information comprises: a scalar value corresponding to the travel speed of the vehicle and a travel direction corresponding to the vehicle;
the setting module comprises a first calculating unit and a second calculating unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first calculation unit is configured to derive an influence factor α of the target vehicle state information based on the acquired travel speed information according to the following formula:
wherein v is0An average value of scalar values representing the acquired running speeds of all the peripheral vehicles in the same running direction as the target vehicle, N represents the number of the peripheral vehicles corresponding to the acquired running speed information of the peripheral vehicles, and vk represents the scalar value of the acquired running speed of the kth peripheral vehicle when k is from 1 to N; v. ofN+1A scalar value representing a travel speed of the target vehicle;
the second calculation unit is used for setting a competition window CW 'of a data transmission channel used by the target vehicle in the inter-vehicle communication system according to the following formula'min：
Wherein CWminIndicating the minimum contention window set by the EDCA mechanism for the target vehicle, α0Showing the cause of influenceA preset threshold of the child.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the target vehicle is configured to communicate with the surrounding vehicles using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication scheme when the set first condition is met and to communicate with the surrounding vehicles using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) communication when the set first condition is not met; the first condition set is: the target vehicle is within the coverage of a base station of a communication system employing a TDMA communication scheme;
the target vehicle is also used for acquiring the time point of next information transmission of the surrounding vehicles when the TDMA communication mechanism is adopted for communication with the surrounding vehicles.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, the channel access module is specifically configured to access a channel using a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism based on the set contention window;
or when the target vehicle access channel meets a set second condition, performing channel access on the target vehicle access channel; the target vehicle access channel is a data transmission channel used by a target vehicle in an inter-vehicle communication system; the set second condition is: the target vehicle access channel is in an idle state at present, and the idle time period is not overlapped with the time point of next state information sending of each surrounding vehicle adopting a TDMA communication mechanism; the idle time period is as follows: a period from entering the contention window to the contention window becoming 0.
10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the channel access module is specifically configured to send status information of the target vehicle when performing channel access based on the set contention window, and the status information sent by the channel access module includes an ID of the target vehicle and travel speed information of the target vehicle; when the target vehicle communicates with the surrounding vehicles by adopting a TDMA communication mechanism, the state information sent by the channel access module also comprises the time point of the next sending of the state information of the target vehicle.
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