CN106816948B - Complementary charge-discharge maintenance device for 12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power - Google Patents

Complementary charge-discharge maintenance device for 12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106816948B
CN106816948B CN201610981714.4A CN201610981714A CN106816948B CN 106816948 B CN106816948 B CN 106816948B CN 201610981714 A CN201610981714 A CN 201610981714A CN 106816948 B CN106816948 B CN 106816948B
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voltage
storage battery
trigger
charge
output
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CN106816948A (en
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李�根
廖东进
何胜军
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Quzhou College of Technology
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Quzhou College of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A12V storage battery photovoltaic mains supply complementary charge-discharge maintenance device comprises a photovoltaic mains supply complementary combination logic control module and a storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module, wherein the values of R1, R2, R3 and R4 and first and second reference voltages are set, when the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches an overcharge-off voltage, a first voltage hysteresis comparator is used for disconnecting the charge of the storage battery through a third relay, the overcharge-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches a charge-off recovery voltage, the charge of the storage battery is recovered when the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the charge-off recovery voltage, and when the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the overdischarge-off voltage, a second voltage hysteresis comparator is used for disconnecting the discharge of a load through a fourth relay, and the overdischarge-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the discharge-off recovery voltage. The invention can automatically detect the state of the storage battery, and perform automatic charge and discharge and turn-off control and turn-off recovery control.

Description

Complementary charge-discharge maintenance device for 12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic commercial power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of a storage battery with nominal voltage of 12V.
Background
In daily life, because the storage battery has the advantages of portability and reusability, a 12V storage battery is used for supplying power to a plurality of common electronic devices or instruments, the electronic devices are mainly portable, and along with the development of renewable new energy sources, the storage battery is charged by utilizing a photovoltaic and commercial power complementary mode. In addition, the correct charge and discharge mode not only saves cost, but also can effectively prolong the service life of the storage battery, the ideal terminal voltage range of the storage battery with the nominal voltage of 12V is 12V-13.5V, the service life of the storage battery can be influenced no matter the storage battery is in an overdischarge state or an overcharge state, and the terminal voltage of the storage battery with the nominal voltage of 12V is prevented from being smaller than 12V or higher than 14.5V for a long time in the use process of the storage battery.
The long-term overdischarge state or overcharged state of the storage battery can not be effectively excited by internal conductive ions, the service life of the storage battery can be greatly influenced due to improper use, the residual electric quantity of the storage battery is often unclear when a user uses the storage battery, and the storage battery is not timely and effectively charged and discharged, so that conditions such as insufficient power or unstable use in the middle of equipment work can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device which aims at the defects in the prior art, can detect the state of a storage battery with nominal voltage of 12V, and performs automatic charge-discharge and turn-off control so as to ensure that the voltage of the storage battery is stabilized in a relatively normal range for a long time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A12V storage battery photovoltaic mains supply complementary charge-discharge maintenance device comprises a power supply module, a photovoltaic mains supply complementary combination logic control module and a storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module, wherein the nominal voltage of the storage battery is 12V;
the photovoltaic commercial power complementary combination logic control module comprises a non-self-locking key, the non-self-locking key realizes binary addition counting of key times through a double-D trigger counting module, the output end of the non-self-locking key triggers a data latch circuit to output through a delay circuit, the output ends of two D triggers of the double-D trigger counting module are both connected with the data input end of the data latch circuit, one data output end of the data latch circuit is connected with a first relay through an optocoupler isolation circuit, a contact of the first relay can enable an output port OUT1 to be charged by a photovoltaic interface P1, the other data output end of the data latch circuit is connected with a second relay through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the contact of the second relay can enable the output port OUT1 to be charged by a commercial power interface P2, the output end levels of the two D triggers of the double-D trigger counting module can enable the output port OUT1 to be singly connected with the photovoltaic interface, one of the commercial power interface is simultaneously connected with the photovoltaic interface and the commercial power interface is charged, and the output port is not charged by the photovoltaic interface and the commercial power interface under a shutdown mode;
a first diode for preventing reverse current charging is connected between the photovoltaic interface P1 and the output port, a second diode for preventing reverse current charging is connected between the mains supply interface P2 and the output port, when the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains supply interface P2 charge the output port at the same time, the first diode can prevent the reverse current of the mains supply interface when the mains supply charge is dominant, and the second diode can prevent the reverse current of the photovoltaic interface when the photovoltaic charge is dominant, so that the photovoltaic power supply or the mains supply is prevented from being damaged;
the storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module comprises a first voltage hysteresis comparator and a second voltage hysteresis comparator which are reverse-phase voltage hysteresis comparators, wherein the homodromous input end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with a first reference voltage V through a first resistor R1 R1 A first feedback resistor R2 is connected between the same-direction input end and the output end, the reverse input end of the first feedback resistor is connected with the positive end of the storage battery, and the same-direction input end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with a second reference voltage V through a third resistor R3 R2 A second feedback resistor R4 is connected between the same-direction input end and the output end, and the reverse input end of the second feedback resistor R4 is connected with the positive end of the storage battery; the output end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the third relay through an NPN triode, the charging indicator lamp is connected in parallel with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the third relay, the normally closed contact of the third relay is connected with the over-charging turn-off indicator lamp and then connected in parallel with the two ends of the output port OUT1, and the normally open contact of the third relay is connected with the charging loop of the output port OUT1 to the storage battery; the output end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay through an NPN triode, the over-discharge turn-off indicator lamp is connected with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay in parallel, the normally closed contact of the fourth relay is connected with the discharging loop of the storage battery to the load, and the discharging indicator lamp is connected with the normally closed contact of the fourth relay and then connected with the two ends of the storage battery in parallel;
upper threshold voltage of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V is R1 For the first reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 =overcharge off voltage, underThreshold voltage V p2 The ratio of the first resistor R1 to the first feedback resistor R2 can be calculated to obtain the required first reference voltage V R1 Is a numerical value of (2);
similarly, the upper threshold voltage of the second voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltage->Wherein V is R2 For the second reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 Discharge turn-off recovery voltage, lower threshold voltage V p2 The ratio of the third resistor R3 to the second feedback resistor R4 can be calculated to obtain the required second reference voltage V R2 Is a numerical value of (2);
when the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the over-charge turn-off voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to output a low level, the charging of the storage battery is disconnected through the NPN triode and the third relay, the over-charge turn-off indicator lamp is turned on at the moment, the over-charge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery is reduced to the charge turn-off recovery voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to a high level when the charge turn-off recovery voltage is reached, and the charging of the storage battery is turned on, so that the charge indicator lamp is turned on at the moment; when the terminal voltage of the storage battery drops to the over-discharge turn-off voltage, the second voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to output a high level, the over-discharge turn-off indicator lamp is turned on at the moment when the second voltage hysteresis comparator turns off the discharge of the storage battery to the load through the NPN triode and the fourth relay, the over-discharge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the discharge turn-off recovery voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to a low level when the discharge turn-off recovery voltage is reached, and the discharge indicator lamp is turned on at the moment.
Further, the first reference voltage V R1 Is composed of the first adjustable DC power supply and the second reference voltage V R2 Is composed of a second adjustable direct current power supply; accumulator chargerThe discharging comparison control module is connected between the output port OUT1 and the storage battery through a diode D0 for preventing current from being reversely charged, and the storage battery is prevented from discharging to the output port OUT1.
Further, the double-D trigger counting module comprises a first D trigger and a second D trigger which are connected in cascade, the clock end of the first D trigger is connected with the output end of the key anti-shake circuit, the D end of the first D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the first D trigger, the D end of the second D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the second D trigger, and the reverse output end of the first trigger is connected with the D end of the second D trigger, so that a binary addition counting module of an asynchronous clock is formed, wherein the second trigger is high-order output, and the first trigger is low-order output;
the reverse output end of the first D trigger and the reverse output end of the second D trigger of the double-D trigger counting module are connected with the data latch circuit, a data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit is connected with the first relay through the optocoupler isolation circuit and the PNP triode Q1, when the data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the PNP triode Q1 is conducted through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the first relay is electrified, and a normally open contact of the first relay is closed, so that the output port OUT1 is connected with the photovoltaic interface P1 for charging;
the other data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit is connected with a second relay through an optocoupler isolation circuit and a PNP triode Q2, when the data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the PNP triode Q2 is conducted through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the second relay is electrified, a normally open contact of the second relay is closed, and an output port OUT1 is connected with a mains interface P2 for charging;
when the data output terminal in0_out and the data output terminal in1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output low level, it can be seen that the data latch circuit U7 can drive the first relay and the second relay to power up simultaneously, so that the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains interface P2 supply power to the output port OUT1 simultaneously;
when the data output terminal in0_out and the data output terminal in1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output a high level, this is IN the shutdown mode, and neither the photovoltaic interface nor the utility interface supplies power to the output port OUT1.
Further, the positive output ends of the first D trigger and the second D trigger of the double D triggers are connected with a decoder, the first D trigger is connected with the low-order input end of the decoder, the second D trigger is connected with the high-order input end of the decoder, the decoder converts the input binary code into decimal and displays the decimal through a nixie tube, and therefore the number of times of the keys of the non-self-locking keys can be displayed.
Preferably, the non-self-locking key is a double-pole double-throw switch S1, one knife of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected with the input end of the key anti-shake circuit, the other knife of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected with the trigger end of the delay circuit, the two knives of the double-pole double-throw switch are linked, and the non-start-stop end of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is grounded;
the key anti-shake circuit is an RS trigger anti-shake circuit, the RS trigger anti-shake circuit is formed by connecting two NAND gates, and after the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is pressed and loosened, the output end of the RS trigger anti-shake circuit triggers the double-D trigger counting module to start working through rising edge level, and the first D trigger and the second D trigger of the double-D trigger counting module are both triggered by rising edge level;
the delay circuit adopts a 555 delay trigger circuit which starts delay for low level triggering until the charging capacitor C13 is charged to a certain voltage by the high level after the non-self-locking key is released, and the output end of the 555 delay trigger circuit can not output the low level so as to trigger the data latch circuit to output data, and the delay time of the 555 delay trigger circuit can be realized by adjusting the charging capacitor C13 and the adjustable resistor R7.
Further, the 12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device further comprises a storage battery voltage acquisition and display module, the storage battery voltage acquisition and display module is an A/D conversion chip ICL7107, the storage battery voltage acquisition module is connected with two ends of a storage battery through a voltage acquisition circuit, sampling points of the voltage sampling circuit are connected with high-order input ends of the ICL7107, output ends of the ICL7107 directly drive four LED nixie tubes, and the display range is enabled to be +/-19.99 through setting decimal point positions, so that terminal voltage display of the storage battery with the nominal voltage of 12V can be achieved, and the ICL7107 and the LED nixie tubes form a digital voltmeter.
Preferably, the over-charge turn-off voltage of the storage battery is 14.1-14.5V, the charge turn-off recovery voltage is 13.1-13.5V, the over-discharge turn-off voltage is 10.8-12V, and the discharge turn-off recovery voltage is 11.5-12V.
Preferably, the NPN transistor is a NPN-type composite transistor, which is formed by cascading an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor, and the NPN-type composite transistor is turned on when the input terminal is at a high level, and turned off when the input terminal is at a low level.
Preferably, the over-charge turn-off voltage of the storage battery is 14.5V, the charge turn-off recovery voltage is 13.5V, the over-discharge turn-off voltage is 11V, and the discharge turn-off recovery voltage is 12V.
Preferably, the delay circuit adopts a chip NE555, the data latch circuit adopts a chip 74HC573, the double-D trigger adopts a chip 74LS74, and the decoder adopts a chip 74LS47.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The state of the storage battery with the nominal voltage of 12V can be automatically detected, so that automatic charge and discharge and over-charge and over-discharge and charge and discharge recovery control and discharge and off recovery control are carried out, the voltage of the storage battery is stabilized in a normal range for a long time, and the working efficiency and the service life of the storage battery can be improved; the user does not need to manually control the charge and discharge of the storage battery to turn off and recover according to the terminal voltage of the storage battery, so that the degree of automation is high;
(2) The output end level of the two D triggers of the double-D trigger counting module enables the output port OUT1 to be independently connected with one of the photovoltaic interface and the mains supply interface for charging and simultaneously connected with the photovoltaic interface and the mains supply interface for charging, and the photovoltaic interface and the mains supply interface are not used for charging the output port OUT1 in a shutdown mode; meets the development direction of renewable new energy sources and has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a complementary combinational logic control module of a photovoltaic utility power according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a second circuit diagram of the complementary combinational logic control module of the photovoltaic utility power of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a third circuit diagram of the complementary combinational logic control module of the photovoltaic utility power of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a complementary combinational logic control module of the photovoltaic utility power of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery charge-discharge comparison control module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a homodromous voltage hysteresis comparator.
Fig. 7 is a transmission characteristic diagram of the same-directional voltage hysteresis comparator.
Fig. 8 is a transmission characteristic diagram of a first voltage hysteresis comparator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a transmission characteristic diagram of a second voltage hysteresis comparator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a battery voltage acquisition and display module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram of a dual 15V power supply of a power module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of a dual 5V power supply of a power module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-12: A12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device comprises a power supply module, a photovoltaic commercial power complementary combination logic control module and a storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module, wherein the nominal voltage of the storage battery is 12V.
The photovoltaic mains supply complementary combination logic control module comprises a non-self-locking key, in the embodiment, the photovoltaic mains supply complementary combination logic control module is a double-pole double-throw switch S1 with two blades linked, one blade of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected with a double-D trigger counting module through an RS key anti-shake circuit, the other blade of the double-pole double-throw switch is connected with a delay circuit U6, namely a 4-end key_in of the double-pole double-throw switch in the figure is connected with a trigger end TRIG of the delay circuit U6, when the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is pressed down, the key_in is in a low level, and the delay circuit U6 is triggered;
the output end of the delay circuit U6 is connected with the enable end OE of the data latch circuit U7, the reverse output ends IN0 and IN1 of the D flip-flops of the double-D trigger counting module are connected with the data input end of the data latch circuit U7, and after the delay circuit U6 delays for a certain time, the data output ends IN0_out and IN1_out of the data latch circuit U7 are triggered to correspondingly output the data of the data input ends IN0 and IN 1; the data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit U7 is connected with the first relay K1 through an optocoupler isolation circuit U9 and a PNP triode Q1, when the data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the optocoupler isolation circuit U9 is conducted, the PNP triode Q1 is conducted, the first relay K1 is electrified, a normally open contact of the first relay K1 is closed, an output port OUT1 is connected with a photovoltaic interface P1, IN the figure, the positive end of the photovoltaic interface P1 is connected with K+ of the output port OUT1 through D5, and the negative end of the photovoltaic interface P1 is connected with K-of the output port OUT1 through the closed normally open contact;
the other data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit U7 is connected with a second relay K2 through an optocoupler isolation circuit U12 and a PNP triode Q2, when the data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the optocoupler isolation circuit U12 is conducted, the PNP triode Q2 is conducted, the second relay K2 is electrified, a normally open contact of the second relay K2 is closed, an output port OUT1 is connected with a mains interface P2, and the output port OUT1 is used for being connected with a storage battery for charging;
when the two data output ends In0_out and In1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output low levels, the first relay K1 and the second relay K2 are simultaneously driven to be electrified, so that the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains interface P2 both supply power for the output port OUT1, namely the storage battery is charged at the same time; when the data output end In0_out and the data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output high level, the data latch circuit U7 is IN a shutdown mode, and the photovoltaic interface and the mains interface are not used for supplying power to the output port OUT 1;
the delay circuit U6 is used for triggering the output of the data latch circuit after waiting for finishing the input of the non-self-locking key and finally outputting by the double-D trigger counting module;
a first diode D5 for preventing reverse charging of current is connected between the photovoltaic interface P1 and the output port OUT1, a second diode D7 for preventing reverse charging of current is connected between the mains supply interface P2 and the output port OUT1, when the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains supply interface P2 charge the output port OUT1 at the same time, the first diode D5 can prevent the reverse charging of current to the photovoltaic interface when the mains supply charge is dominant, and the second diode D7 can prevent the reverse charging of current to the mains supply interface when the photovoltaic charge is dominant, so that the damage of a photovoltaic power supply or a mains supply is prevented;
the double-D trigger counting module comprises a first D trigger U11A and a second D trigger U11B which are connected in cascade, wherein the clock end of the first D trigger is connected with the output end of the RS key anti-shake circuit, the D end of the first D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the first D trigger, the D end of the second D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the second D trigger, and the reverse output end of the first trigger is connected with the D end of the second D trigger, so that a binary addition counting module of an asynchronous clock is formed, the second trigger is high-order output, and the first trigger is low-order output;
the RS trigger anti-shake circuit is formed by connecting two NAND gates U10A and U10B. When the non-self-locking key is pressed down, the 1 end of the non-self-locking key is low level, and the U10A always outputs the low level as long as the non-self-locking key is not contacted with the 3 end of the non-self-locking key no matter whether the non-self-locking key is loosened from the 1 end, so that the anti-shake function of the key is realized. After the non-self-locking key is pressed and loosened to be in contact with the 3 end of the non-self-locking key, U10A outputs rising edge level, the clock end CLK of the double-D trigger counting module is rising edge trigger, U11B is high-order output in FIG. 6, U11A is low-order output, and U11B, U A sequentially realizes addition counting of 00, 01, 10 and 11;
the specific process is that the logic function of the D trigger is as follows: q (Q) n+1 =d, 74LS74 is the rising edge trigger. Therefore, IN the figure, in0=d0, in1=d1, and it is assumed that IN the initial state, the outputs of the first and second D flip-flops are both 0, i.e., a=0, b=0; the inverted outputs of the first and second D flip-flops are 1, i.e., in0=1, in1=1, so that the D-terminal states of the first and second D flip-flops are d0=1, d1=1; when the output end of the RS trigger anti-shake circuit is the clock of the first D triggerWhen terminal CLK first changes from 0 to 1, U11A state changes to a=1, in0=0, d0=0; in0=0 makes the clock end CLK of U11B be a falling edge pulse, so the state of U11B is unchanged, i.e. b=0, in1=1, d1=1, at this time, the output of the double D trigger counting module (from high to low) is 01, i.e. b=0, a=1;
when the clock terminal CLK of the first D flip-flop changes from 0 to 1 for the second time, the U11A state changes to a=0, in0=1, d0=1; in0=1, so that the clock end CLK of U11B is a rising edge pulse, so that the state of U11B changes to b=1, in1=0, d1=0, and at this time, the output of the double D trigger counting module (from high to low) is 10, i.e., b=1, a=0;
when the clock terminal CLK of the first D flip-flop changes from 0 to 1 for the third time, the state of U11A changes to a=1, in0=0, d0=0; in0=0, so that the clock end CLK of U11B is a falling edge pulse, so that the state of U11B is unchanged, i.e. b=1, in1=0, d1=0, and at this time, the output of the double D trigger counting module (from high to low) is 11, i.e. b=1, a=1;
when the clock terminal CLK of the first D flip-flop changes from 0 to 1 for the fourth time, the U11A state changes to a=0, in0=1, d0=1; in0=1 makes the clock end CLK of U11B be a rising edge pulse, so the state of U11B changes to b=0, in1=1, d1=1, and the output of the double D trigger counting module (from high to low) is 00, i.e. b=0, a=0, so that the logic relationship returns to the initial state, thereby achieving the effect of addition counting.
According to the connection circuit of the IN0 and IN1 of the double-D trigger counting module and the first relay and the second relay through the data latch, it is known that IN the initial state that the output of the double-D trigger counting module is 00, the key is pressed once, in0=0, in1=1 makes the output port OUT1 connect with the photovoltaic interface to supply power, the key is pressed twice, in0=1, in1=0 makes the output port OUT1 connect with the mains interface to supply power, the key is pressed three times, in0=0, in1=0 makes the output port OUT1 connect with the photovoltaic interface and the mains interface to supply power at the same time, the key is pressed four times, and returns to the initial state, which is the shutdown mode, and at this time, in0=1, in1=1 makes neither the photovoltaic interface nor the mains interface supply power to the output port OUT1.
Output state of table-photovoltaic commercial power complementary combination logic control module
In this embodiment, the forward output ends of the first D trigger U11A and the second D trigger U11B of the dual D trigger are connected to the decoder U8, the decoder U8 adopts the chip 74LS74, the first D trigger U11A is connected to the low-level input end of the decoder U8, the second D trigger U11B is connected to the high-level input end of the decoder U8, the decoder U8 converts the binary code output by the dual D trigger counting module into decimal, and the decimal is displayed by the nixie tube, so that the number of key presses of the non-self-locking key can be displayed, and the corresponding output state can be prompted.
In this embodiment, the delay circuit is a 555 delay trigger circuit, the output end of the non-self-locking key is connected with the TRIG end of the 555 trigger circuit, the TRIG end is triggered at a low level, timing is started after triggering, and after the charging capacitor C13 is charged to a certain voltage by the high level after the non-self-locking key is released, the output end of the 555 delay trigger circuit outputs a low level to trigger the data latch circuit 74HCT573 to output, so that delay is realized, and the delay time of the 555 delay trigger circuit is jointly realized by the charging capacitor C13 and the adjustable resistor R7.
The storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module comprises a first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A and a second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B which are reverse-phase voltage hysteresis comparators, wherein the homodromous input end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A is connected with a first reference voltage V through a first resistor R1 R1 A first feedback resistor R2 is connected between the same-directional input end and the output end, the reverse input end is connected with the positive end of the storage battery, the output end is connected with a voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, and the same-directional input end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B is connected with a second reference voltage V through a third resistor R3 R2 Positive terminal of the same direction input terminal and output terminalA second feedback resistor R4 is connected between the two, the reverse input end of the second feedback resistor R is connected with the positive end of the storage battery, the output end of the second feedback resistor R is connected with a zener diode ZD2, and the first reference voltage V R1 Is composed of the first adjustable DC power supply and the second reference voltage V R2 Is composed of a second adjustable direct current power supply;
the output end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the third relay through an NPN composite triode (formed by cascading an NPN triode Q3 and a PNP triode Q4), the charging indicator lamp is connected IN parallel with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the third relay, the normally closed contact of the third relay is connected with the LED10 of the over-charging turn-off indicator lamp and then connected IN parallel with the two ends of the charging input port IN1, and the normally open contact of the third relay is connected on a charging loop of the charging input port IN1 to the storage battery; the output end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay through NPN type compound triodes (Q3 and Q4), the over-discharge turn-off indicator light LED10 is connected with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay in parallel, the normally closed contact of the fourth relay is connected on the discharging loop of the storage battery to the load, and the discharging indicator light LED11 is connected with the normally closed contact of the fourth relay and then connected with the two ends of the storage battery in parallel;
because the output signal of the first voltage hysteresis comparator is too small to directly drive the third relay to work, Q3 and Q4 are adopted to form a composite triode to drive the third relay (one end is connected with the positive end of the charging input port IN1, and the other end is connected with the emitter of the Q4) so as to realize the charge control of the storage battery, and the discharge control of the storage battery is similar;
upper threshold voltage of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V is R1 For the first reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 =overcharge-off voltage 14.5V, lower threshold voltage V p2 The ratio of the first resistor R1 to the first feedback resistor R2 can be calculated by the charge-off recovery voltage of 13.5VThe required first reference voltage V R1 Is a numerical value of (2);
in the characteristic curve, the value of the zener diode ZD1 is adjusted to enable the characteristic curve of the first voltage hysteresis comparator to move up and down, and the value of the zener diode ZD1 is a value which enables the characteristic curve to be shifted to output high level 1 and low level 0;
similarly, the upper threshold voltage of the second voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltage->Wherein V is R2 For the second reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 Discharge turn-off recovery voltage 11.5V, lower threshold voltage V p2 =11V, the ratio of the third resistor R3 to the second feedback resistor R4 can be calculated to obtain the required second reference voltage V R2 Is a numerical value of (2);
similarly, the value of the zener diode ZD2 is taken to enable the characteristic curve of the second voltage hysteresis comparator to be shifted to a value when the high level 1 and the low level 0 are output;
the characteristic of the zener diode ZD1 is that when the output end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator outputs a high level, the high level is regulated, when the output end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator outputs a low level, the output low level is not influenced, and the zener diode ZD2 is the same;
thus, it can be realized that when the terminal voltage of the storage battery is lower than the overcharge turn-off voltage by 14.5V, the first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A turns over to output a low level, the low level turns off the NPN type composite triode, specifically, the low level turns off the NPN type triode Q3, the Q3 outputs a high level to turn off the PNP type triode Q4, the electromagnetic coil K3A of the third relay is not electrified, the normally open contact of the bidirectional switch K3B is opened, the charge input port IN1 is opened to charge the storage battery, the normally closed contact of the K3B is closed, the overcharge turn-off indicator LED9 is turned on, and the overcharge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery is reduced to 13.5V; when the terminal voltage of the storage battery is reduced to 13.5V of the charge turn-off recovery voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A turns over to output a high level, the high level enables the NPN type composite triode to be conducted, specifically, the high level enables the NPN type triode Q3 to be conducted, the Q3 outputs a low level to enable the PNP triode Q4 to be conducted, then the electromagnetic coil K3A of the third relay is electrified, then the normally closed contact of the K3B is disconnected, the over-charge turn-off indicator LED9 is not lighted, the normally open contact of the K3B is closed, the charge input port IN1 is enabled to recover the charge of the storage battery, the K3A is electrified, the charge indicator LED8 is lighted, and the charge state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery is raised to 14.5V of the charge turn-off voltage;
thus, it is possible to realize that when the terminal voltage of the battery is higher than the discharge turn-off voltage 11V, the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B outputs a low level that turns off the NPN type composite transistor, specifically, the NPN transistor Q5 is turned off, the Q5 outputs a high level that turns off the PNP transistor Q6, so that the electromagnetic coil K4A of the fourth relay is not energized, the normally closed contact of K4B is closed, the discharge of the battery to the load is turned on, the normally closed contact of K4B is closed, the discharge indication lamp LED11 is also turned on, the electromagnetic coil K4A of the fourth relay is not energized, the over-discharge turn-off indication lamp LED10 is not turned on, and this discharge state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the battery is reduced to the over-discharge turn-off voltage 11V; when the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the over-discharge turn-off voltage 11V, the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B turns over to output a high level, the high level enables the NPN type composite triode to be turned on, specifically, the high level enables the NPN type triode Q5 to be turned on, the Q5 outputs a low level to enable the PNP type triode Q6 to be turned on, then the electromagnetic coil K4A of the fourth relay is electrified, the normally closed contact of the K4B is disconnected, the discharge of the storage battery to the load is disconnected, the K4A is electrified to enable the over-discharge turn-off indicator LED10 to be turned on, the normally closed contact of the K4B is disconnected to enable the discharge indicator LED11 to be not turned on, and the discharge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the discharge turn-off recovery voltage 12V. Wherein BT+ is connected with the positive end of the storage battery.
The first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A and the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B are powered by the three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizer U13, the U13 adopts a chip LM317, the input end of the LM317 is connected with a storage battery, voltage stabilizing output can be realized under the condition that the input voltage changes, the output voltage can be changed by adjusting RP5, and the output end VCC1 of the LM317 is connected with positive power supply ends of the first voltage hysteresis comparator and the second voltage hysteresis comparator.
The charging input port IN1 of the storage battery charging and discharging comparison control module is connected with the output port OUT1 of the photovoltaic mains supply complementary combination logic control module. OUT2 in fig. 5 is the discharge port of the battery to the load.
The storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module is connected between the charge input port IN1 and the storage battery and is used for preventing the storage battery from discharging to the charge input port IN1 by connecting a diode D0 for preventing current from reversely charging. The positive end of the third relay is not connected with the positive end of the storage battery, but is connected with the positive end of the charging input port IN1, so that the power consumption of the storage battery can be reduced, and more electricity is saved.
The working principle of the inverting voltage hysteresis comparator is explained below. Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the reverse voltage hysteresis comparator, and fig. 7 is a transmission characteristic diagram of the reverse voltage hysteresis comparator, wherein the reverse voltage hysteresis comparator outputs a low level only when the input voltage reaches the upper limit of U, and thereafter continues to output a low level as long as the input voltage does not fall to the lower limit of U, and the reverse voltage hysteresis comparator inverts to output a high level only when the input voltage does not fall to the lower limit of U, and thereafter continues to output a high level as long as the input voltage does not rise to the upper limit of U.
Fig. 8 is a transmission characteristic diagram of the first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A in the present embodiment, which constitutes a charging loop, wherein the upper limit of U is 14.5V and the lower limit of U is 13.5V. Fig. 9 is a transmission characteristic diagram of the second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B in the present embodiment, which constitutes a discharge loop, in which the upper limit of U is 12V and the lower limit of U is 11V. The following table two shows the charge and discharge states corresponding to the battery voltage.
Charge and discharge state corresponding to voltage of secondary battery
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the present invention further includes a battery voltage acquisition and display module for acquiring and displaying a terminal voltage of the battery, which uses an a/D conversion chip ICL7107, and is connected to two ends of the battery through a voltage acquisition circuit, where a sampling point test_in of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected to a high-level input terminal of 31 pins of the ICL7107 as shown in fig. 10 on the right side, and an output terminal of the ICL7107 directly drives four LED nixie tubes, and a decimal point is set through R29, so that a display range is ±19.99, and thus terminal voltage display of the battery with a nominal voltage of 12V can be realized. The four LED nixie tubes are common anode LED nixie tubes. The Test1 key is used for detecting the integrity of a circuit signal, and the LED nixie tube outputs a character '1888' after being pressed.
The 36 pin reference voltage of ICL7107 needs to be calibrated at 100 millivolts by regulating RP7, and pins 27, 28, 29 are a 0.22uF,47kΩ,0.47uF rc network, thereby achieving an a/D converted output. ICL7107 and LED nixie tube constitute a digital voltmeter.
The power supply module is shown in fig. 11 and 12, and comprises a double 15V power supply and a double 5V power supply. The double 15V power supply is connected with two three-terminal voltage regulators LM7815 after a commercial power passes through a transformer, a rectifier and a filter capacitor, and outputs +15V and-15V power respectively, when the output is normal, an LED1 and an LED2 are lightened, and a control switch S2 is arranged between the rectifier and the filter capacitor; the + -15V power supply obtained by the double-5V power supply is connected with two three-terminal voltage regulators LM7805 after passing through a filter capacitor, +5V power supply and-5V power supply are respectively output, when the output is normal, the LED3 and the LED4 are lightened, and a control switch S3 is arranged between the + -15V power supply and the filter capacitor.
The over-charge-off voltage, the charge-off recovery voltage, the discharge-off voltage and the discharge-off recovery voltage of the 12V storage battery are not limited to 14.5V, 13.5V, 11V and 12V in the embodiment, and can be adjusted within a certain range. For example, the overcharge off voltage may be 14.1 to 14.5V, the charge off recovery voltage may be 13.1 to 13.5V, the discharge off voltage may be 10.8 to 11.5V, and the discharge off recovery voltage may be 11.5 to 12V.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of implementation forms of the technical concept of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent substitutions and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A12V storage battery photovoltaic commercial power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device is characterized in that: the photovoltaic power supply system comprises a power supply module, a photovoltaic commercial power complementary combination logic control module and a storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module, wherein the nominal voltage of the storage battery is 12V;
the power supply module comprises a double 15V power supply and a double 5V power supply; the double 15V power supply is connected with two three-terminal voltage regulators LM7815 after a commercial power passes through a transformer, a rectifier and a filter capacitor, and outputs +15V and-15V power supplies respectively; the + -15V power supply obtained by the double-15V power supply is connected with two three-terminal voltage regulators LM7805 after passing through a filter capacitor, and +5V power supply and-5V power supply are respectively output;
the photovoltaic commercial power complementary combination logic control module comprises a non-self-locking key, the non-self-locking key realizes binary addition counting of key times through a double-D trigger counting module, the output end of the non-self-locking key triggers a data latch circuit to output through a delay circuit, the output ends of two D triggers of the double-D trigger counting module are both connected with the data input end of the data latch circuit, one data output end of the data latch circuit is connected with a first relay through an optocoupler isolation circuit, a contact of the first relay can enable an output port OUT1 to be charged by a photovoltaic interface P1, the other data output end of the data latch circuit is connected with a second relay through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the contact of the second relay can enable the output port OUT1 to be charged by a commercial power interface P2, the output end levels of the two D triggers of the double-D trigger counting module can enable the output port OUT1 to be singly connected with the photovoltaic interface, one of the commercial power interface is simultaneously connected with the photovoltaic interface and the commercial power interface is charged, and the output port is not charged by the photovoltaic interface and the commercial power interface under a shutdown mode;
a first diode for preventing reverse current charging is connected between the photovoltaic interface P1 and the output port, a second diode for preventing reverse current charging is connected between the mains supply interface P2 and the output port, when the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains supply interface P2 charge the output port at the same time, the first diode can prevent the reverse current of the mains supply interface when the mains supply charge is dominant, and the second diode can prevent the reverse current of the photovoltaic interface when the photovoltaic charge is dominant, so that the photovoltaic power supply or the mains supply is prevented from being damaged;
the storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module comprises a first voltage hysteresis comparator and a second voltage hysteresis comparator which are reverse-phase voltage hysteresis comparators, wherein the homodromous input end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with a first reference voltage V through a first resistor R1 R1 A first feedback resistor R2 is connected between the same-direction input end and the output end, the reverse input end of the first feedback resistor is connected with the positive end of the storage battery, and the same-direction input end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with a second reference voltage V through a third resistor R3 R2 A second feedback resistor R4 is connected between the same-direction input end and the output end, and the reverse input end of the second feedback resistor R4 is connected with the positive end of the storage battery; the output end of the first voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the third relay through an NPN triode, the charging indicator lamp is connected in parallel with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the third relay, the normally closed contact of the third relay is connected with the over-charging turn-off indicator lamp and then connected in parallel with the two ends of the output port OUT1, and the normally open contact of the third relay is connected with the charging loop of the output port OUT1 to the storage battery; the output end of the second voltage hysteresis comparator is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay through an NPN triode, the over-discharge turn-off indicator lamp is connected with the two ends of the electromagnetic coil of the fourth relay in parallel, the normally closed contact of the fourth relay is connected with the discharging loop of the storage battery to the load, and the discharging indicator lamp is connected with the normally closed contact of the fourth relay and then connected with the two ends of the storage battery in parallel;
upper threshold voltage of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V is R1 For the first reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 =overcharge-off voltage, lower threshold voltage V p2 The ratio of the first resistor R1 to the first feedback resistor R2 can be calculated to obtain the required first reference voltage V R1 Is a numerical value of (2);
similarly, the upper threshold voltage of the second voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V is R2 For the second reference voltage, V Z For the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode at the output end, the upper threshold voltage V p1 Discharge turn-off recovery voltage, lower threshold voltage V p2 The ratio of the third resistor R3 to the second feedback resistor R4 can be calculated to obtain the required second reference voltage V R2 Is a numerical value of (2);
when the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the over-charge turn-off voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to output a low level, the charging of the storage battery is disconnected through the NPN triode and the third relay, the over-charge turn-off indicator lamp is turned on at the moment, the over-charge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery is reduced to the charge turn-off recovery voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to a high level when the charge turn-off recovery voltage is reached, and the charging of the storage battery is turned on, so that the charge indicator lamp is turned on at the moment; when the terminal voltage of the storage battery drops to the over-discharge turn-off voltage, the second voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to output a high level, the over-discharge turn-off indicator lamp is turned on at the moment when the second voltage hysteresis comparator turns off the discharge of the storage battery to the load through the NPN triode and the fourth relay, the over-discharge turn-off state is maintained until the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the discharge turn-off recovery voltage, the first voltage hysteresis comparator turns over to a low level when the discharge turn-off recovery voltage is reached, and the discharge indicator lamp is turned on at the moment.
2. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 1, wherein: the first reference voltage V R1 Is composed of the first adjustable DC power supply and the second reference voltage V R2 Is composed of a second adjustable direct current power supply; the storage battery charge-discharge comparison control module is connected between the output port OUT1 and the storage battery through a diode D0 for preventing reverse charge of current, and the storage battery is prevented from discharging to the output port OUT1.
3. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the double-D trigger counting module comprises a first D trigger and a second D trigger which are connected in cascade, wherein the clock end of the first D trigger is connected with the output end of the key anti-shake circuit, the D end of the first D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the first D trigger, the D end of the second D trigger is connected with the reverse output end of the second D trigger, and the reverse output end of the first trigger is connected with the D end of the second D trigger, so that a binary addition counting module of an asynchronous clock is formed, wherein the second trigger is high-order output, and the first trigger is low-order output;
the reverse output end of the first D trigger and the reverse output end of the second D trigger of the double-D trigger counting module are connected with the data latch circuit, a data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit is connected with the first relay through the optocoupler isolation circuit and the PNP triode Q1, when the data output end In0_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the PNP triode Q1 is conducted through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the first relay is electrified, and a normally open contact of the first relay is closed, so that the output port OUT1 is connected with the photovoltaic interface P1 for charging;
the other data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit is connected with a second relay through an optocoupler isolation circuit and a PNP triode Q2, when the data output end In1_out of the data latch circuit outputs a low level, the PNP triode Q2 is conducted through the optocoupler isolation circuit, the second relay is electrified, a normally open contact of the second relay is closed, and an output port OUT1 is connected with a mains interface P2 for charging;
when the data output terminal in0_out and the data output terminal in1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output low level, it can be seen that the data latch circuit U7 can drive the first relay and the second relay to power up simultaneously, so that the photovoltaic interface P1 and the mains interface P2 supply power to the output port OUT1 simultaneously;
when the data output terminal in0_out and the data output terminal in1_out of the data latch circuit U7 both output a high level, this is IN the shutdown mode, and neither the photovoltaic interface nor the utility interface supplies power to the output port OUT1.
4. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 1, wherein: the positive output ends of the first D trigger and the second D trigger of the double D triggers are connected with a decoder, the first D trigger is connected with the low-order input end of the decoder, the second D trigger is connected with the high-order input end of the decoder, the decoder converts an input binary code into decimal and displays the decimal through a nixie tube, and therefore the number of times of keys of the non-self-locking keys can be displayed.
5. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a storage battery voltage acquisition and display module, wherein the storage battery voltage acquisition and display module adopts an A/D conversion chip ICL7107, the storage battery voltage acquisition module is connected with two ends of a storage battery through a voltage acquisition circuit, a sampling point of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with a high-order input end of the ICL7107, an output end of the ICL7107 directly drives four LED nixie tubes, a display range is enabled to be +/-19.99 by setting decimal point positions, terminal voltage display of the storage battery with a nominal voltage of 12V can be realized, and the ICL7107 and the LED nixie tubes form a digital voltmeter.
6. A 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device as defined in claim 3, wherein: the non-self-locking key is a double-pole double-throw switch S1, one knife of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected with the input end of the key anti-shake circuit, the other knife of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected with the trigger end of the delay circuit, the two knives of the double-pole double-throw switch are linked, and the non-opening and closing end of the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is grounded;
the key anti-shake circuit is an RS trigger anti-shake circuit, the RS trigger anti-shake circuit is formed by connecting two NAND gates, and after the double-pole double-throw switch S1 is pressed and loosened, the output end of the RS trigger anti-shake circuit triggers the double-D trigger counting module to start working through rising edge level, and the first D trigger and the second D trigger of the double-D trigger counting module are both triggered by rising edge level;
the delay circuit adopts a 555 delay trigger circuit which starts delay for low level triggering until the charging capacitor C13 is charged to a certain voltage by the high level after the non-self-locking key is released, and the output end of the 555 delay trigger circuit can not output the low level so as to trigger the data latch circuit to output data, and the delay time of the 555 delay trigger circuit can be realized by adjusting the charging capacitor C13 and the adjustable resistor R7.
7. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 2, wherein: the over-charge and off voltage of the storage battery is 14.1-14.5V, the charge and off recovery voltage is 13.1-13.5V, the over-discharge and off voltage is 10.8-12V, and the discharge and off recovery voltage is 11.5-12V.
8. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 1, wherein: the NPN triode is a composite triode of NPN type and is formed by cascading an NPN triode and a PNP triode, when the input end is at a high level, the composite triode of NPN type is conducted, and when the input end is at a low level, the composite triode of NPN type is cut off.
9. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 7, wherein: the over-charge and off-voltage of the storage battery is 14.5V, the charge and off-recovery voltage is 13.5V, the over-discharge and off-voltage is 11V, and the discharge and off-recovery voltage is 12V.
10. The 12V battery photovoltaic utility power complementary charge-discharge maintenance device of claim 6, wherein: the delay circuit adopts a chip NE555, the data latch circuit adopts a chip 74HC573, the double-D trigger adopts a chip 74LS74, and the decoder adopts a chip 74LS47.
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