CN106809817A - A kind of preparation method of porous CNT - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of porous CNT Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106809817A
CN106809817A CN201710032336.XA CN201710032336A CN106809817A CN 106809817 A CN106809817 A CN 106809817A CN 201710032336 A CN201710032336 A CN 201710032336A CN 106809817 A CN106809817 A CN 106809817A
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preparation
cnt
porous
porous cnt
sulfuric acid
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CN106809817B (en
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胡俊青
张剑华
邹儒佳
徐超霆
方竹
崔哲
张文龙
关国强
廖丽军
黄小娟
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Donghua University
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Donghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/10Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
    • C01P2004/13Nanotubes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/16Pore diameter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of porous CNT, including:CNT is added in the mixed liquor of concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid, 7~24h is stirred, suction filtration, cleaning is then dispersed in deionized water, obtains carbon nanotube suspension;By KMnO4It is added in carbon nano tube suspension, lucifuge stirring, freeze-drying obtains powder, and then under inert gas conditions, 400~1000 DEG C of 1.5~5h of ablation, pickling, suction filtration, cleaning, drying obtain porous CNT.The method of the present invention is simple and easy to apply, safety and environmental protection, low cost, is suitable to large-scale production, and the porous CNT for preparing not only improves the specific surface area of carbon pipe, and also improves the conductive capability of CNT.

Description

A kind of preparation method of porous CNT
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of ion battery electrode materials, more particularly to a kind of preparation side of porous CNT Method.
Background technology
The efficient utilization and storage of the energy are always the big difficult scientific problems of energy development advancing.During this period, lithium from Sub- battery gets their way into people's lives as a kind of high capacity, portable equipment, at the same other various ion batteries such as sodium from Son, the research of magnesium ion scheduling theory and the preparation of material are also shown up prominently in scientific research field.With related scientific research test into Ripe, ion battery also occurs in that many problems in the step strided forward to practical application.The electrode material for example in charge and discharge process Active material is because itself or reaction during forming unstable SEI layers of consumption electrode material and electrolyte, charge and discharge cycles During formed accessory substance in electrolyte spread and dissolve and lose a part of active material, dendroid dendrite pierce through barrier film make The advantage of both battery short circuit, the cyclical stability of battery and specific capacity high can not simultaneously exist etc..It is many to solve this Problem, battery electrode material structure is always the focus for improving battery performance research.In commercialized lithium battery, stone Ink makes Many researchers be sustained without reduction the enthusiasm of carbon material as the negative material of battery.In the article delivered, stone The carbon materials such as black alkene, CNT, carbon black, super carbon, foam type carbon all bring the breakthrough in scientific research to ion battery.
In currently available carbon material, CNT has electric conductivity, excellent mechanical performance, chemistry concurrently as a kind of The carbon material of performance, is attempted and utilizes in electrode material in a variety of manners.But in the example being employed, CNT can The treatment such as some surface hydrophilics, doping can be done, the structure of CNT is only changed on atom or molecule rank yardstick, difficult To carry out the modification of follow-up CNT internal structure, therefore the structure of change carbon pipe has important meaning on a larger scale Justice.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of preparation method of porous CNT, the letter of the method process List, originally wide material sources, the porous CNT for preparing is as the emerging inexpensive inorganic battery electrode material of load The conductive frame of (such as phosphorus (P), sulphur (S)), makes up defect of these inorganic electrode materials on electric conductivity, and lifting electrode exists Electric conductivity, storage lithium performance in li-ion electrode materials.
The method of the present invention is simple and easy to apply, safety and environmental protection, low cost, is suitable to large-scale production, the porous carbon for preparing Nanotube not only improves the specific surface area of carbon pipe, and also improves the conductive capability of CNT.
A kind of preparation method of porous CNT of the invention, including:
(1) CNT is added in the mixed liquor of concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid, stirs 2~24h, suction filtration is cleaned, then Dispersion in deionized water, obtains carbon nanotube suspension;
(2) by KMnO4It is added in the carbon nano tube suspension in step (1), lucifuge stirring, freeze-drying obtains powder End;
(3) powder that will be obtained in step (2) under inert gas conditions, 400~1000 DEG C of 1.5~5h of ablation, pickling, Suction filtration or centrifugation, cleaning, drying obtain porous CNT.
The volume ratio of concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1 in the step (1):3.
The mass concentration of the concentrated nitric acid is 65~68%, and the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 95~98%.
The concentrated nitric acid is 40~120ml with the mixed solution cumulative volume of the concentrated sulfuric acid;The concentrated sulfuric acid adds concentrated nitric acid during mixing In.
The concentration of carbon nanotube suspension is 2~6mg/ml in the step (1).
KMnO in the step (2)4It is 0.1~13 with the mass ratio of CNT:1.
The KMnO4Addition be 10~60mg.
The time of lucifuge stirring is 10~24h in the step (2).
Inert gas is N in the step (3)2Or Ar2, protect CNT not oxidized at high temperature.
Coloured product in the step (2) obtained by ablation is brown color.
Pickling is to be cleaned with excessive 0.1~10mol/L hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid in the step (3), and scavenging period is more than Equal to 0.5h;Clean and be:Cleaning to solution is neutrality.
Except above-mentioned, involved washing process makes to be washed with deionized in remaining step.
The hole size of porous CNT is 0.1~80nm in the step (3), and depth is 0.1~20nm.
Products therefrom is black in the step (3).
Product structure is the structure that many defective holes are formd on CNT tube wall in the step (3), and these The hole depth (perpendicular to length direction of pipe) in hole is 0.1~20nm, and aperture (parallel to length direction of pipe) is 0.1~80nm.
Porous CNT is used as the conductive pane for loading emerging inexpensive inorganic battery electrode material in the step (3) Frame is applied to ion battery electrode materials.
Beneficial effect
(1) present invention is using the carbon pipe bought from market and potassium permanganate reagent as the presoma of material, raw material sources side Just;Preparation method is simple, safe preparation process;
(2) carbon nano tube surface prepared with the method for the present invention contains substantial amounts of hole, compared to smooth surface CNT, improves specific surface area, while this some holes has certain depth, can be used to do the load holes of inorganic material, increases Added can attachment activity material attachment point, and the electric conductivity of electrode material is also improved as a conductive frame;Simultaneously Due to the limitation of carbon tube frame, it is also possible to reduce contact area of the inorganic material with electrolyte, active material is reduced in electrolyte In dissolving, be also provided with certain cyclical stability in the case where certain specific capacity is ensured, solve it is inorganic with phosphorus, sulphur etc. Material has huge potentiality as GND when institute produced problem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is porous CNT low power field emission scanning electron microscope picture prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is porous CNT high power Flied emission transmission electron microscope picture prepared by embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than limitation the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after the content for having read instruction of the present invention, people in the art Member can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims and limited Scope.
Embodiment 1
(1) it is 1 to take volume ratio:3 concentrated nitric acid (65~68wt%) and the concentrated sulfuric acid (95~98wt%), is well mixed (40ml);40mg CNTs are added, 10h, suction filtration is stirred, and is washed with deionized water during the liquid pH value obtained to suction filtration is Property;CNT is taken out, is dispersed in 10ml deionized waters, form the carbon nanotube suspension that carbon pipe concentration is 4mg/ml;
(2) to addition 35mg KMnO in above-mentioned suspension4, lucifuge magnetic agitation 12h;Mixed liquor after stirring is placed on Liquid nitrogen snap frozen in plastic test tube, after be put into vacuum freeze drier and dry 18h;
(3) by the fluffy powder obtained by drying, it is transferred in high temperature alumina ceramic boat, is put into tube furnace, N2Gas Under atmosphere, 550 DEG C of ablation 4h are cooled to room temperature taking-up;Sample after ablation is put into the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L and cleans 72h;Suction filtration Clean, the liquid pH to suction filtration outflow is neutrality, and powder is taken out, and is dried, and resulting final black powder is received for porous carbon Mitron.
Embodiment 2
(1) it is 1 to take volume ratio:3 concentrated nitric acid (65~68wt%) and the concentrated sulfuric acid (95~98wt%), is well mixed (50ml);40mg CNTs are added, 10h, suction filtration is stirred, and is washed with deionized water during the liquid pH value obtained to suction filtration is Property;CNT is taken out, is dispersed in 10ml deionized waters, form the carbon nanotube suspension that carbon pipe concentration is 4mg/ml;
(2) to addition 40mg KMnO in above-mentioned suspension4, lucifuge magnetic agitation 12h;By the mixed liquor liquid nitrogen after stirring Snap frozen, is put into vacuum freeze drier and dries 24h;
(3) by the fluffy powder obtained by drying, it is transferred in high temperature alumina ceramic boat, is put into tube furnace, Ar2Gas Under atmosphere, 650 DEG C of ablation 2h are cooled to room temperature taking-up;Sample after ablation is put into the hydrochloric acid of 6mol/L and cleans 24h;Suction filtration And be washed with deionized water only, until the liquid pH of suction filtration outflow is neutrality, powder is taken out, dry, resulting black powder It is porous CNT.
Embodiment 3
(1) it is 1 to take volume ratio:3 concentrated nitric acid (65~68wt%) and the concentrated sulfuric acid (95~98wt%), is well mixed (100ml);40mg CNTs are added, 10h is stirred;Suction filtration, and be washed with deionized water during the liquid pH value obtained to suction filtration is Property;CNT is dispersed in 10ml deionized waters, the carbon nanotube suspension that carbon pipe concentration is 4mg/ml is formed;
(2) to addition 50mg KMnO in above-mentioned suspension4, lucifuge magnetic agitation 12h;By the mixed liquor liquid nitrogen after stirring Snap frozen, is put into vacuum freeze drier and dries 36h;
(3) by the powder obtained by drying, it is transferred in quartz boat, is put into tube furnace, Ar2Under atmosphere, 700 DEG C of ablations 2h, is cooled to room temperature taking-up;Sample after ablation is put into the hydrochloric acid of 2mol/L and cleans 6h;Suction filtration, and taken out with deionized water Diafiltration is net, and the liquid pH to suction filtration outflow is neutrality, and powder is taken out, and is dried, and resulting black powder is porous carbon nanometer Pipe.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of porous CNT, including:
(1) CNT is added in the mixed liquor of concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid, stirs 2~24h, then suction filtration, cleaning disperses In deionized water, carbon nanotube suspension is obtained;
(2) by KMnO4It is added in the carbon nano tube suspension in step (1), lucifuge stirring, freeze-drying obtains powder;
(3) powder that will be obtained in step (2) under inert gas conditions, take out by 400~1000 DEG C of 1.5~5h of ablation, pickling Filter, cleaning, drying obtain porous CNT.
2. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1) The volume ratio of concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:3.
3. a kind of preparation method of porous CNT according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the matter of the concentrated nitric acid Amount concentration is 65~68%, and the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 95~98%.
4. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1) The concentration of carbon nanotube suspension is 2~6mg/ml.
5. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (2) KMnO4It is 0.1~13 with the mass ratio of CNT:1.
6. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (2) The time of lucifuge stirring is 10~24h.
7. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3) Inert gas is N2Or Ar2
8. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3) Pickling is to be cleaned with excessive 0.1~10mol/L hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, and scavenging period is more than or equal to 0.5h;Clean and be:Cleaning It is neutrality to solution.
9. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3) The hole size of porous CNT is 0.1~80nm, and depth is 0.1-20nm.
10. the preparation method of a kind of porous CNT according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3) Porous CNT is applied to ion battery electrode materials as the conductive frame of carrying inorganic battery electrode material.
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CN107663633A (en) * 2017-08-30 2018-02-06 西安理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the silica resistance changing film of doped carbon nanometer pipe
CN109174074A (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-01-11 南昌航空大学 A kind of preparation method and applications with defect state carbon nanotube
CN110817846A (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-21 南京大学 Low-cost large-scale modification technology for improving conductivity and specific surface area of carbon nanotube film

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107663633A (en) * 2017-08-30 2018-02-06 西安理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the silica resistance changing film of doped carbon nanometer pipe
CN107663633B (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-09-27 西安理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the silica resistance changing film of doped carbon nanometer pipe
CN110817846A (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-21 南京大学 Low-cost large-scale modification technology for improving conductivity and specific surface area of carbon nanotube film
CN110817846B (en) * 2018-08-10 2022-08-12 南京大学 Low-cost large-scale modification technology for improving conductivity and specific surface area of carbon nanotube film
CN109174074A (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-01-11 南昌航空大学 A kind of preparation method and applications with defect state carbon nanotube
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