CN106802419A - It is a kind of that oily recognition methods and system are sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature - Google Patents
It is a kind of that oily recognition methods and system are sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN106802419A CN106802419A CN201710051007.XA CN201710051007A CN106802419A CN 106802419 A CN106802419 A CN 106802419A CN 201710051007 A CN201710051007 A CN 201710051007A CN 106802419 A CN106802419 A CN 106802419A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/04—Systems determining presence of a target
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8902—Side-looking sonar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/539—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Oily recognition methods and system are sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature this application discloses a kind of, methods described includes：Distributed areas to detecting target are investigated and analysed, and according to the requirement of distribution and detection accuracy to sinking to the bottom oil, select specific sonar and sample frequency, and the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；According to the collection result of sonar signal, sonar data is read out, extracts sonar data, to carry out signal processing and imaging；To the imaging of sonar signal respectively from the situation that the collection size of sonar data field angle, sea-floor relief rise and fall and to sink to the bottom seabed that oil causes smooth or be analyzed treatment in terms of degree of roughness changes three, oily distributed areas are sunk to the bottom to identify.It is an advantage of the invention that：Can effectively realize correctly being recognized and accurate description to sinking to the bottom oil, with identification is accurate and the characteristics of simple operation, in the later stage cleaning for oil spilling with huge application potential be widely applied prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine environmental protection technical field, it is related to a kind of sink to the bottom oily identification side based on sonar image feature
Method.
Background technology
With continuing to develop for Exploration of Oil And Gas and Exploitation degree, the development of the transport service of oil grows stronger day by day, transport
Mode includes railway transportation, marine transportation, three kinds of pipeline transportation.In addition to railway transportation, marine transportation and pipeline transportation are all
The main cause of marine oil overflow accident is produced, while being also to cause the principal element of marine environmental pollution.As offshore oil " fortune
Laying scope of the oil pipeline of defeated lifeline " in seabed constantly increases, these oil pipelines during use, due to setting
The influence of the hydrodynamisms such as standby aging, seawater corrosion, wave and tide, pipe leakage, perforation and the caused crude oil of rupture are let out
Leakage, huge challenge is brought to the safety problem of marine environment.The laying of submarine transport oil pipeline needs certain buried depth, inspection
Look into and maintenance has difficulties, produce point source continuously to spread from oil pipeline water clock or the crude oil for leaking out, in leakage initial stage and sea
The deposits such as bed mud, sand mix, the later stage with following three state exist, respectively emersion sea, be diffused in water body, formation sink to the bottom
Oil.Wherein, the formation for sinking to the bottom oil includes：Density ratio receives the substantially big crude oil quality of water body can directly sink to seabed, form heavy
Base oil；The partial density few crude oil quality big with water body is received and refinery oil initially in drifting state, after slacking
Density increases, and partly sinks to seabed and is mixed to form with deposit and sinks to the bottom oil.At present, there is " echo reflection spy due to sinking to the bottom oil
Levy relatively weak and protruded without obvious shadow region " the characteristics of, prior art cannot the easy and effective accurate knowledge realized to sinking to the bottom oil
Other and detection, therefore, using upper extremely inconvenient.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided a kind of to sink to the bottom oily identification side based on sonar image feature
Method, its is easy to use, can effectively recognize and clear up and sinks to the bottom oil.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：It is a kind of that oil is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature
Recognition methods, it is characterised in that including：Distributed areas to detecting target are investigated and analysed, according to the distribution to sinking to the bottom oil
The requirement of scope and detection accuracy, selects specific sonar and sample frequency, and the sonar signal to search coverage is adopted
Collection；According to the collection result of sonar signal, sonar data is read out, extracts sonar data, to carry out at sonar signal
Reason and imaging；The shape that the size being imaged respectively from collection sonar data field angle, sea-floor relief to the sonar signal rise and fall
Condition and sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed treatment, with identify sink to the bottom it is oily
Distributed areas.
Another object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, its feature exists
In, including：Collecting unit, for being investigated and analysed to the distributed areas for detecting target, according to the distribution to sinking to the bottom oil
With the requirement of detection accuracy, specific sonar and sample frequency are selected, the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；Place
Reason unit, for the collection result according to sonar signal, is read out to sonar data, sonar data is extracted, to carry out sound
Receive signal transacting and imaging；Recognition unit, for the imaging to the sonar signal respectively from collection sonar data field angle
Situation that size, sea-floor relief rise and fall and sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed
Treatment, the distributed areas of oil are sunk to the bottom to identify.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Realize simply, it is of the invention based on sonar data collection, reading and treatment, it is special according to the sonar response for sinking to the bottom oily
Levy, recognized to sinking to the bottom oil according to sonar image.The characteristics of according to oil is sunk to the bottom, select the sonar of suitable type and suitable
Frequency acquisition detection target is acquired, according to the signal transacting and processing result image of data, with sonar image to grind
Study carefully object, be identified and describe to sinking to the bottom oil according to the sonar response characteristic for sinking to the bottom oil, can realize being carried out just to sinking to the bottom oil
Really identification and accurate description, with identification is accurate and the characteristics of simple operation.In the later stage cleaning for oil spilling, marine environmental monitoring
With the technical field of protection, with huge application potential and being widely applied prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding of the present application, constitutes the part of the application, this Shen
Schematic description and description please does not constitute the improper restriction to the application for explaining the application.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet for sinking to the bottom oily recognition methods based on sonar image feature of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the embodiment schematic diagram of recognition methods of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation for sinking to the bottom oily identifying system based on sonar image feature of the invention；
Fig. 4 is influence test effect figure of the echo reflection feature of the invention to reflected energy；
Fig. 5 is the sonar image test effect figure of different frequency of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Some vocabulary have such as been used to censure specific components in the middle of specification and claim.Those skilled in the art should
It is understood that hardware manufacturer may call same component with different nouns.This specification and claims are not with name
The difference of title as distinguish component mode, but using component difference functionally as distinguish criterion.Such as said in the whole text
The "comprising" of bright book and claim mentioned in is an open language, therefore should be construed to " include but be not limited to ".It is " big
Cause " refer to that in receivable error range, those skilled in the art can solve the technology in the range of certain error and ask
Topic, basically reaches the technique effect.Specification subsequent descriptions are to implement the better embodiment of the application, and so description is
For the purpose of the rule for illustrating the application, scope of the present application is not limited to.The protection domain of the application is when regarding institute
Attached as defined in claim is defined.
Refer to Fig. 1, it is of the invention that oily recognition methods is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, including：Step S101, to visiting
The distributed areas for surveying target are investigated and analysed, and according to the requirement of distribution and detection accuracy to sinking to the bottom oil, select specific
Sonar and sample frequency, the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；Step S102, according to the collection of sonar signal
As a result, sonar data is read out, extracts sonar data, to carry out signal processing and imaging；Step S103, to institute
State the size being imaged respectively from collection sonar data field angle of sonar signal, the situation that sea-floor relief rises and falls and sink to the bottom oil and draw
The seabed risen is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed treatment, and the distributed areas of oil are sunk to the bottom to identify.
Preferably, the acoustic response signal characteristic for sinking to the bottom oil is acquired, i.e., using side-scan sonar, multi-beam sonar etc.
Sonar, takes different form according to test environment, for example, the mode of boat-carrying is taken under marine environment, anechoic tank ring
Mode of towing etc. is taken under border, the acoustic response characteristics signal to research object is acquired.
Preferably, on the premise of sonar data is effectively gathered, principle and characteristic first to sonar are analyzed.
Wherein, the sonar using high frequency side sweep sonar (>350kHz), it has rapid Cover detection area, provides good
It is good to sink to the bottom oily result of detection and realize that small area sinks to the bottom the advantage of oil detection.
Preferably, the sonar using high frequency, multiple beam sonar (>350kHz), with sea-floor relief can be provided
Pseudo- color image, can provide sounding chart for sink to the bottom oil detection advantage.
Preferably, the selection height of the frequency acquisition is inversely proportional with the distribution size for sinking to the bottom oil.
Preferably, sample frequency is low frequency<350kHz, its advantage is sonar image wave beam angular width, realizes large area
Sink to the bottom oily sonar detection.
Preferably, sample frequency is high-frequency>350kHz, its advantage is preferable sonar image quality, realizes facet deposition
The accurate measurement of base oil.
Preferably, treatment is analyzed in terms of the size of collection sonar data field angle, specially：Increase with field angle
Greatly, echo reflection weakened, shows dimmed on sonar color image, tests prove that, recognition accuracy is 85.3%.
Preferably, treatment is analyzed in terms of the situation that sea-floor relief rises and falls, specially：With the area that sea-floor relief rises and falls
, in raised position, there is highlight bar and null value area in domain, in recessed location, there is null value area and shadow region, be risen and fallen in sea-floor relief
Little flat site, echo reflection intensity then changes with the change of seabed degree of roughness, bright on equally distributed chromaticity diagram
The aobvious, dark areas of lofty presence, it may be possible to sink to the bottom the distributed areas of oil, tests prove that, recognition accuracy reaches 80%.
Preferably, from sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness change in terms of be analyzed treatment, specially：With
The change of sea-floor relief degree of roughness, smooth and soft seabed, echo reflection intensity is weaker；The seabed of coarse and hard, returns
Wave reflection intensity is stronger, tests prove that, recognition accuracy is 88.3%.
Used as specific embodiment, the method for the present invention includes：The first step, for the distribution and feature that sink to the bottom oil,
The sonar signal of search coverage is acquired using the Klein3000 types of Klein companies digital double frequency side-scan sonar equipment.
The region of 400m*400m of the investigative range centered on detecting target, survey line spacing is 50m；Second step, in sonar frequency band
Within the scope of, sonar data is acquired using the low frequency of 100kHz and the high-frequency of 500kHz；3rd step, to sonar number
According to being read out and process.During sonar data reads, the data to needing selective analysis are intercepted.Treatment sonar number
During, sound intensity data are filtered and interpolation treatment,
Preferably, the extraction sonar data includes using filtering process first, and treatment, interpolation are then filtered successively
Treatment, compensation deals and sea-floor relief Processing for removing.
Preferably, the imaging to the sonar signal is analyzed treatment including carrying out image preprocessing, image point successively
Cut, feature extraction and image classification are recognized.
Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it is of the invention that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, including：Collecting unit
101, for being investigated and analysed to the distributed areas for detecting target, according to sinking to the bottom the distribution of oil and wanting for detection accuracy
Ask, select specific sonar and sample frequency, the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；Processing unit 102, is used for
According to the collection result of sonar signal, sonar data is read out, extracts sonar data, with carry out signal processing and
Imaging；Recognition unit 103, for the imaging to the sonar signal respectively from size, the seabed of collection sonar data field angle
The situation of hypsography and sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed treatment, with knowledge
The distributed areas for sinking to the bottom oil are not gone out.
First, for the distribution and feature for sinking to the bottom oil, the low frequency of 100kHz and the high-frequency of 500kHz are chosen, is adopted
The sonar signal of search coverage is acquired with side-scan sonar equipment.
Next step, reads sonar data.According to sonar detection result, sonar data is read out, to carry out sonar
Signal transacting and imaging, intercept to the part sonar data comprising target.
Next step, processes sonar data.Processing method to sound intensity data is as follows successively：Sound intensity data are filtered and
Interpolation treatment, treatment is compensated for signal and energy loss, carries out sea-floor relief Processing for removing.
Next step, processes sonar image.Display result according to sonar data, carries out image preprocessing, image point successively
Cut, feature extraction and image recognition, thus obtain the acoustics imaging characteristic for sinking to the bottom oil.Further according to the sonar chart for sinking to the bottom oil
Picture, carries out image enhaucament and image edge acuity, more accurately to carry out feature extraction and image recognition.
Next step, is analyzed to sinking to the bottom oily sonar image feature.According to echo reflection feature to sinking to the bottom oily sonar chart
As feature is analyzed (Fig. 4)：Sinking to the bottom the presence of oil can cause the change of seabed degree of roughness, sinking to the bottom the region of oil cloth,
Echo reflection energy dropoff, pseudo- color image is characterized so that gray scale is dimmed；Because landform is raised or recessed formation null value region, because sinking
The presence of base oil may change topography and landform character, the sonar image feature it is therefore possible to form weak energy reflection；With ripple
The change of beam angle is big, is sinking to the bottom phenomenon that decrease occurs on oily sonar image.
Next step, to explaining and recognizing to sinking to the bottom oil according to sonar image.Divide according to oily sonar image feature is sunk to the bottom
Analysis result, the sonar image with high and low frequency is as research object respectively, explains and recognizes (Fig. 5) to sinking to the bottom oil.Wherein,
Died down because of energy in high-frequency sonar image, the region of the dimmed presence for being shown as sinking to the bottom oil of gray scale, be in combination with all-bottom sound
Image of receiving is recognized, and thus avoids high-frequency sonar image from explaining the presence of illusion, it is ensured that to sink to the bottom the certainty of oily sonar image.
Based on this, the boundary intensity feature, geometric properties and the textural characteristics that sink to the bottom oily sonar image are extracted and is analyzed, passed through
The sonar image crossed after image enhaucament and image edge acuity, with sedimentary rock border substantially, the characteristics of gray feature is stronger,
Textural characteristics are not obvious.
Preferably, the sonar image feature extraction of sample includes：Go out boundary intensity to sonar image sample extraction respectively special
Levy, geometric properties and textural characteristics, scrambling and part that the grey scale change according to sonar image is presented in regional area
The regularity of appearance, extracts the boundary intensity feature and geometric properties of sample, because single sample inside change of properties is smaller,
There is change between sample and between sample and substrate, therefore, the textural characteristics change of sample is little, and exists regular.
Preferably, explain that sonar image includes：With sound intensity image as goal in research, to sea-floor relief and oil-containing deposit
Explain.
Preferably, the selection height of the frequency acquisition is related to the recognition accuracy and fidelity for sinking to the bottom oil.
Preferably, the processing unit include Second processing module, for extracting sound intensity data, first using filtering at
Reason, is then determined to sound intensity sampling location, finally carries out interpolation treatment to sound intensity data.
Preferably, the recognition unit connection memory cell, the imaging for storing to the sonar signal is carried out successively
The acoustics imaging characteristic obtained after the identification of image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and image classification.
Experiment：
Anechoic tank bottom flat, the crude oil being arranged in order in pallet and sludge mixture, crude oil and sandstone mixture, silt
Mud and sandstone mixture, are followed successively by Dark grey (partially deep), Dark grey (partially shallow) and light gray, and textural characteristics are not obvious.
Test effect：According to oil-containing deposit recognition result, with reference to sonar image Sample Storehouse, under test conditions, eliminate the noise
In the flat environment of bottom of gullet, crude oil can divide with sludge mixture, crude oil and sandstone mixture, mud and sandstone mixture
Chu is differentiated, accuracy rate is 90%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Realize simply, it is of the invention based on sonar data collection, reading and treatment, it is special according to the sonar response for sinking to the bottom oily
Levy, recognized to sinking to the bottom oil according to sonar image.The characteristics of according to oil is sunk to the bottom, select the sonar of suitable type and suitable
Frequency acquisition detection target is acquired, according to the signal transacting and processing result image of data, with sonar image to grind
Study carefully object, be identified and describe to sinking to the bottom oil according to the sonar response characteristic for sinking to the bottom oil, can realize being carried out just to sinking to the bottom oil
Really identification and accurate description, with identification is accurate and the characteristics of simple operation.In the later stage cleaning for oil spilling, marine environmental monitoring
With the technical field of protection, with huge application potential and being widely applied prospect.
Described above has shown and described some preferred embodiments of the application, but as previously described, it should be understood that the application
Be not limited to form disclosed herein, be not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and can be used for various other combinations,
Modification and environment, and can be in application contemplated scope described herein, by above-mentioned teaching or the technology or knowledge of association area
It is modified.And the change and change that those skilled in the art are carried out do not depart from spirit and scope, then all should be in this Shen
Please be in the protection domain of appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of that oily recognition methods is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that including：
Distributed areas to detecting target are investigated and analysed, according to the requirement of distribution and detection accuracy to sinking to the bottom oil,
Specific sonar and sample frequency are selected, the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；
According to the collection result of sonar signal, sonar data is read out, extracts sonar data, to carry out at sonar signal
Reason and imaging；
Situation that imaging to the sonar signal rises and falls from the collection size of sonar data field angle, sea-floor relief respectively and
Sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed treatment, oily distributed area is sunk to the bottom to identify
Domain.
2. it is according to claim 1 that oily recognition methods is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that the collection
The selection height of frequency is related to the resolution ratio of the sonar image for sinking to the bottom oil and fidelity.
It is 3. according to claim 1 that oily recognition methods is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that
The extraction sonar data includes that be filtered treatment successively, interpolation is processed, transmitting signal to carry out signal processing
The Processing for removing of compensation deals and the sea-floor relief influence with energy loss.
4. it is according to claim 1 that oily recognition methods is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that to the sound
The imaging of signal received is analyzed treatment and includes carrying out successively image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and image classification and knows
Not.
5. it is a kind of that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that including：
Collecting unit, for being investigated and analysed to the distributed areas for detecting target, according to distribution and spy to sinking to the bottom oil
The requirement of precision is surveyed, specific sonar and sample frequency is selected, the sonar signal to search coverage is acquired；
Processing unit, for the collection result according to sonar signal, is read out to sonar data, extracts sonar data, with
Carry out signal processing and imaging；
Recognition unit, for the imaging to the sonar signal respectively from size, the sea-floor relief of collection sonar data field angle
The situation of fluctuating and sink to the bottom that the seabed that causes of oil is smooth or degree of roughness changes three aspects and is analyzed treatment, to identify
Sink to the bottom the distributed areas of oil.
6. it is according to claim 5 that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that the collection
The selection height of frequency is related to the resolution ratio of the sonar image for sinking to the bottom oil and fidelity.
7. it is according to claim 5 that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that the treatment
Unit includes first processing module, the preliminary judgement for basis to identification target, selects different frequency, and sonar data is carried out
Collection.
8. it is according to claim 5 that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that the treatment
Unit includes Second processing module, for being filtered treatment, interpolation treatment, transmitting signal and energy loss to sonar data
Compensation deals and the Processing for removing of sea-floor relief influence.
9. it is according to claim 5 that oily identifying system is sunk to the bottom based on sonar image feature, it is characterised in that the identification
Unit connects memory cell, and the imaging for storing to the sonar signal carries out image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature successively
The acoustics imaging characteristic extracted and obtained after image classification identification.
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| CN111652149A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-11 | 青岛理工大学 | Deep convolutional neural network-based benthonic oil sonar detection image identification method |
| WO2021243743A1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | 青岛理工大学 | Deep convolutional neural network-based submerged oil sonar detection image recognition method |
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