CN106792261B - Method and device for forwarding streaming media and routing method and device - Google Patents
Method and device for forwarding streaming media and routing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/64—Addressing
- H04N21/6402—Address allocation for clients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
- H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
- H04N21/64322—IP
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
- H04N21/64784—Data processing by the network
Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for forwarding streaming media, and a routing method and a routing device. A method for forwarding streaming media, which is used in a multi-layer streaming media network, wherein the multi-layer streaming media network includes a plurality of streaming media servers, and a routing table is configured in the streaming media servers, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media servers, wherein the next hop information includes a plurality of alternative next hop addresses, and the method includes the following steps: receiving a data packet sent by a previous node; sending a routing request; receiving a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the plurality of alternative next hop addresses; and forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address. The method and the device can realize the routing of the streaming media data packet in the multilayer streaming media network with high expansibility and high flexibility.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of transmission of streaming media data in an ethernet network, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for forwarding streaming media, and a routing method and an apparatus.
Background
With the wide rise of online education and live broadcast services in recent years, multimedia online video technology is increasingly applied to the field of internet markets. The increase of traffic and the expansion of services bring more technical challenges, and high reliability, high real-time performance and high expansibility also become more and more technical bottlenecks in the direction of online videos.
In the existing streaming media server topology architecture, most of the deployment schemes of the streaming media server are single-point deployment or two-layer structure, and even in the multi-layer streaming media server topology, static routing services are configured in the media server.
For example, in a single-point deployment, push streaming (publish) and pull streaming (play) are the same streaming media server, a two-layer structure usually includes a push streaming server as a master and a pull streaming server as a slave, and the slave server synchronizes the streaming information of the master server to the master server. In a complex hierarchical structure with more than two layers, a static route is often deployed on a streaming media server upstream in a link, so that when a plurality of streaming media servers are deployed downstream, a plurality of downstream streaming media servers copy all media streams of the upstream streaming media server.
The topology scheme is only suitable for business scenes with simple structures, and the geographic positions of push flow service and pull flow service are mostly limited not to involve transoceanic.
For example, push streaming services are in north america and pull streaming services are in china. If the streaming media server is deployed in a two-layer or single-point structure, the requirements of low delay and high stability of the online streaming media cannot be met. If the topology form is set to be static topology, the expansibility of the whole routing link is poor, and the deployment and upgrade cost is high.
Therefore, a new method and apparatus for forwarding streaming media, and a new routing method and apparatus are needed.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for forwarding streaming media, and a routing method and an apparatus, which can improve the scalability and flexibility of a streaming media server route in a multi-layer streaming media network.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, or in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for streaming media forwarding, which is used in a multi-layer streaming media network, where the multi-layer streaming media network includes a plurality of streaming media servers, and a routing table is configured in the streaming media servers, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media servers, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses, and the method includes the following steps: receiving a data packet sent by a previous node; sending a routing request; receiving a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the plurality of alternative next hop addresses; and forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the routing table further includes previous hop information of the streaming media server, the data packet includes a preset field, and the sending the routing request includes: determining the forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table; and sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a routing method, including: configuring a routing table of a streaming media server, wherein the routing table comprises next hop information of the streaming media server, and the next hop information comprises a plurality of alternative next hop addresses; respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative next hop addresses of the streaming media server to obtain a test result; and determining the next hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, wherein the next hop optimal address is one of the multiple alternative next hop addresses.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, further comprising: receiving a routing request; and sending the next hop optimal address serving as a target address to the streaming media server according to the routing request, wherein the streaming media server forwards the received data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the nodes include edge nodes and forwarding nodes.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the forwarding nodes include aggregation nodes and core nodes, wherein the core nodes communicate with each other through a private network.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the configuring a routing table of a streaming server includes: when the node is an edge node, configuring a routing table of the edge node as a first routing table type; and when the node is a forwarding node, configuring the routing table of the forwarding node as a second routing table type.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the next hop information further includes a next hop node type.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the routing table further includes last hop information of the streaming media server, where the last hop information includes a last hop type and an alternative last hop address.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, further comprising: when the previous hop information comprises a plurality of alternative previous hop addresses, respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative previous hop addresses to obtain a test result; and determining the last hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, wherein the last hop optimal address is one of the multiple alternative last hop addresses.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for streaming media forwarding is provided, which is used in a multi-layer streaming media network, where the multi-layer streaming media network includes a plurality of streaming media servers, and a routing table is configured in the streaming media servers, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media servers, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses, and the apparatus includes: the data packet receiving module is used for receiving a data packet sent by a previous node; a sending request module for sending a routing request; a destination address receiving module, configured to receive a destination address returned in response to the routing request, where the destination address is one of the multiple candidate next-hop addresses; and the data packet forwarding module is used for forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the routing table further includes last hop information of the streaming media server, the data packet includes a preset field, and the sending request module includes: a forwarding direction determining unit, configured to determine a forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table; and the sending request unit is used for sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a routing apparatus including: a second configuration module, configured to configure a routing table of a streaming media server, where the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses; the second testing module is used for respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of candidate next hop addresses of the streaming media server to obtain a testing result; and a second optimal address determining module, configured to determine a next hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, where the next hop optimal address is one of the multiple candidate next hop addresses.
According to the method and the device for forwarding the streaming media and the routing method and the device, the expansibility and the flexibility of forwarding the streaming media data packet in the multi-layer streaming media network topology can be improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a topological schematic of a multi-layer streaming media network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of another method for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a routing method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 shows a flow chart of another routing method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 shows a block diagram of another apparatus for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a routing device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 shows a block diagram of another routing device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and the like. In other instances, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
Streaming media refers to a form of media that streams audio, video, and multimedia files over a network. Compared with the network playing mode of watching after downloading, the streaming media is typically characterized in that continuous audio and video information is compressed and then put on a network server, and a user can watch while downloading without waiting for the whole file to be downloaded. Due to the superiority of the streaming media technology, the technology is widely applied to video-on-demand, video conference, remote education, remote medical treatment and online live broadcast systems. Streaming media technology has gained rapid development in recent years as a sign of new generation internet applications. It should be noted that the streaming media in the embodiment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to: a video file or a video stream or an audio file or an audio stream.
The streaming media server is a core system of the streaming media application, and is a key platform for an operator to provide video services to users. The main functions of the streaming media server are to collect, cache, schedule, transmit and play streaming media contents. The main performance aspects of a streaming media application system depend on the performance and quality of service of the media server. Therefore, the streaming server is the foundation of the streaming application system and is the most important component.
The push flow is a process of pushing live broadcast content to a server; the pull stream is the process of pulling the existing live content of the server by using the designated address. A complete live broadcast process comprises the steps of collecting, processing, encoding, packaging, pushing flow, transmitting, transcoding, distributing, pulling flow, decoding and playing, wherein the delay is lower and the user experience is better from the pushing flow to the playing and through an intermediate forwarding link.
The embodiment of the invention firstly provides a multilayer streaming media network, and the method and the device in other embodiments are applied to the multilayer streaming media network.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a topological schematic of a multi-layer streaming media network according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-layered streaming network includes a plurality of streaming servers (mediaservers).
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the streaming media servers may be divided into Edge nodes (EPs), which are typically points of streaming media push and pull streams, such as EP11, EP12, EP13, EP14, EP21, EP22, EP23, EP24, according to the positions of the streaming media servers in the network topology; aggregation nodes (APs), which are typically deployed as streaming media forwarding nodes, such as AP11, AP12, AP21, AP 22; core nodes (Key points, KP), which are typically deployed as streaming media forwarding nodes, typically communicate with each other through a dedicated network (e.g., optical fiber), such as KP11, KP 21. It should be noted that the multi-layer streaming media network in fig. 1 is only an example and is not intended to limit the present invention, and the number of streaming media servers, the type of streaming media servers, and the number of streaming media servers of each type in the network may be flexibly set according to actual system requirements, and need not be strictly deployed according to this embodiment.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the multi-layer streaming media network topology is a bidirectional graph structure, and generally includes: the edge deploys a plurality of EPs to be responsible for accessing services, the EPs forward data packets to the AP through a routing mechanism, the AP forwards the data packets to the KP through the routing mechanism, the KP can be used for being responsible for transoceanic transmission (but is not limited to be used for transoceanic transmission), and similarly, in another route of the topology, a routing mode of KP-AP-EP also exists.
The method comprises the steps of receiving a request for acquiring a streaming media file sent by a Client (such as Client11, Client12 and/or Client21 and Client22) at an edge node of the multi-layer streaming media network, and receiving and playing slice data returned by a streaming media server.
A link is a physical line from one node to a neighboring node. In the embodiment of the present invention, the client sends the request for acquiring the streaming media file to the streaming media server, so that a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connection is established between the client and the streaming media server, that is, a link associated with the request for acquiring the streaming media file between the client and the streaming media server is established.
As mentioned above, most of the existing routing is implemented by static routing, that is, in the routing table of EP-AP-KP, the address of the next hop is statically configured, and in the routing process, the address of the next hop is directly used for routing. In the embodiment of the invention, a dynamic routing mechanism is adopted to find the optimal routing path in real time.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table includes previous hop information and next hop information of the streaming media server. This ensures that data from both the streaming source and the client can find the next hop path.
The routing table is a carrier for recording information, and may be in the form of a list or in the form of program segments. Named routing tables for convenience of illustration only and not limitation.
In an exemplary embodiment, the previous hop information includes a previous hop type and an alternative previous hop address, and the next hop information includes a next hop type and an alternative next hop address.
The dynamic routing mechanism in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: each streaming server is configured with at least one routing table, and the basic structure of the routing table can be as shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
Table 1: (R, R) type routing table
Table 2: (C, R) type routing table
Wherein D1 in tables 1 and 2 represents the previous hop information, Type under D1 represents the previous hop Type, and Group under D1 represents the alternative previous hop address; d2 represents the next hop information, Type under D2 represents the next hop Type, and Group under D2 represents the alternative next hop address.
The previous hop type and/or the next hop type may be a Client class (Client, abbreviated as C), a Redirect class (Redirect, abbreviated as R), or an Edge node class (Edge, abbreviated as E). The present disclosure is not limited thereto.
The alternative previous-hop address (e.g., Group1, Group2) and/or the alternative next-hop address (e.g., Group3, Group4, Group5, Group6) may be any identifier that can uniquely identify the streaming server, such as a host name (hostname), an IP address, and the like of the streaming server corresponding to the previous node/the next node. In the following embodiment, the hostname of the streaming media server is taken as an example for explanation.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the previous hop and the next hop are relative, and depend on the packet forwarding direction. For example, when pushing streaming, a certain streaming media server corresponds to a previous hop address; when pulling stream, the stream media server is corresponding to the next hop address.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the Group information in each routing table is configured in its routing table through the routing device, and each Group can be used as a candidate node of a route.
When the streaming media server is deployed on an edge node (EP), the configured routing table type should be the (C, R) type of table 2; if it is an intermediate routing forwarding node (sink node or core node), the routing table should be configured as type (R, R) of table 1.
During the communication between the data packet and the streaming media server, in addition to encapsulating the basic video and audio packets and the control signaling, a preset field (e.g., a uppstreamtype field) may be provided. The UpStreamType field is generated by the client at the earliest, the type of the UpStreamType field is set to be C, and the UpStreamType field is modified to be the hostName of the corresponding streaming media server when the intermediate streaming media server is forwarded.
In the above embodiments, the bidirectional forwarding of packets in the network is taken as an example for explanation. However, the dynamic routing mechanism may also be applied to only one-way forwarding, and the routing mechanism in the opposite direction may still adopt static routing or other routing manners.
In an exemplary embodiment, a routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of alternative next hop addresses.
The various techniques described herein may be used in various Wireless communication systems, such as current 2G, 3G communication systems and next generation communication systems, such as Global System for mobile communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA, Time Division Multiple Access) systems, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA, Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, General packet radio Service (GPRS, General packet Service) systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE, Long Term Evolution) systems, and other types of communication systems.
A client, which may be a wireless terminal or a wired terminal, may refer to a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device having wireless connection capability, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Wireless terminals, which may be mobile terminals such as mobile telephones (or "cellular" telephones) and computers having mobile terminals, such as portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-included, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, may communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (e.g., RAN). For example, Personal Communication Service (PCS) phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and the like. A wireless Terminal may also be referred to as a system, a Remote Terminal (Remote Terminal), an access Terminal (access Terminal), a client Terminal (User Terminal), a User Agent (User Agent), a User Device (User Device), or a User Equipment (User Equipment).
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for streaming media forwarding is used in the multi-layer streaming media network in the foregoing embodiment, where the multi-layer streaming media network includes multiple streaming media servers. And a routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table comprises the previous hop information and the next hop information of the streaming media server. The previous hop information comprises a previous hop type and a candidate previous hop address, and the next hop information comprises a next hop type and a candidate next hop address.
The method comprises the following steps.
In step S110, a data packet sent by a previous node is received, where the data packet includes a preset field, and the preset field includes a previous node type.
In an embodiment, the preset field includes an upstreamtypee field. The present disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the last node type may include a Client class (Client), a Redirect class (Redirect), an Edge node class (Edge), and a Reach class (Reach).
In an embodiment, the method may further include a streaming media initialization stage, adding a streaming media identifier (mediaId) corresponding to the generated streaming media and a host name (hostName) of a streaming media server where the streaming media identifier (mediaId) is located to an integrated Persistent Node (GPN). In another embodiment, only the hostname of the edge node (EP) to which the streaming media corresponds is added to the GPN node. Generally, a streaming media server often includes a plurality of streaming media, and at this time, the IP addresses of the streaming media are the same, and must be distinguished by a streaming media identifier (mediaId). Therefore, long connections between the streaming media servers and/or between the streaming media servers and the client can be established, and when an abnormal condition (such as network interruption) occurs, the host where the corresponding streaming media is located can be found again and the connections can be reestablished only by extracting corresponding information from the GPN node.
When the streaming media server of the current node receives the data packet, the data packet requested by the upstream (previous node) is analyzed to obtain the UpStreamType field, so that the type of the previous node can be obtained.
In step S120, a preset operation is performed according to the previous node type.
In an exemplary embodiment, the performing a preset operation according to the previous node type includes: when the previous node type is a client class, determining the forwarding direction of the data packet according to the previous hop type and the next hop type; sending a routing request according to the forwarding direction; receiving a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the alternative previous-hop address or the alternative next-hop address in the routing table; and forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
If the last node Type of the UpStreamType field is determined to be the Client Type, indicating that the received data packet is sent from the Client, then selecting the next address of the non-Client Type with the D2Type ═ R (Redirect) Type in the routing table as the target address.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset field further includes a last node identification. The last node identifier may be a hostName (hostName) of the streaming server or the client corresponding to the last node, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In an exemplary embodiment, the performing a preset operation according to the previous node type further includes: changing the type of the last node of the preset field into a redirection type, and changing the identifier of the last node into the identifier of the streaming media server currently receiving the data packet; and encapsulating the changed preset field into the data packet and then forwarding the data packet to the next node.
And after determining the target address of the next hop, the current streaming media server packages the data packet, and if the type of the UpStreamType field is client, the UpStreamType field is set to be in a Redirect @ hostName form.
In an exemplary embodiment, the performing a preset operation according to the previous node type includes: when the previous node identifier is a redirection class, determining the forwarding direction of the data packet according to the previous node identifier and the routing table; sending a routing request according to the forwarding direction; receiving a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the alternative previous-hop address or the alternative next-hop address in the routing table; and forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
For example, if the previous node type of the parsed UpStreamType field is Redirect type, it indicates that the packet is from a forwarding node, and at this time, a hostName value needs to be parsed according to Redirect @ hostName format of the UpStreamType, and then the forwarding direction is looked up from the routing table with the hostName as a key value (key), and a target address (bestDest) in the other direction is taken as the forwarding address.
In an exemplary embodiment, said forwarding said data packets to respective next nodes according to said destination address comprises: judging whether the next node is an edge node type according to the previous hop type or the next hop type in the routing table; when the next node is the edge node class, changing the previous node type of the preset field into an end point class, and changing the previous node identifier into the identifier of the streaming media server currently receiving the data packet; and encapsulating the changed preset field into the data packet and then forwarding the data packet to the next node.
For example, if the next node corresponding to the next hop address is judged to be Edge class (the D type in the routing table is set to E), the GPN node is queried, the EP where the mediaId of the packet is located is found, the packet is routed to the EP node, and the packet format is encapsulated to reach @ hostName format.
In an exemplary embodiment, the performing a preset operation according to the previous node type includes: and when the type of the previous node is arrival type (reach), stopping the forwarding of the data packet and processing corresponding service logic.
When the current node judges that the last node type of the UpStreamType field of the received data packet structure is reach, the current node indicates that the data packet reaches the corresponding edge node, and when the routing of the data packet is finished, the current node stops searching and directly processes the service logic.
The method for forwarding the streaming media provided by the embodiment can provide a routing scheme for forwarding the streaming media with high expansibility, high stability and high flexibility through a dynamic routing mechanism aiming at a complex multi-layer streaming media network topology.
On the other hand, the method for forwarding the streaming media in the embodiment of the invention can serve the streaming media cross-ocean service, can effectively bear the cross-ocean multimedia service, can effectively optimize the structure with poor expansibility and low flexibility of the current multilayer static state, and provides a more stable solution for the cross-ocean streaming media service.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of another method for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The method for forwarding the streaming media is used for a multi-layer streaming media network, and the multi-layer streaming media network comprises a plurality of streaming media servers. A routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses.
As shown in fig. 3, the method for streaming media forwarding includes the following steps.
In step S210, a data packet sent by the previous node is received.
And the streaming media server corresponding to the current node receives the data packet sent by the streaming media server corresponding to the previous node.
In step S220, a routing request is sent.
In an embodiment, when the unidirectional transmission is performed, that is, when the forwarding direction is known definitely, the streaming media server corresponding to the current node sends a routing request to a routing device, where the routing request includes identification information, such as a host name, of the streaming media server corresponding to the current node, and the routing device finds a routing table of the corresponding streaming media server according to the host name, so as to return a destination address of a next hop corresponding to the streaming media server. The specific method for how the routing device filters the destination address of the next hop from the multiple candidate next hop addresses refers to the following embodiments, and is not described in detail herein.
In an exemplary embodiment, the routing table further includes last hop information of the streaming server. In one embodiment, the data packet may include a preset field.
In an exemplary embodiment, the sending the routing request includes: determining the forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table; and sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
The data packet obtains the preset field by analyzing the data packet, and can obtain previous hop information in the preset field, such as a previous node type and a host name of the streaming media server corresponding to the previous node. And according to the host name of the streaming media server corresponding to the previous node, the forwarding direction of the data packet can be determined by searching the previous hop information in the routing table.
In step S230, a destination address returned in response to the routing request is received, wherein the destination address is one of the plurality of alternative next-hop addresses.
In step S240, the data packet is forwarded to the corresponding next node according to the destination address.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a routing method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 4, the routing method includes the following steps.
In step S310, a routing table of the streaming server is configured according to the node type.
Before going online, the routing table of each node (each streaming media server) is configured. The routing table is mainly configured as an alternative next hop address of the node, and can comprise two directions of topological uplink and downlink. The routing table is configured according to the Node type, for example, if the Node is an edge Node, the last Node (Node) type of the Node is a Client. If the node is a sink node, the previous node is an edge node, and the D Type value of the previous node is set to be E.
Wherein the routing table includes previous hop information and next hop information of the streaming server.
In an exemplary embodiment, the previous hop information includes a plurality of alternative previous hop addresses and the next hop information includes a plurality of alternative next hop addresses.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include step S320: and respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative previous-hop addresses and the plurality of alternative next-hop addresses in the routing table to obtain a test result.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include step S330: and determining a last hop optimal address in the multiple alternative last hop addresses and a next hop optimal address in the multiple alternative next hop addresses of the streaming media server according to the test result.
And performing a TestService test on the multiple alternative next-hop addresses and the multiple alternative previous-hop addresses at regular time, wherein the TestService test can comprise an uplink direction and a downlink direction. TestService mainly pings the alternative next-hop address in the routing table for N times. And sorting the results returned by each ping service. And if the data are arranged in a descending order, updating the default next hop address, namely the target address of the corresponding streaming media server to be the first result after the TestService is arranged. And if the data are arranged in an ascending order, updating the default next hop address, namely the target address of the corresponding streaming media server to be the last result after the TestService is arranged.
In an embodiment, the alternative next-hop addresses and/or the comprehensive scores of one or more of the load condition, the CPU utilization, the memory utilization, and the like of the streaming media server corresponding to the alternative previous-hop addresses may be sorted, and the streaming media server with the optimal performance is selected as the target streaming media server of the next hop.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include step S340: a routing request is received.
The routing device receives the routing request sent by the streaming media server currently receiving the data packet, where the routing request includes a host name (used for looking up a corresponding routing table) of the streaming media server and a forwarding direction (used for determining whether to select one of multiple candidate previous-hop addresses or multiple candidate next-hop addresses as a target address).
In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include the step S350 of: and sending the last hop optimal address or the next hop optimal address as a target address to the streaming media server according to the routing request.
And returning the corresponding previous hop optimal address or the next hop optimal address serving as a target address to the streaming media server which currently receives the data packet according to the forwarding direction in the routing request.
It should be noted that, in an embodiment, after the steps S320 to S330 and the steps S340 to S350 are not performed successively, that is, the routing device periodically tests and screens the previous-hop optimal address and the next-hop optimal address in the uplink and downlink directions, and the streaming media server sends the routing request after receiving the data packet, which are asynchronous, so that after receiving the routing request, the routing device can return the screened previous-hop optimal address or the next-hop optimal address to the streaming media server that sends the routing request in real time, and the streaming media server does not need to wait.
In another embodiment, the routing device may also start the above test screening and sorting work after receiving a routing request sent by the streaming media server, find the optimal address of the previous hop or the optimal address of the next hop of the corresponding routing table, and return the address to the streaming media server that sends the routing request.
In the routing method provided by this embodiment, a routing table is configured for each streaming media server in a multilayer streaming media network through a routing device, where the routing table includes a plurality of alternative previous-hop addresses and a plurality of alternative next-hop addresses in uplink and downlink directions, and an optimal target address is selected in real time through testing and returned to a streaming media server that currently receives a data packet, so that the streaming media server can find an optimal routing path according to the real-time performance of each streaming media server, thereby implementing dynamic routing for forwarding streaming media.
Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of another routing method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, the routing method includes the following steps.
In step S510, a routing table of a streaming media server is configured, where the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses.
In an exemplary embodiment, the next hop information further includes a next hop node type.
In an exemplary embodiment, the nodes include edge nodes and forwarding nodes.
In an exemplary embodiment, the forwarding nodes include aggregation nodes and core nodes, wherein the core nodes communicate with each other through a private network.
In an exemplary embodiment, the configuring the routing table of the streaming server includes: when the node is an edge node, configuring a routing table of the edge node as a first routing table type; and when the node is a forwarding node, configuring the routing table of the forwarding node as a second routing table type.
In an exemplary embodiment, the routing table further includes last hop information of the streaming server.
In step S520, a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of candidate next hop addresses of the streaming media server are respectively tested, and a test result is obtained.
In step S530, a next hop optimal address of the streaming media server is determined according to the test result, where the next hop optimal address is one of the candidate next hop addresses.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: receiving a routing request; and sending the next hop optimal address serving as a target address to the streaming media server according to the routing request, wherein the streaming media server forwards the received data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
In an exemplary embodiment, further comprising: when the previous hop information comprises a plurality of alternative previous hop addresses, respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative previous hop addresses to obtain a test result; and determining the last hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, wherein the last hop optimal address is one of the multiple alternative last hop addresses.
For other contents in the embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to the above embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
The following describes an apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and since the implementation processes of the corresponding modules are described in detail in the above method embodiments, the contents in the above method embodiments can be applied to the apparatus embodiments described below.
Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, the apparatus 100 for streaming media forwarding is used in a multi-layer streaming media network, which includes a plurality of streaming media servers. In an embodiment, a routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table includes previous hop information and next hop information of the streaming media server. In another embodiment, the previous hop information includes a previous hop type and an alternative previous hop address, and the next hop information includes a next hop type and an alternative next hop address.
The apparatus 100 comprises: a packet receiving module 110 and an executing module 120.
The data packet receiving module 110 is configured to receive a data packet sent by a previous node, where the data packet includes a preset field, and the preset field includes a previous node type.
The executing module 120 is configured to execute a preset operation according to the previous node type.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset field further includes a last node identification.
In an exemplary embodiment, the execution module 120 includes: a forwarding direction determining unit, configured to determine, when the previous node type is a redirection type, a forwarding direction of the packet according to the previous node identifier and the routing table; a sending request unit, configured to send a routing request according to the forwarding direction; a destination address receiving unit, configured to receive a destination address returned in response to the routing request, where the destination address is one of the alternative previous-hop address and the alternative next-hop address in the routing table; and the data packet forwarding unit is used for forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
Fig. 7 shows a block diagram of another apparatus for streaming media forwarding according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 200 for streaming media forwarding is used for a multi-layer streaming media network including a plurality of streaming media servers. Wherein a routing table is configured in the streaming media server, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses.
As shown in fig. 7, the apparatus 200 for streaming media forwarding includes a packet receiving module 210, a transmission request module 220, a destination address receiving module 230, and a packet forwarding module 240.
The data packet receiving module 210 is configured to receive a data packet sent by a previous node.
Wherein the request sending module 220 is configured to send a routing request.
In an exemplary embodiment, the routing table further includes last hop information of the streaming server. In one embodiment, the data packet includes a preset field.
In an exemplary embodiment, the send request module 220 includes: a forwarding direction determining unit, configured to determine a forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table; and the sending request unit is used for sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
Wherein the destination address receiving module 230 is configured to receive a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the plurality of alternative next-hop addresses.
Wherein the packet forwarding module 240 is configured to forward the packet to the corresponding next node according to the destination address.
Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of a routing device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, the routing apparatus 300 includes a first configuration module 310, a first testing module 320, and a first optimal address determining module 330.
The first configuration module 310 is configured to configure a routing table of a streaming media server according to a node type, where the routing table includes previous hop information and next hop information of the streaming media server, the previous hop information includes a plurality of alternative previous hop addresses, and the next hop information includes a plurality of alternative next hop addresses.
The first testing module 320 is configured to respectively test a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of candidate previous-hop addresses and the plurality of candidate next-hop addresses in the routing table, so as to obtain a testing result.
The first optimal address determining module 330 is configured to determine, according to the test result, a previous-hop optimal address in the multiple candidate previous-hop addresses of the streaming media server and a next-hop optimal address in the multiple candidate next-hop addresses.
Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of another routing device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 9, the routing apparatus 400 includes a second configuration module 410, a second testing module 420, and a second optimal address determining module 430.
The second configuration module 410 is configured to configure a routing table of a streaming media server, where the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses.
The second testing module 420 is configured to respectively test a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of candidate next hop addresses of the streaming media server, so as to obtain a testing result.
The second optimal address determining module 430 is configured to determine a next hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, where the next hop optimal address is one of the multiple candidate next hop addresses.
It should be clearly understood that this disclosure describes how to make and use particular examples, but the principles of this disclosure are not limited to any details of these examples. Rather, these principles can be applied to many other embodiments based on the teachings of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2, 3, 4 or 5 show a flow chart of a method for streaming media forwarding or a routing method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may be implemented, for example, with an apparatus for streaming media forwarding or a routing apparatus as shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, or 9, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. It should be noted that fig. 2, 3, 4, or 5 are merely schematic illustrations of processes included in methods according to example embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be limiting. It will be readily appreciated that the processes shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 or 5 do not indicate or limit the temporal order of the processes. In addition, it will also be readily appreciated that such processing may be performed, for example, synchronously or asynchronously across multiple modules/processes/threads.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein may be implemented by software, or by software in combination with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which may be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a mobile terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements, instrumentalities, or instrumentalities described herein; on the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for forwarding streaming media, which is used in a multi-layer streaming media network, and the multi-layer streaming media network includes a plurality of streaming media servers, wherein a routing table is configured in the streaming media servers, and the routing table includes next hop information of the streaming media servers, and the next hop information includes a plurality of candidate next hop addresses, and the method includes the following steps:
receiving a data packet sent by a previous node;
sending a routing request;
receiving a destination address returned in response to the routing request, wherein the destination address is one of the plurality of alternative next hop addresses; and
forwarding the data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address;
the routing table further includes previous hop information of the streaming media server, the data packet includes a preset field, and the preset field includes at least one of a previous node type and a previous node identifier;
the sending the routing request includes:
determining the forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table;
and sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
2. A routing method, comprising:
configuring a routing table of a streaming media server, wherein the routing table comprises next hop information and previous hop information of the streaming media server, the next hop information comprises a plurality of alternative next hop addresses, and the previous hop information comprises a previous hop type and a plurality of alternative previous hop addresses;
respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative next-hop addresses and/or the plurality of alternative previous-hop addresses of the streaming media server to obtain a test result, wherein the test is a TestService test;
determining a next hop optimal address and/or a previous hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, wherein the next hop optimal address is one of the multiple alternative next hop addresses, and the previous hop optimal address is one of the multiple alternative previous hop addresses;
receiving a routing request, wherein the routing request comprises a forwarding direction of a data packet;
and sending the next hop optimal address or the previous hop optimal address serving as a target address to the streaming media server according to the routing request, wherein the streaming media server forwards the received data packet to a corresponding next node according to the target address.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nodes comprise edge nodes and forwarding nodes.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the forwarding nodes comprise aggregation nodes and core nodes, and wherein the core nodes communicate with each other via a private network.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the configuring the routing table of the streaming server comprises:
when the node is an edge node, configuring a routing table of the edge node as a first routing table type;
and when the node is a forwarding node, configuring the routing table of the forwarding node as a second routing table type.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the next hop information further comprises a next hop node type.
7. An apparatus for streaming media forwarding in a multi-layer streaming media network, the multi-layer streaming media network comprising a plurality of streaming media servers, wherein a routing table is configured in the streaming media servers, the routing table comprising next hop information of the streaming media servers, wherein the next hop information comprises a plurality of candidate next hop addresses, the apparatus comprising:
the data packet receiving module is used for receiving a data packet sent by a previous node;
a sending request module for sending a routing request;
a destination address receiving module, configured to receive a destination address returned in response to the routing request, where the destination address is one of the multiple candidate next-hop addresses; and
a packet forwarding module, configured to forward the packet to a corresponding next node according to the destination address;
the routing table further includes previous hop information of the streaming media server, the data packet includes a preset field, and the preset field includes at least one of a previous node type and a previous node identifier;
the request sending module comprises:
a forwarding direction determining unit, configured to determine a forwarding direction of the data packet according to the preset field and the routing table;
and the sending request unit is used for sending the routing request according to the forwarding direction.
8. A routing device, comprising:
a second configuration module, configured to configure a routing table of a streaming media server, where the routing table includes next hop information and previous hop information of the streaming media server, where the next hop information includes multiple candidate next hop addresses, and the previous hop information includes a previous hop type and multiple candidate previous hop addresses;
the second testing module is used for respectively testing a plurality of nodes corresponding to the plurality of alternative next-hop addresses and/or the plurality of alternative previous-hop addresses of the streaming media server to obtain a testing result, wherein the testing is a TestService test;
a second optimal address determining module, configured to determine a next-hop optimal address and/or a previous-hop optimal address of the streaming media server according to the test result, where the next-hop optimal address is one of the multiple candidate next-hop addresses, and the previous-hop optimal address is one of the multiple candidate previous-hop addresses;
a receiving request module, configured to receive a routing request, where the routing request includes a forwarding direction of a data packet;
and the destination address sending unit is used for sending the next hop optimal address or the previous hop optimal address serving as a destination address to the streaming media server according to the routing request, wherein the streaming media server forwards the received data packet to a corresponding next node according to the destination address.
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| CN110636000B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-07-27 | 贵州白山云科技股份有限公司 | Virtual cloud network control method, system and network device |
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