CN106787967A - A kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance and control method - Google Patents
A kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106787967A CN106787967A CN201611161622.8A CN201611161622A CN106787967A CN 106787967 A CN106787967 A CN 106787967A CN 201611161622 A CN201611161622 A CN 201611161622A CN 106787967 A CN106787967 A CN 106787967A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
- H02P1/30—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to primary circuit of motor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance and control method, belong to AC induction motor and start and arrangements for speed regulation field.The method is mainly characterized in that substituting the big electrochemical capacitor of traditional frequency conversion device with small capacitances, leakage inductance current is decayed with the method for resistance consumption feedback energy and accelerate to implement effectively control.Remained after removing big electrochemical capacitor, on dc bus directly from the power network pulsating volage consistent with three-phase line voltage, the control of the various performance requirements of conversion process can be realized by the optimization of control algolithm.Traditional frequency conversion device high cost, bulky problem are solved, while can also bypass frequency converter, the effect of a tractor serves several purposes is reached.
Description
【Technical field】
Frequency control and soft start field the invention belongs to motor, more particularly to a kind of universal change with adverse current resistance
Frequency device and control method.
【Background technology】
AC and DC hybrid transmission system is directed to a kind of effective arrangements for speed regulation and technology of alternating current generator.Have become at present electrically
Topmost speed regulating method in transmission.The general principle of variable-frequency control technique is according to relational expression:N=60f/p, n, f, p in formula
Rotating speed, incoming frequency, motor pole logarithm are represented respectively.The rotating speed of motor with exchange the pass that input service supply frequency is directly proportional
System, as long as can just reach the purpose for changing motor speed by changing electric motor operation supply frequency.
Frequency converter generally comprises rectification and inversion two parts, for voltage frequency converter three-phase alternating current after over commutation institute
The DC voltage for obtaining contains ripple component, and usually using electrochemical capacitor filtering voltage regulation, eventually passing inverter output voltage, frequency can
The exchange of tune supplies electricity to motor.
But above-mentioned frequency converter has a disadvantage that：First, because big electrochemical capacitor volume is big, this adds increased the body of circuit
Product；Second, the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor price of Large Copacity is high, cost is increased；Third, when the upper and lower bridge arm of three phase inverter bridge replaces
Conducting, the inductive energy in load carries out repeated charge, causes the loss of electric capacity and make the longevity of frequency converter to electrochemical capacitor
Life reduces.So-called bulky capacitor refers to that the effect of electric capacity is filtering, and power of motor is bigger due to the operation principle of existing frequency converter,
Its capacity is bigger, it is common configuration be the microfarad of about 1KW power configurations 1000 electric capacity, therefore thousands of microfarads electric capacity configuration be
The most basic option of frequency converter.
Therefore, if cancelling the electrochemical capacitor in AC speed regulating frequency converter, can greatly improve frequency converter performance and
Reliability, reduces cost, and with very strong practical value.
【The content of the invention】
To solve the problems, such as existing frequency converter, the invention provides a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance and
Control method.The present invention is a kind of topological structure of new frequency converter, and solve above-mentioned frequency converter presence must use big electricity
The problems of electric capacity are solved, so as to the Performance And Reliability of frequency converter, reduces cost can be improved；Secondly, new frequency converter topology
Structure can further realize the function that frequency converter is voluntarily exited after the completion of electric motor starting, solve original frequency converter presence and be difficult to
Problem of the bypass changeover to power frequency so that new frequency converter a tractor serves several purposes, widens the range of application of frequency converter significantly.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance, including three-phase commutation bridge, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, resistance R, afterflow
Diode D, three phase inverter bridge and microcontroller；The leading-out terminal of three-phase commutation bridge is female by direct current with the end of incoming cables of three phase inverter bridge
Line is connected, and dc bus positive pole is connected by being parallel with sustained diode with the circuit of resistance R, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C2 one end
Dc bus negative pole is all connected with, the other end is connected to the two ends of resistance R and diode D；The end of incoming cables of three-phase commutation bridge, three
The leading-out terminal of phase inverter bridge forms major loop with power network and motor connection respectively；Between the leading-out terminal of power network and the end of incoming cables of motor
Connected by bypassing；On the end of incoming cables of three-phase commutation bridge, on the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge, between power network and motor in bypass all
It is in series with contactless contactor；Described microcontroller respectively by two voltage-phase detection modules connect power network output ends,
Three phase inverter bridge output end, and microcontroller connects three phase inverter bridge and all of contactless contactor by drive circuit.
Described electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C2 is non-electrolytic capacitor.
Described electric capacity C1 and the capacitance of electric capacity C2 are not more than 1000uF.
A, B, C three-phase of power network are connected by three ends of incoming cables of contactless contactor SA, SB, SC and three-phase commutation bridge respectively
Connect, A, B, C three-phase of power network are connected by contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 with U, V, W tri- of motor respectively, three phase inverter bridge
Three leading-out terminals be connected with U, V, W tri- of motor by contactless contactor SU, SV, SW respectively.
Described three-phase commutation bridge is made up of six diodes.
Three phase inverter bridge is made up of the IGBT pipe fittings of six parallel diodes, wherein IGBT pipes V1 and V4, IGBT pipe V3 with
V6, IGBT pipe V5 and V2 respectively constitute three groups of upper and lower bridge arms.
A kind of control method based on the General Converters with adverse current resistance, comprises the following steps：
When frequency converter is used as frequency control, the contactless contactor SA of microprocessor control three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables, SB,
Contactless contactor SU, SV, SW closure of the leading-out terminal of SC and three phase inverter bridge, contactless contactor S1 between power network and motor,
S2, S3 are disconnected, and alternating voltage is transformed to DC voltage by line voltage by three-phase commutation bridge, and three phase inverter bridge is female by direct current again
The voltage transformation of line is amplitude, frequency, the alternating voltage of phase-adjustable are powered to motor；Microprocessor control three phase inverter bridge
The conducting of inverter IGBT and shut-off, continuous frequency conversion control is carried out to motor；
When being used as Electric Motor Soft-starter, microcontroller by voltage-phase detection module detect line voltage and
The voltage parameter of three-phase inverter output, voltage, frequency, the phase one of voltage, frequency, phase and the inverter output when power network
During cause, microprocessor control disconnects contactless contactor SA, SB, SC of three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables and the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge
Contactless contactor SU, SV, SW, and contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are closed, and power network is powered directly to motor, frequency converter reaches side
Road function.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the following technical effect that：
This invention is improved for traditional frequency conversion device structure, and tradition is replaced with small volume, cheap small capacitances
On the big electrochemical capacitor that volume is big, price is relatively expensive in frequency converter, and dc bus between electric capacity and inverter
The concatenation resistance R in parallel with diode D.When three phase inverter bridge works, because the inductive load characteristic of motor has afterflow electricity
Feedback is flowed back to, most energy is absorbed by small capacitances, another part is by resistance consumption, the pumping voltage on limitation dc bus
Accelerate the decay of leakage inductance current simultaneously.Use small capacitances C1And C2The Performance And Reliability of frequency converter can be improved, is reduced into
This；Due to the electric capacity C on dc bus1And C2Value significantly reduces, and it acts on only conduct absorption instantaneous energy and action time is very
It is short, thus this structure makes to be remained on dc bus the 6 wave head pulsating volages from power network, matches somebody with somebody in appropriate control and switch
Close the lower bypass functionality that can realize motor and power network.The rectification of traditional frequency conversion device and inversion are maintained in the structure of this frequency converter
Two parts, existing rectification, inversion and Frequency Conversion Theory stand good, and not only reduce the volume that cost also reduces system, and
So that frequency converter can not need the place of frequency control to exit frequency converter bypass with bypass, a tractor serves several purposes is reached
Effect, this will cause that the application field of frequency converter expands.
Further, small capacitances C1And C2Hundreds of microfarads, reasonable selection C are usually more than according to power of motor size1And C2And
Resistance R can make the pumping voltage produced on bus be limited in allowed band, while the decay of leakage inductance can reach most fast (its again
Duration, control was in several milliseconds or smaller of zero point).By the DC voltage after three-phase commutation bridge when three phase inverter bridge is sent to
Resistance is needed not move through, but three-phase inverter is flowed to by diode, it is to avoid the energy ezpenditure of this part is on resistance.
The opening and closing that control method of the invention passes through microprocessor control contactless contactor, realize and realize frequency conversion
The function that device is voluntarily exited after the completion of electric motor starting, solves the problems, such as that original frequency converter is present and is difficult to bypass changeover to power frequency,
Both can be used as frequency control, and soft initiator be can serve as again and is used so that new frequency converter a tractor serves several purposes, widened significantly
The range of application of frequency converter.
【Brief description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is traditional frequency conversion device structure chart.
Fig. 2 is a kind of General Converters structural topology figure with adverse current resistance of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is power network three-phase phase voltage oscillogram, and Fig. 3 (b) is power network three-phase line voltage oscillogram, and Fig. 3 (c) is electricity
Have big electrochemical capacitor and the contrast oscillogram without big electrochemical capacitor after the rectified bridge rectification of net voltage, wherein Uab, Uac, Ubc,
Uba, Uca, Ucb are without the pulsating volage on big electrochemical capacitor dc bus, voltage when Luc is big electrochemical capacitor on direct current mother
Waveform.
【Specific embodiment】
In order that operation principle of the invention, technical scheme are more clear directly perceived, the present invention is done in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Thin narration.
As shown in figure 1, being traditional common type frequency converter operation principle：Frequency changer is specifically, three-phase power grid voltage is passed through
Cross and be constituted by a diode the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase into direct current, and filtered in the presence of big electrochemical capacitor C on dc bus
Ripple voltage stabilizing, the direct current after filtering voltage regulation starts and operates through inverter bridge into the adjustable AC-powered machine of frequency and voltage,
Three phase inverter bridge constitutes six bridge arms, wherein device for power switching by the device for power switching IGBT of six fly-wheel diodes in parallel
V1 and V4 composition upper and lower bridge arms, device for power switching V3 and V6 composition upper and lower bridge arm, device for power switching V5 and V2 composition is upper and lower
Bridge arm.
It is a kind of General Converters structural topology figure with adverse current resistance of the invention, in traditional frequency conversion device in Fig. 2
On the basis of, keep the rectifier bridge and inverter bridge of traditional frequency conversion device constant, cancel the big electrochemical capacitor of traditional frequency conversion device.Three phase rectifier
The leading-out terminal of bridge is connected with the end of incoming cables of three phase inverter bridge by dc bus, and the positive pole of dc bus passes through sustained diode
Resistance R in parallel is connected with inverter bridge therewith, and small capacitances C is parallel with the two ends of resistance R1And C2To the negative pole of dc bus.
Specifically, of the invention a kind of with General Converters of the adverse current resistance without big electrochemical capacitor, including three phase rectifier
Bridge, small capacitances C1And C2(hundreds of microfarads are usually more than according to power of motor size), resistance R, diode D, three phase inverter bridge and
Microcontroller is constituted.The leading-out terminal of three-phase commutation bridge is connected with the end of incoming cables of three phase inverter bridge by dc bus, dc bus
Negative pole directly connect, positive pole by sustained diode and therewith parallel connection resistance R connected with inverter bridge, the two of diode D
End is associated with small capacitances C1And C2To negative pole.The value of electric capacity is different in tens of to hundreds of microfarads according to power of motor, and using electrodeless
The non-electrolytic capacitor of property.The end of incoming cables of three-phase commutation bridge, the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge are formed with power network and motor connection respectively
Major loop.All gone here and there between the end of incoming cables of three-phase commutation bridge and power network, the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge and motor and power network and motor
There is contactless contactor, controller is connected with the voltage current phase detection module of power network output end, inverter bridge output end, and control
Device controls opening and shut-off for all of contactless contactor.
The end of incoming cables of three-phase electricity A, B, C and three-phase commutation bridge of power network is connected by contactless contactor SA, SB, SC, three-phase
The leading-out terminal of inverter bridge is connected by contactless contactor SU, SV, SW with motor U, V, W tri-, and three-phase electricity A, B of power network, C pass through
Contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are connected with motor U, V, W tri-.
When frequency control is used only as, contactor S1, S2, S3 disconnect, contactor SA, SB, SC and SU, SV, SW closure, on
Circuit is stated as common frequency converter.
When needing to be used as frequency conversion soft start, system is set to be operated in frequency control state with foregoing circuit first, until fast
Degree is reached near about power frequency, then square wave change frequency domain is operated in by controlling the state of main switch to be allowed to, while detecting power supply
With the state of switch, carve in due course and close contactor S1, S2, S3 by appropriate control program, contactor SA,
SB, SC and SU, SV, SW disconnect and realize that power frequency is bypassed.
A kind of control method of the General Converters without big electrochemical capacitor with adverse current resistance, comprises the following steps：
Contactless contactor SA, SB, SC of three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables and leading-out terminal SU, SV, SW closure of three phase inverter bridge,
Contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 between power network and motor disconnect, and be transformed to for alternating voltage by three-phase commutation bridge by line voltage
DC voltage, the voltage transformation of dc bus is again amplitude by three phase inverter bridge, the alternating voltage of frequency, phase-adjustable is to motor
Power supply；The conducting of microprocessor control inverter IGBT and shut-off, continuous frequency conversion control is carried out to motor.
During inverter IGBT is turned on shut-off, because motor has inductive load characteristic, portion of energy is had
Flow to dc bus.Traditional frequency converter this portion of energy is absorbed by bulky capacitor, so power of motor gets over bulky capacitor just
Can be bigger.
It is a feature of the present invention that consuming this portion of energy by setting resistance R on dc bus, accelerate motor electric leakage
Feel the consumption of the electric energy of storage.By the operation principle of asynchronous machine, rotor loop is always short circuit, therefore, resistance is set and is disappeared
The energy of consumption is only the instantaneous energy of motor electric leakage sense, so reasonable selection C1And C2And resistance R can make what is produced on bus
Pumping voltage is limited in allowed band, while the decay of leakage inductance can be reached most soon, and (its duration is controlled in several millis of zero point again
Second is smaller).Resistance is needed not move through when three phase inverter bridge is sent to by the DC voltage after three-phase commutation bridge, but is passed through
Diode flows to three-phase inverter, it is to avoid the energy ezpenditure of this part is on resistance.
The circuit can be also used for doing Electric Motor Soft-starter and use, and now microcontroller passes through voltage-phase detection module
Detection line voltage and the voltage parameter of three-phase inverter output, the electricity of voltage, frequency, phase and the inverter output when power network
When pressure, frequency, phase are consistent, microcontroller is in a certain order and regular, disconnects the contactor of three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables
Leading-out terminal SU, SV, SW of switch SA, SB, SC and three phase inverter bridge, and contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are closed, and make power network direct
Powered to motor, frequency converter can reach bypass functionality.
Operation principle of the invention is analyzed with reference to specific oscillogram：
Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) show common frequency power network voltage, and Fig. 3 (a) is power network three-phase phase voltage oscillogram, and Fig. 3 (b) is
Power network three-phase line voltage oscillogram, line voltage first pass through three-phase bridge can not control rectifying circuit be converted to direct current, due to straight
On stream bus without and big electrochemical capacitor, the 6 wave heads pulsation electricity consistent with power network three-phase line voltage is contained in direct current now
Pressure, such as Fig. 3 (c), the DC voltage containing pulsation is sent to inverter bridge by diode D, then with inverter bridge by DC voltage conversion
For frequency and voltage adjustable exchange supply electricity to motor and power.
When VVVF speed regulation is carried out to motor, it is necessary to control the upper and lower bridge arm alternate conduction of inverter, it is any certain
At one moment, there are three bridge arms to turn on, one IGBT conducting of upper bridge arm, two IGBT conductings of lower bridge arm, or upper bridge arm there are two
IGBT is turned on, and lower bridge arm has an IGBT to turn on.Because motor is inductive load, freewheel current is had when IGBT is turned on and switched
Produce, V1, V3 of such as upper bridge arm of three phase inverter bridge open V5 shut-offs, and V4, V6 shut-off V2 of lower bridge arm are open-minded, switch to bridge
V1, V3 shut-off V5 of arm are open-minded, and V4, V6 of lower bridge arm open V2 shut-offs, can produce freewheel current to DC side, and now direct current is female
Resistance on line can absorb this portion of energy, and the DC voltage obtained by three-phase commutation bridge is not required to when three phase inverter bridge is sent to
By resistance, but three-phase inverter is flowed to by diode.The energy ezpenditure of this part is avoided on resistance.
Worked as variable frequency soft starter：In fig. 2, it is connected between the output end of line voltage and three-phase commutation bridge and is contacted
Device switchs SA, SB, SC, the output end of inverter and contactless contactor SU, SV, SW, line voltage is connected to and load motor between
Contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are connected to and load motor between；Each contactor is opened and shut-off by microprocessor control；Power network
Voltage output end and inverter output end are all connected to voltage-phase detection module, and voltage-phase detection module and microcontroller connect
Connect, IGBT's opens and shut-off in microprocessor control inverter bridge；Due to retaining in dc bus side through the voltage after over commutation
Directly from the power network pulsating volage consistent with three-phase line voltage, complete after frequency modulation and voltage modulation starts, to be adjusted by phase in motor
Section makes inverter bridge output voltage consistent with electric network voltage phase, and microcontroller detects line voltage, inverter output voltage all the time
Frequency and phase, when microcontroller detect line voltage and inverter output electric voltage frequency, phase it is inconsistent when, contactor
Switch S1, S2, S3 are remained open, and contactless contactor SA, SB, SC and contactless contactor SU, SV, SW are remained closed, power network electricity
Pressure by frequency converter start motor, now microcontroller can according to pulsating volage by algorithm control IGBT open with shut-off,
It is consistent voltage, frequency and line voltage, frequency that inverter exports, when detecting when microcontroller detects line voltage
When consistent with the electric voltage frequency, phase that inverter is exported, microprocessor control contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are remained closed, then are broken
Contactless contactor SA, SB, SC and contactless contactor SU, SV, SW are opened, motor is directly connected in power network, now frequency converter can be moved back
Go out, complete bypass functionality.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance, it is characterised in that：Including three-phase commutation bridge, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electricity
Resistance R, sustained diode, three phase inverter bridge and microcontroller；The leading-out terminal of three-phase commutation bridge leads to the end of incoming cables of three phase inverter bridge
Dc bus connection is crossed, dc bus positive pole is connected by being parallel with sustained diode with the circuit of resistance R, electric capacity C1 and electricity
Hold C2 one end and be all connected with dc bus negative pole, the other end is connected to the two ends of resistance R and diode D；Three-phase commutation bridge
End of incoming cables, the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge form major loop with power network and motor connection respectively；The leading-out terminal of power network and motor
By bypassing connection between end of incoming cables；On the end of incoming cables of three-phase commutation bridge, on the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge, power network and motor it
Between bypass on be all in series with contactless contactor；Described microcontroller connects power network by two voltage-phase detection modules respectively
Output end, three phase inverter bridge output end, and microcontroller by drive circuit connect three phase inverter bridge and all of contactor
Switch.
2. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described electric capacity C1
Non-electrolytic capacitor is with electric capacity C2.
3. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described electric capacity C1
Capacitance with electric capacity C2 is not more than 1000uF.
4. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：A, B, C of power network
Three-phase is connected by three ends of incoming cables of contactless contactor SA, SB, SC and three-phase commutation bridge respectively, A, B, C three-phase separate of power network
Not Tong Guo contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 be connected with U, V, W tri- of motor, three leading-out terminals of three phase inverter bridge pass through respectively
Contactless contactor SU, SV, SW are connected with U, V, W tri- of motor.
5. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described three-phase is whole
Stream bridge is made up of six diodes.
6. a kind of General Converters with adverse current resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Three phase inverter bridge by
Six IGBT pipe fittings of parallel diode are constituted, and wherein IGBT pipes V1 and V4, IGBT pipe V3 and V6, IGBT pipe V5 and V2 distinguish structure
Into three groups of upper and lower bridge arms.
7. a kind of control method of the General Converters of the band adverse current resistance based on described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bag
Include following steps：
When frequency converter be used as frequency control when, contactless contactor SA, SB, SC of microprocessor control three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables and
Contactless contactor SU, SV, SW closure of the leading-out terminal of three phase inverter bridge, contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 between power network and motor
Disconnect, alternating voltage is transformed to DC voltage by line voltage by three-phase commutation bridge, and three phase inverter bridge is again by dc bus
Voltage transformation is amplitude, frequency, the alternating voltage of phase-adjustable are powered to motor；The inversion of microprocessor control three phase inverter bridge
The conducting of device IGBT and shut-off, continuous frequency conversion control is carried out to motor；
When being used as Electric Motor Soft-starter, microcontroller detects line voltage and three-phase by voltage-phase detection module
The voltage parameter of inverter output, the voltage, frequency, phase when power network is consistent with the voltage, frequency, phase that inverter is exported
When, microprocessor control disconnects contactless contactor SA, SB, SC of three-phase commutation bridge end of incoming cables and the outlet termination of three phase inverter bridge
Tentaculum switchs SU, SV, SW, and contactless contactor S1, S2, S3 are closed, and power network is powered directly to motor, and frequency converter reaches bypass
Function.
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| CN201611161622.8A CN106787967B (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2016-12-15 | Universal frequency converter with counter-current resistor and control method |
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| CN201611161622.8A CN106787967B (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2016-12-15 | Universal frequency converter with counter-current resistor and control method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107370420A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-21 | 西安西普电力电子有限公司 | A kind of soft initiator circuit of IGBT technologies |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107370420A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-21 | 西安西普电力电子有限公司 | A kind of soft initiator circuit of IGBT technologies |
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| CN106787967B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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