CN106785216A - A kind of battery temperature control - Google Patents
A kind of battery temperature control Download PDFInfo
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- CN106785216A CN106785216A CN201710036897.7A CN201710036897A CN106785216A CN 106785216 A CN106785216 A CN 106785216A CN 201710036897 A CN201710036897 A CN 201710036897A CN 106785216 A CN106785216 A CN 106785216A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery temperature control, including temperature collecting cell, temperature simulation unit, control unit and thermostat unit, wherein, temperature simulation unit is based on the predicted temperature that cell thermal model exports battery：Temperature collecting cell is used to gather the realistic temperature of some temperature measuring points for being distributed in battery；Control unit obtains the predicted temperature and realistic temperature, and the difference output temperature regulating command based on realistic temperature and predicted temperature is with actuation temperature adjustment unit.The present invention provides the control system that the temperature measured in a thermal model and reality is combined, selected by the comparing of analogue data and measured data, cooling device/heater can in time be controlled carries out temperature adjustment to battery, reverse amendment is carried out to thermal model to improve the stability of system based on measured data simultaneously, is conducive to carrying out effective temperature treatment to battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery temperature control, belong to field of batteries.
Background technology
In recent years, come into operation extensively with pure electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle that battery is main power resources.This
Kind emerging vehicles are valued by people with its low-carbon emission, the characteristics of Portable energy-saving.But the hair of electric motor car at this stage
Exhibition is significantly limited by the stability of electrokinetic cell, the factor such as security and service life, wherein what is protruded the most is electricity
The influence of pond operating temperature.In order to ensure that battery occurs without potential safety hazard while improving its performance to greatest extent, in electric motor car fortune
During row, battery temperature needs to be maintained within a certain range.Battery hot-spot or bulk temperature distribution are inconsistent all
May cause electrode material that irreversible change occurs even to disintegrate, trigger thermal runaway.Accordingly, it would be desirable to battery thermal management system is to electricity
The heat production and radiating in pond carry out real-time monitoring and control, to ensure the normal operation of electric motor car.
Be to the heat management majority of battery of electric vehicle at present by temperature sensor battery surface temperature is monitored from
And control cooling system switch pattern, because the phase transformation of material is changed along with substantial amounts of ability, in battery charge and discharge process
The heat of release can be absorbed and is stored in phase-change material, be converted into the interior energy of material, so as to reach rapid reduction battery
The purpose of temperature.This cooling system control model based on monitoring temperature deposits shortcoming both ways：One is for monitoring
Temperature sensor cannot cover each corner and inside battery in battery case, simultaneously because each component package, most cases
Under can only be positioned over battery electrode column position, therefore when battery heat management system when occurring the situation of hot-spot elsewhere without
Method is controlled；Two is that the startup of Temperature-controlled appliance (such as fan or heater) has certain hysteresis quality in itself, acute when occurring
During strong thermal runaway situation, it is impossible to make reply in time.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of battery temperature control.
On the one hand the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of battery temperature control, including temperature collecting cell, temperature
Degree analogue unit, control unit and thermostat unit, wherein, temperature simulation unit is based on the pre- of cell thermal model output battery
Testing temperature：Temperature collecting cell is used to gather the realistic temperature of some temperature measuring points for being distributed in battery；Control unit is obtained
The predicted temperature and realistic temperature, the difference output temperature regulating command based on realistic temperature and predicted temperature is with actuation temperature
Adjustment unit.
Preferably, the cell thermal model is based on formula：
Temperature governing equationC in formulapMean heat capacity and averag density, K are respectively with ρ
It is battery material heat transfer parameter, Q is volume rate of heat production,It is the derivation of temperature T and time t,It is vector differentiating operator；
Boundary conditionN is the normal vector of battery surface in formula, and to point to outside battery, h is table in direction
Face heat transfer coefficient, T∞It is the environment temperature of battery；
Rate of heat productionI in formula, EocRepresent the electric current of battery, open circuit electricity respectively with U
Pressure and terminal voltage,It is Entropy Changes temperature coefficient；Primary condition T (x, y, z, t)=T0, x, y, z is cell thermal model in formula
Coordinate system, t is the time, under original state, t=0, T0It is initial temperature；Based on limited element analysis technique calculate battery temperature with
The delta data of time, labeled as battery predictive temperature.
Preferably, described control unit is based on the high temperature person between difference selection realistic temperature and predicted temperature, and it is right to obtain
The temperature variation data answered, if it greater than cooling threshold value then based on PI controls or PID control thermostat unit cooling battery
To keep battery temperature in default threshold value；Described control unit is based on difference and selects between realistic temperature and predicted temperature
Low temperature person, obtains corresponding temperature variation data, PI or PID actuation temperature adjustment units are then based on if less than heating threshold value
Heating battery is keeping battery temperature in default threshold value.
Preferably, the threshold value includes being used for the prompting threshold value for giving a warning and the safety threshold automatically powered off for triggering
Value, the thermostat unit obtains corresponding temperature variation data, controls temperature-adjusting device or relay to keep battery
Temperature is in default threshold value.
Preferably, described control unit is additionally operable to based on difference output model more new command to adjust cell thermal model, its
Step includes：Record difference number of times and difference data, when difference data is continuously positive or negative in the difference number of times of setting, with
Based on temperature field position residing for realistic temperature measurement point corresponding with its, temperature governing equation is updated.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are to provide the control system that the temperature measured in a thermal model and reality is combined, and are passed through
Analogue data is selected with the comparing of measured data, can in time control cooling device/heater to carry out temperature adjustment to battery,
Simultaneously reverse amendment is carried out to thermal model to improve the stability of system based on measured data, be conducive to carrying out battery effective
Temperature treatment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show a kind of battery temperature control schematic diagram based on the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 show the threedimensional model schematic diagram based on the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described with reference to embodiments.
Based on inventive embodiment, a kind of battery temperature control as shown in Figure 1, including temperature collecting cell, temperature
Analogue unit, control unit and thermostat unit, wherein, temperature simulation unit is based on the prediction that cell thermal model exports battery
Temperature：Temperature collecting cell is used to gather the realistic temperature of some temperature measuring points for being distributed in battery；Control unit obtains institute
Predicted temperature and realistic temperature are stated, the difference output temperature regulating command based on realistic temperature and predicted temperature is adjusted with actuation temperature
Section unit.
Positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) is attached at battery plus-negative plate pole position, by Real-time Collection battery
The change in resistance of each PTC probe and temperature value is converted to according to phasing meter under working condition, by the temperature information of each battery cell
Record and be transferred to temperature simulation unit and control unit.
The cell thermal model is based on formula：
Temperature governing equationC in formulapMean heat capacity and averag density, K are respectively with ρ
It is battery material heat transfer parameter, Q is volume rate of heat production,It is the derivation of temperature T and time t,It is vector differentiating operator；
Boundary conditionN is the normal vector of battery surface in formula, and to point to outside battery, h is table in direction
Face heat transfer coefficient, T∞It is the environment temperature of battery；
Battery cell is divided into several small infinitesimals (controlling volume), infinitesimal is most I computing unit, is possessed
Even unified Temperature Distribution；Define to calculate by boundary condition afterwards and be located at geometrical model boundary infinitesimal temperature, further according to energy
Amount law of conservation carries out temperature field modeling respectively to each adjacent system infinitesimal, and to the rate of heat production inside infinitesimal, infinitesimal
Thermal conduction rate between infinitesimal and carried out by the exchange rate of convection current with external environment in battery surface infinitesimal
Calculate, the Temperature Distribution that step by step calculation goes out at each position of whole battery pack, form continuous temperature field；For whole infinitesimal
Body, follows conservation of energy formula dQ inside ita=dQ+dQg(2), wherein QaThe heat for absorbing, Q are raised by infinitesimal temperature
It is the net heat in incoming micro unit, QgFor the total amount of heat that micro unit endogenous pyrogen is produced；Threedimensional model as shown in Figure 2, in x directions
On heat through input：
By formula dQx=qxDydzdt (4),
dQx+dx=qx+dxDydzdt (5),
Obtained with reference to formula (4) (5) (3)In y and z side
Upwards similarly, the energy conservation equation on three directions is merged, can be obtained：
According to Fourier heat equation, in the x directionIn the y and z directions similarly, by three directions
On conduction velocity equation substitute into formula (7), obtain the net heat of incoming micro unit：
Raising institute's calorific requirement in infinitesimal body temperature isWith reference to formula (1)
(8) (9) obtain
Based on boundary condition, primary condition T (x, y, z, 0)=T0, wherein Cp and ρ is respectively each compositing area of inside battery
Mean heat capacity and averag density, through measuring, its value is respectively 993.93J/ (kgK) and 1960.5kg/m3；K is electricity
The heat transfer parameter of pond internal material, comprising along its value of the Kz on cylindrical battery axial direction about 70.29W/ (mK) and along battery
Kx radially, Ky its value is about 1.31W/ (mK), and T0 is the initial temperature of inside battery, by the various numerical value of actual test
A models for temperature field can be set up.
Rate of heat productionI in formula, EocRepresent the electricity of battery respectively with U
Stream, open-circuit voltage and terminal voltage,It is Entropy Changes temperature coefficient；Primary condition T (x, y, z, t)=T0, x, y, z is battery in formula
The coordinate system of thermal model, t is the time, under original state, t=0, T0It is initial temperature；Battery is calculated based on limited element analysis technique
Change with time data in temperature field, labeled as battery predictive temperature.
Environment temperature T∞Constant is 20 DEG C, and Entropy Changes temperature coefficient is about 0.5mV/K.The wherein open-circuit voltage of battery and end is electric
Pressure is the state-of-charge i.e. function of SOC, can be obtained with actual test or be obtained based on ampere-hour method, while according to actual test
Data obtain the temperature that inside battery various pieces change with discharge and recharge time change.
Described control unit is based on the high temperature person between difference selection realistic temperature and predicted temperature, obtains corresponding temperature
Delta data, then cools down battery to keep electricity if it greater than cooling threshold value based on PI controls or PID control thermostat unit
Pond temperature is in default threshold value；Described control unit is based on the low temperature person between difference selection realistic temperature and predicted temperature,
Corresponding temperature variation data is obtained, electricity is then heated based on PI or PID actuation temperatures adjustment unit if less than heating threshold value
Pond is keeping battery temperature in default threshold value.
Obtain after corresponding temperature variation data, contrast corresponding cooling threshold value (i.e. higher than certain temperature, it is necessary to cold
But) and heating threshold value (i.e. less than certain temperature, it is necessary to heat), carry out alignment processing, or first judge realistic temperature/pre- thermometric
Degree judges that realistic temperature/predicted temperature (selects its temperature low less than heating threshold value higher than cooling threshold value (selecting its temperature person high)
Person).
The variation tendency and numerical value of predicted temperature and realistic temperature are obtained, battery temperature is carried out based on pid control mode
Negative feedback control.
The threshold value includes being used for the prompting threshold value for giving a warning and the secure threshold automatically powered off for triggering, the temperature
Degree adjustment unit obtains corresponding temperature variation data, controls temperature-adjusting device or relay to keep battery temperature default
Threshold value in.
When battery temperature peak (or being so the target of PID control when having this to tend to) exceedes high-temperature threshold
When, issue the user with high temperature alarm and open fan swicth；When battery temperature peak exceed temperature percent high threshold value when, cut-out after
Electrical equipment forces power-off；When battery temperature minimum is less than low temperature threshold value, issues the user with low temperature and alert and open heater；
When battery temperature minimum is less than temperature lower threshold, block system relay forces power-off.
Described control unit is additionally operable to based on difference output model more new command to adjust cell thermal model, its step bag
Include：Record difference number of times and difference data, when difference data is continuously positive or negative in the difference number of times of setting, with real temperature
Based on temperature field position residing for degree measurement point corresponding with its, temperature governing equation is updated.
With service time of battery, there is the change of property, this when, original temperature mould set up in the meeting of inside battery
The precision of type can be reduced, this when, be according to existing realistic temperature come correction model, when temperature difference is chronically at same change
Such as during trend, continuous 100 times is all that realistic temperature is high, little with time difference value change, then illustrate that model needs to update, according to existing
The position of real temperature sensor corresponding with its, binding model reversely changes the parameters such as heat transfer parameter to correct temperature model
This formula.
The above, simply presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned implementation method, as long as
It reaches technique effect of the invention with identical means, should all belong to protection scope of the present invention.In protection model of the invention
Its technical scheme and/or implementation method can have a variety of modifications and variations in enclosing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of battery temperature control, it is characterised in that including temperature collecting cell, temperature simulation unit, control unit
And thermostat unit, wherein,
Temperature simulation unit is based on the predicted temperature that cell thermal model exports battery：
Temperature collecting cell is used to gather the realistic temperature of some temperature measuring points for being distributed in battery；
Control unit obtains the predicted temperature and realistic temperature, and the difference output temperature based on realistic temperature and predicted temperature is adjusted
Section instruction is with actuation temperature adjustment unit.
2. a kind of battery temperature control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cell thermal model is based on public affairs
Formula：
Temperature governing equationC in formulapMean heat capacity and averag density are respectively with ρ, K is electricity
Pond material heat transfer parameter, Q is volume rate of heat production,It is the derivation of temperature T and time t,It is vector differentiating operator；
Boundary conditionN is the normal vector of battery surface in formula, and direction is to point to outside battery, h
It is surface coefficient of heat transfer, T∞It is the environment temperature of battery；
Rate of heat productionI in formula, EocRepresent the electric current of battery respectively with U, open-circuit voltage and
Terminal voltage,It is Entropy Changes temperature coefficient；
Primary condition T (x, y, z, t)=T0, x, y, z is the coordinate system of cell thermal model in formula, and t is the time, under original state, t
=0, T0It is initial temperature；
Battery temperature field is calculated based on limited element analysis technique to change with time data, labeled as battery predictive temperature.
3. a kind of battery temperature control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described control unit is based on difference
High temperature person between selection realistic temperature and predicted temperature, obtains corresponding temperature variation data, if it greater than cooling threshold value
Then based on PI controls or PID control thermostat unit cooling battery keeping battery temperature in default threshold value；
Described control unit is based on the low temperature person between difference selection realistic temperature and predicted temperature, obtains corresponding temperature change
Data, then heat battery to keep battery temperature to exist if less than heating threshold value based on PI or PID actuation temperatures adjustment unit
In default threshold value.
4. a kind of battery temperature control according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the threshold value is included for sending
The prompting threshold value of warning and the secure threshold automatically powered off for triggering, the thermostat unit obtain corresponding temperature change
Data, control temperature-adjusting device or relay are keeping battery temperature in default threshold value.
5. a kind of battery temperature control according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described control unit is additionally operable to base
In difference output model more new command to adjust cell thermal model, its step includes：
Record difference number of times and difference data, when difference data is continuously positive or negative in the difference number of times of setting, with reality
Based on temperature field position residing for temperature measurement point corresponding with its, temperature governing equation is updated.
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| CN107069144A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-18 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of batteries of electric automobile humidity control system and method |
| CN109065983A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 苏州万瑞达电气有限公司 | A kind of battery simulator temperature rise curve self learning system |
| CN109301380A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-02-01 | 重庆工业职业技术学院 | Lithium power battery heat dissipation device and method for electric automobile |
| CN109524732A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-26 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of battery temperature acquisition methods and device |
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| CN111710935A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆金康新能源汽车有限公司 | Battery temperature management system, method and computer system |
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