CN106784922B - Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current - Google Patents
Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106784922B CN106784922B CN201710082496.5A CN201710082496A CN106784922B CN 106784922 B CN106784922 B CN 106784922B CN 201710082496 A CN201710082496 A CN 201710082496A CN 106784922 B CN106784922 B CN 106784922B
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- lithium battery
- sheet
- cell stack
- graphite plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a cold starting device for heating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using a graphite plate to electrify direct current, which comprises a lithium battery pack, a fuel cell stack and a variable-voltage sheet charger; the fuel cell stack is composed of a plurality of fuel cell sheets which are arranged in a stacked manner; a water tank sealing gasket is arranged between two adjacent fuel cell sheets in the fuel cell stack, two sides of the water tank sealing gasket are respectively provided with an aluminum sheet, one part of the aluminum sheet is clamped between the two fuel cell sheets, the other part of the aluminum sheet is exposed out of the fuel cell sheets, and a binding post hole is arranged on the exposed part of the aluminum sheet; a thermocouple is fixed on the positive graphite plate and connected to a temperature controller, and a manual control bypass is arranged between the lithium battery pack and the temperature controller; the fuel cell stack is connected with the lithium battery pack and the temperature controller in series through two aluminum sheets to form a first loop; the fuel cell stack, the variable-voltage sheet charger and the temperature controller are connected in series to form a second loop. The battery can be successfully started at a low temperature under the condition of not changing the structure of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cold start and heating device for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
The contradiction between the increasing energy consumption demands and the increasingly depleted fossil energy sources has become increasingly prominent in recent years. The fuel cell is used as a clean energy conversion device to directly convert chemical energy into electric energy, so that the fuel cell has higher energy conversion efficiency. Among the fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells have the advantages of high energy density, low working temperature, no pollutant emission and the like, and become a hot spot for research in countries around the world. However, the cold start capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is one of the major bottleneck technologies in their commercialization process. The solutions to the problem of cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at present mainly include the following: 1. arranging an electric heating wire inside the battery, for example, arranging the electric heating wire on the surface of the membrane electrode or on the outer side of the current collecting plate; 2. a circulating water heating system is added outside the battery, and the battery is heated before or during cold start; 3. the self-starting of the fuel cell is realized by fully utilizing the heat released by the electrochemical reaction in the cell. In the first two methods, firstly, the battery structure needs to be modified, and secondly, the arrangement of the electric heating wires can increase the internal resistance of the battery, reduce the performance of the battery and even destroy the membrane electrode. In respect of the third method, researches show that the cold start mode using the electrochemical reaction heat can only be successfully started at a relatively high temperature (about-5-0 ℃), and the start mode cannot meet the requirements in the aspect of practical application of the fuel cell. Therefore, techniques for improving the cold start capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells have yet to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a cold starting device for heating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using a graphite plate to electrify direct current, which can realize successful cold starting of the cell at a lower temperature under the condition of not changing the structure of the cell.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cold starting device for heating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using a graphite plate to electrify direct current, which comprises a lithium battery pack, a fuel cell stack and a lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger, wherein the lithium battery pack is connected with the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell stack is composed of a plurality of fuel cell sheets which are arranged in a stacked manner; among two adjacent fuel cell sheets in the fuel cell stack, a water tank sealing gasket is arranged between one surface of a positive graphite plate of one fuel cell sheet, which is provided with a water tank, and a smooth surface of a negative graphite plate of the other fuel cell sheet, two sides of the water tank sealing gasket are respectively provided with an aluminum sheet, one part of the aluminum sheet is clamped between the two fuel cell sheets, the other part of the aluminum sheet is exposed out of the fuel cell sheets, and a binding post hole is arranged on the exposed part of the aluminum sheet; the thermocouple is fixed on the positive electrode graphite plate and connected to a temperature controller, the temperature controller is a thermistor relay controller, the thermistor relay controller comprises an electromagnetic relay, and the thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature change of the positive electrode graphite plate and controlling the electromagnetic relay to be attracted or released; a manual control bypass is arranged between the lithium battery pack and the thermistor relay controller, and a manual control switch is arranged on the manual control bypass; the fuel cell stack is connected with the lithium battery pack and the thermistor relay controller in series through two aluminum sheets to form a first loop; the fuel cell stack, the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger and the thermistor relay controller are connected in series to form a second loop; the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger is connected between the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery pack.
Further, in the invention, the binding post holes arranged on the aluminum sheet are used for being connected with the wires by bolt extrusion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the prior art, in the process of researching cold start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, how to heat the fuel cell rapidly is mainly considered to be a heating wire and hot water mode, and the resistance is increased due to the need of changing the structure of the cell, and in addition, the heating speed of the fuel cell through a heating medium is relatively slow. The invention starts from the practical solution of the cold start process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, fully utilizes the graphite plate of the fuel cell as an ideal heating element, and designs the special automatic control circuit by testing the resistance value of the graphite plate and the resistance value of the lead through experiments. Meanwhile, the lithium battery pack is used for electrifying and heating the graphite plate cooled by the liquid nitrogen, so that the temperature rise of the graphite plate is quick, and the feasibility of the device is proved. According to the technical scheme, the self structure of the battery is not required to be changed, the working condition of the battery is not influenced, a small amount of cheap devices are added, and the battery is transformed into the fuel cell which is heated by applying direct current to lithium electricity to generate ohmic heat to a graphite plate in the cold starting process, so that the success of cold starting of the battery at a lower temperature is realized. The method is suitable for vehicle-mounted fuel cell cold start and other fuel cell start applications.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold start apparatus for a PEM fuel cell of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an aluminum sheet inserted into a fuel cell sheet according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of the aluminum sheet shown in the drawing after insertion into a fuel cell sheet.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-fuel cell stack, a 2-thermocouple, a 3-thermistor relay controller, a 4-manual control switch, a 5-lithium battery pack, a 6-lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger, 7-binding post holes, 8-aluminum sheets, 91-positive graphite plates, 92-negative graphite plates and 10-water tank sealing gaskets.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, which are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The design concept of the invention is that an essential component in a fuel cell is a flow channel graphite plate, which is used to supply hydrogen or air and conduct current and heat. Therefore, the resistance of the graphite sheet is relatively small as a conductor, but the graphite sheet can still be used as a heating element having a resistance value in a series circuit, compared with a good conductor such as a copper wire aluminum wire. Further, since the resistance value of the graphite sheet is relatively small, the heat generation power generated at a certain voltage is relatively large. In the practical application of the fuel cell, direct current is directly connected to the graphite plate, so that cold start can be realized quickly and conveniently. Firstly, because the heating element adopts the fuel cell component, the structure of the fuel cell is not required to be changed, and the fuel cell has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency. And secondly, accessories required by the heating mode are cheap and easy to obtain, so that the cost of cold start of the fuel cell is reduced. Thirdly, the fuel cell can charge the lithium battery pack through the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger, so that autonomy of the fuel cell system is realized.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention proposesThe cold starting device for heating the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using the direct current of the graphite plate comprises a lithium battery pack 5, a fuel cell stack 1, a thermocouple 2, a temperature controller and a manual control switch 4, and a lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger 6 for charging the lithium battery pack 5 by the fuel cell stack 1, wherein the lithium battery pack 5 is connected with the fuel cell stack 1. The fuel cell stack 1 is constituted by a plurality of fuel cell sheets arranged in a stacked manner. Among two adjacent fuel cell sheets in the fuel cell stack 1, a water tank sealing gasket 10 is arranged between one surface of a positive graphite plate 91 of one fuel cell sheet and a smooth surface of a negative graphite plate 92 of the other fuel cell sheet, two sides of the water tank sealing gasket 10 are respectively provided with an aluminum sheet 8, one part of the aluminum sheet 8 is clamped between the two fuel cell sheets, and the other part of the aluminum sheet 8 is exposed out of the fuel cell sheets, as shown in fig. 2, in order to reduce contact resistance, a binding post hole 7 is formed in the exposed part of the aluminum sheet 8, a copper wire and the aluminum sheet 8 are pressed together by bolts, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the resistance of the wire, the copper wire is not suitable for being too long. As shown in fig. 3, in the present invention, an aluminum sheet 8 having a resistance smaller than that of a graphite sheet is used, and when the fuel cell stack 1 is assembled, the aluminum sheet 8 and the water tank sealing gasket 10 are pressed between the positive graphite sheet 91 and the negative graphite sheet 92 of the adjacent two fuel cell sheets. These two graphite sheets are not a group of fuel cell sheet air flow passage graphite sheets and hydrogen flow passage graphite sheets but an air flow passage graphite sheet (positive electrode graphite sheet 91) and a hydrogen flow passage graphite sheet (negative electrode graphite sheet 92) of two adjacent fuel cell sheets. The purpose of this is to prevent the aluminium sheet 8 from causing damage due to shorting of the anode and cathode of the same fuel cell sheet. As shown in fig. 1, the thermocouple 2 is fixed with the positive graphite plate 91, the thermocouple 2 is connected to the temperature controller, the temperature controller is a thermistor relay controller 3, the thermistor relay controller 3 comprises an electromagnetic relay, and the thermocouple 2 is used for measuring the temperature change of the positive graphite plate 91 and controlling the electromagnetic relay to be attracted or released. A manual control bypass is arranged between the lithium battery pack 5 and the thermistor relay controller 3, and the manual control switch 4 is arranged on the manual control bypass. The fuel cell stack 1 passes through the aboveTwo aluminum sheets 8 are connected in series with the lithium battery pack 5 and the thermistor relay controller 3 to form a first loop, as shown by a two-dot chain line in fig. 1; the fuel cell stack 1, the lithium battery variable-voltage chip charger 6 and the thermistor relay controller 3 are connected in series to form a second loop, as shown by a dotted line and a two-dot chain line connected with the dotted line in fig. 1; the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger 6 is connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the lithium battery pack 5 as shown by a solid line in fig. 1. In the invention, the working low temperature 1 ℃ of the thermistor relay controller 3 is set in consideration of the problem of the temperature measurement supercooling degree of the thermocouple 2 and the problem of the temperature measurement precision 0.5 ℃ of the thermistor relay controller 3, and the high temperature disconnection temperature of the temperature controller is set to 10 ℃ in consideration of the problem that the heated graphite plate (positive electrode graphite plate 91) radiates heat to other graphite plates and the environment. The resistance of the single-chip graphite plate is 2 omega, the working voltage of the single-chip lithium battery is 3.2V, and the series working voltage of the two lithium batteries is 6.4V. According to p=u 2 And R, calculating the heating power to be 20.48W, and experimentally testing the temperature rise speed of the graphite plate to be 0.8 ℃/s.
The working process of the cold starting device for heating the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using the graphite plate to electrify direct current is as follows:
the lithium battery pack 5 is connected in series with a certain number of fuel cell sheet graphite plates (one positive electrode graphite plate 91 in one fuel cell sheet and a negative electrode graphite plate 92 in the fuel cell sheet adjacent to the fuel cell sheet) and a temperature controller (a sensitive resistor relay controller comprising an electromagnetic relay) in the fuel cell stack 1 and the manual control switch 4. The manual control switch 4 is closed firstly, the lithium battery pack 5 and the thermistor relay controller 3 form a closed loop, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is detected to be lower than the normal starting temperature of the fuel cell, and the electromagnetic relay of the temperature controller is attracted, so that a graphite plate and a cell in the fuel cell stack 1 are stacked to form a closed circuit, ohmic heat is generated after the graphite plate is electrified, and the graphite plate is heated. When the thermocouple detects that the heating temperature of the graphite plate is higher than the set temperature of the thermistor relay controller, the electromagnetic relay of the thermistor relay controller is released, and the electrifying circuit of the graphite plate is disconnected. The environment temperature of the fuel cell caused by the graphite plate after being electrified and heated is higher than the normal starting temperature of the fuel cell. After successful start-up of some of the heated fuel cell sheets, the heat generated by the fuel cell chemical reaction itself continues to heat the entire fuel cell stack 1 until the fuel cell stack 1 is successfully started up. The electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack 1 charges the lithium battery pack 5 through the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger 6, so that the next cold start is facilitated.
The invention starts from the practical solution of the cold starting process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, does not change the structure of the cell, does not influence the working condition of the cell, adds a little cheap device, and is transformed into the lithium battery to apply direct current to generate ohmic heat to the graphite plate to heat the fuel cell in the cold starting process.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which fall within the protection of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The cold starting device for heating the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using the direct current of the graphite plate comprises a lithium battery pack (5), a fuel cell stack (1) and a lithium battery variable-voltage piece charger (6), wherein the lithium battery pack (5) is connected with the fuel cell stack (1); the fuel cell stack (1) is composed of a plurality of fuel cell sheets arranged in a stacked manner; the method is characterized in that:
among two adjacent fuel cell sheets in the fuel cell stack (1), a water tank sealing gasket (10) is arranged between one surface of a positive graphite plate (91) of one fuel cell sheet and a smooth surface of a negative graphite plate (92) of the other fuel cell sheet, two sides of the water tank sealing gasket (10) are respectively provided with an aluminum sheet (8), one part of the aluminum sheet (8) is clamped between the two fuel cell sheets, the other part of the aluminum sheet (8) is exposed out of the fuel cell sheets, a binding post hole (7) is formed in the exposed part of the aluminum sheet (8), and the binding post hole (7) formed in the aluminum sheet (8) is connected with a lead by bolt extrusion;
a thermocouple (2) is fixed on the positive graphite plate (91), the thermocouple (2) is connected to a temperature controller, the temperature controller is a thermistor relay controller (3), the thermistor relay controller (3) comprises an electromagnetic relay, and the thermocouple (2) is used for measuring the temperature change of the positive graphite plate (91) and controlling the electromagnetic relay to be attracted or released; a manual control bypass is arranged between the lithium battery pack (5) and the thermistor relay controller (3), and a manual control switch (4) is arranged on the manual control bypass;
the temperature measurement precision of the thermistor relay controller (3) is 0.5 ℃, the working low-temperature is 1 ℃, and the high-temperature disconnection temperature is 10 ℃;
the fuel cell stack (1) is connected with the lithium battery pack (5) and the thermistor relay controller (3) in series through two aluminum sheets (8) to form a first loop;
the fuel cell stack (1), the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger (6) and the thermistor relay controller (3) are connected in series to form a second loop;
the lithium battery variable-voltage sheet charger (6) is connected between the fuel cell stack (1) and the lithium battery pack (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710082496.5A CN106784922B (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-02-15 | Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710082496.5A CN106784922B (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-02-15 | Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current |
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| CN106784922A CN106784922A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106784922B true CN106784922B (en) | 2023-09-22 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109904487B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2021-07-09 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and vehicle thereof |
| CN109686996A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | A kind of quick cold-starting device and method of fuel cell |
| CN115000461A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-02 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell stack cold start system and low-temperature cold start control method |
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