CN106781913B - A method of galvanometer tilt angle in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating - Google Patents
A method of galvanometer tilt angle in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of galvanometer tilt angle in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating, comprising: provides electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating and the mobile phone with camera and gyroscope；The image including at least one distinguishing mark is shot using mobile phone；Divide and correct the image of the distinguishing mark；Obtain the boundary curve of 32 image of distinguishing mark；According to the boundary curve of the distinguishing mark, the angle of the galvanometer and horizontal plane is judged.The method of the present invention is judged by the angle to galvanometer and horizontal plane, can determine whether apparatus for demonstrating needs adjustment again, to not only ensure that the correctness of demonstration, but also the energy apparatus for demonstrating of adjustment in time, improves working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetism demonstration equipment technical field, stream is examined in specially a kind of monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating
The method for counting tilt angle.
Background technique
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics, originates from modern age.The electromagnetism of broad sense can be described as comprising electricity and magnetic
It learns, but is one for narrow sense and inquires into the electrically subject with magnetic interactive relation, electric magnetisation can be all related in senior middle school of junior middle school
With the teaching of the raw electricity of magnetic, teacher generally can carry out the raw electricity of magnetic and electric magnetisation obtains demonstration, and used equipment is typically all
Hand-made, device seems more simple and crude and larger by external interference, and effect is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating in galvanometer tilt angle method,
It is more simple and crude to solve device mentioned above in the background art, effect relatively poor problem larger by external interference.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, the present invention provides a kind of method for monitoring galvanometer tilt angle, it is characterised in that:
Step 000: providing a kind of electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating and the mobile phone with camera and gyroscope, wherein institute
Stating electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating includes galvanometer (17), and galvanometer (17) is connected with backboard (31), and the backboard (31) is coated with
One or more distinguishing marks (32)；The distinguishing mark (32) is rectangle, when galvanometer is in normal operating conditions, institute
The angle of the long side and horizontal plane of stating distinguishing mark (32) is greater than first threshold and is less than second threshold；
Step 100: including the image of at least one distinguishing mark (32) using mobile phone shooting；
Step 200: dividing the image of the distinguishing mark (32), according to the gyroscope information of mobile phone, correct the identification
Indicate (32) image；
Step 300: the boundary curve of 32 image of distinguishing mark described in obtaining step 200；
Step 400: according to the boundary curve of the distinguishing mark 32, judging the distinguishing mark (32) long side and horizontal plane
Angle, comprising:
Axis of ordinates is established perpendicular to the rectangular coordinate system of ground level, chooses the horizontal seat on distinguishing mark (32) boundary curve
Mark max min is denoted as xmaxAnd xmin, separately taking abscissa on distinguishing mark (32) boundary curve respectively is xmin、 xmax's
Point, wherein m is the number of abscissa；The minimum and maximum point of ordinate is chosen in the identical point of every group of abscissa, sum is set as n
A, coordinate is denoted as (x respectively1x,y1y)、(x2x,y2y)...(xnx,yny), wherein i-th point of coordinate is (xix,yiy), it asks with this
N point is the coordinate (x of the polygon center of gravity O on vertexo,yo), calculation formula are as follows:
Remember that abscissa is x on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing markminIt is x with abscissamaxPoint be respectively X1(xmin,yX1) and
X2(xmax,yX2), the ordinate max min chosen on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing mark is denoted as ymaxAnd ymin, distinguishing mark
Ordinate is y on 32 boundary curvesminIt is y with ordinatemaxPoint be respectively Y1(xY1,ymin) and Y2(xY2,ymax), connect straight line
X1O and straight line X2O calculates straight line X1O and straight line X2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line1, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E1Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line Y1O and straight line Y2O calculates straight line
Y1O and straight line Y2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line2, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E2Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line X1X2And Y1Y2Available intersection point A,
Make angle X1AY1Angular bisector be denoted as Z, calculate the angle of straight line Z and axis of ordinatesAs distinguishing mark
(32) angle of long side and horizontal plane, calculation formula are as follows:
Step 500: if the angle of distinguishing mark (32) long side and horizontal plane is greater than first threshold and less than the second threshold
Value, then can be demonstrated, if the angle of mark (32) long side and horizontal plane is less than first threshold or is greater than the second threshold
Value, then adjustment apparatus for demonstrating again.
In some cases, the electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating includes device noumenon；The installation of described device body interior
There is electric magnetisation device, battery is installed on the upside of the electricity magnetisation device, run switch, the storage are installed on the upside of the battery
Battery is connect by conducting wire with slide rheostat, is equipped with iron block inside the electricity magnetisation device, is wound on the outside of the iron block
Conducting wire, described conducting wire one end are connect with battery, and the iron block side is equipped with needle, and it is raw that described device body interior installs magnetic
Electric installation is equipped with magnet inside the magnetic electric generating devcie, and motion bar, peace immediately below the magnet are welded on the upside of the magnet
Equipped with coil, the coil both ends constitute circuit by conducting wire and light bulb, and described device outer body is equipped with insulation crust, institute
It states and is coated with antistatic backing on the inside of device noumenon.
Preferably, galvanometer is installed, the galvanometer is connected by conducting wire with coil inside the magnetic electric generating devcie.
Preferably, detection power supply is installed inside the electric magnetisation device, the detection power supply pass through conducting wire and light bulb into
Row series connection.
Preferably, the magnet top is equipped with spring, and the spring one end is connect with insulation crust.
Preferably, current transfer device is installed inside the electric magnetisation device, the current transfer device passes through conducting wire
It is electrically connected with battery.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: galvanometer can detecte the high sensitivity of faint electricity
Electromechanical indicating meters, for electric bridge, nulling instrument is used as in potential difference meter, it can also be used to micrometer weak current, voltage and
Charge etc., when magnetic electric generating devcie electric current more weak tendency can carry out detection electric current by galvanometer, detection power supply can be raw to magnetic
Circuit inside electricity is detected, and prevents from influencing experimental result due to internal circuit problem, and when motion bar is pressed, spring is upheld,
When unclamping motion bar, spring can help magnet to reset rapidly, carry out next round experiment, and current converter can be to the raw Denso of magnetic
It sets internal current direction to be converted, to verify electric current effect caused by the electric current of different directions.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of internal structure of the invention；
The position Fig. 3 galvanometer structural schematic diagram of the invention.
In figure: 1- device noumenon；2- run switch；3- current transfer device；4- slide rheostat；5- motion bar；6- glass
Glass window；7- detects power supply；8- insulation crust；9- electricity magnetisation device；10- antistatic backing；11- conducting wire；12- iron block；13- needle；
14- magnet；15- coil；16- spring；17- galvanometer；18- light bulb；19- magnetic electric generating devcie；20- battery；31- backboard；32-
Distinguishing mark.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are please referred to, a kind of embodiment provided by the invention: a kind of electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating, including device
Ontology 1；Electric magnetisation device 9 is installed inside device noumenon 1, battery 20,20 upside of battery are installed on the upside of electric magnetisation device 9
Run switch 2 is installed, battery 20 is connect by conducting wire 11 with slide rheostat 4, is equipped with iron block inside electric magnetisation device 9
12, conducting wire 11 is wound on the outside of iron block 12, and 11 one end of conducting wire is connect with battery 20, and 12 side of iron block is equipped with needle 13, dress
Installation magnetic electric generating devcie 19 inside ontology 1 is set, magnet 14 is installed inside magnetic electric generating devcie 19, is welded with activity on the upside of magnet 14
Bar 5, is equipped with coil 15 immediately below magnet 14, and 15 both ends of coil constitute circuit by conducting wire 11 and light bulb 18, outside device noumenon 1
Side is equipped with insulation crust 8, and antistatic backing 10 is coated on the inside of device noumenon 1.
Galvanometer 17 is installed, galvanometer 17 is connected by conducting wire 11 with coil 15, and electricity is worked as inside magnetic electric generating devcie 19
It can be detected by galvanometer for weak tendency.
Particularly, galvanometer 17 is also connected with backboard 31, and the backboard 31 is coated with one or more distinguishing marks 32, described
Distinguishing mark 32 is preferably strip, when galvanometer is in normal operating conditions, the long side and level of the distinguishing mark 32
The angle in face is greater than first threshold and is less than second threshold, wherein first threshold is preferably -5 °, and second threshold is preferably 5 °.
Detection power supply 7 is installed, detection power supply 7 is connected by conducting wire 11 with light bulb 18, can inside electric magnetisation device 9
Simply to be detected to circuit.
14 top of magnet is equipped with spring 16, and 16 one end of spring is connect with insulation crust 8, magnet can be helped to reply immediately fastly
It is former.
Current transfer device 3 is installed, current transfer device 3 passes through conducting wire 11 and battery 20 inside electric magnetisation device 9
It is electrically connected, the conversion of current direction can be carried out.
Specific embodiment: it is powered when electric magnetisation device 9 is demonstrated by battery 20, slide rheostat 4 can change
The size for becoming running current, the iron block 12 by being wound with conducting wire 11 generate magnetic field and needle 13 are driven to be rotated, electric current conversion
Device 3 can convert the current direction inside magnetic electric generating devcie 19, to verify electricity caused by the electric current of different directions
Effect is flowed, by pressing motion bar 5 downwards when magnetic electric generating devcie 19 is demonstrated, so that magnet 14 moves back and forth inside coil 15,
Electric current is generated, so that light bulb 18 lights, galvanometer 17 can detecte the highly sensitive Electromechanical indicating meters of faint electricity,
For in electric bridge, potential difference meter be used as nulling instrument, it can also be used to micrometer weak current, voltage and charge etc., when electric current more
Weak tendency can carry out detection electric current by galvanometer 17, and detection power supply 7 can examine the circuit inside magnetic electric generating devcie 19
It surveys, prevents from influencing experimental result due to internal circuit problem, when motion bar 5 is pressed, spring 16 is upheld, when unclamping motion bar 5,
Spring 16 can help magnet 14 to reset rapidly, carry out next round experiment.
When the galvanometer in apparatus for demonstrating is permanent magnet moving coil galvanometer, need to keep galvanometer horizontal position anti-to reduce
Resisting moment, the present invention provides a kind of method, and whether monitoring galvanometer is in a horizontal position:
Step 000: the electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating as shown in embodiment one being provided and has camera and gyroscope
Mobile phone；
Step 100: shooting the image including at least one distinguishing mark 32 using mobile phone；
Step 200: dividing the image of the distinguishing mark 32, according to the gyroscope information of mobile phone, correct the identification mark
32 image of will；Correct 17 image of galvanometer mainly consider mobile phone shooting when itself be not at horizontality, easily cause
Error, so needing to convert image under the coordinate that mobile phone is shot in horizontality, such as mobile phone is the case where being inverted
Lower shooting image, then will entirely overturn image when amendment；
Step 300: the boundary curve of 32 image of distinguishing mark described in obtaining step 200；
Step 400: according to the boundary curve of the distinguishing mark 32, judge the angle of the galvanometer 17 and horizontal plane,
Method particularly includes:
Axis of ordinates is established perpendicular to the rectangular coordinate system of ground level, chooses the abscissa on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing mark
Max min is denoted as xmaxAnd xmin, separately taking abscissa on 17 boundary curve of galvanometer respectively is xmin、xmaxPoint,
Middle m is the number of abscissa, is customized by the user, preferably 20；In the identical point of every group of abscissa choose ordinate maximum and
The smallest, sum is set as n, and coordinate is denoted as (x respectively1x,y1y)、(x2x,y2y)...(xnx,yny), wherein i-th point of seat
It is designated as (xix,yiy), it asks using this n point as the coordinate (x of the polygon center of gravity O on vertexo,yo), calculation formula are as follows:
Remember that abscissa is x on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing markminIt is x with abscissamaxPoint be respectively X1(xmin,yX1) and
X2(xmax,yX2), the ordinate max min chosen on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing mark is denoted as ymaxAnd ymin, distinguishing mark
Ordinate is y on 32 boundary curvesminIt is y with ordinatemaxPoint be respectively Y1(xY1,ymin) and Y2(xY2,ymax), connect straight line
X1O and straight line X2O calculates straight line X1O and straight line X2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line1, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E1Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line Y1O and straight line Y2O calculates straight line Y1O
With straight line Y2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line2, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E2Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line X1X2And Y1Y2Available intersection point A,
Make angle X1AY1Angular bisector be denoted as Z, calculate the angle of straight line Z and axis of ordinatesAs distinguishing mark 32
The angle of long side and horizontal plane can also be considered as the angle of galvanometer 17 Yu horizontal plane, calculation formula are as follows:
Calculate straight line straight line X1O and straight line X2The meaning of the gap of angle is between O and abscissa line: if angle is poor
Away from E1Fall in sectionAmong, illustrate X1,O,X23 points substantially point-blank, can be considered as distinguishing mark 32
One diagonal line；If angle gap E2Fall in sectionAmong, illustrate Y1,O,Y23 points are substantially point-blank,
Another diagonal line of distinguishing mark 32 can be considered as, and then can determine 32 long side of distinguishing mark and water according to two diagonal lines
The angle (or tilt angle of referred to as galvanometer 17) of plane included angle i.e. galvanometer 17 and horizontal plane, prevents reconnaissance mistake
Caused angle calcu-lation mistake, ensure that the correctness of method, improve the efficiency of method；
By judging the angle of galvanometer 17 Yu horizontal plane, can determine the state of galvanometer 17, if galvanometer 17 with
The angle of horizontal plane is larger, illustrates that resistance torque is larger, needs to readjust position；If the angle of galvanometer 17 and horizontal plane
It is smaller, illustrate that resistance torque is suitable, can be demonstrated；It, can be with by judging galvanometer 17 and the angle of horizontal plane
It determines whether apparatus for demonstrating needs adjustment again, to not only ensure that the correctness of demonstration, but also the energy apparatus for demonstrating of adjustment in time, mentions
High working efficiency.
When distinguishing mark is clear and unobstructed, the long side of distinguishing mark can be used directly as monitoring inspection stream
Count the standard of tilt angle, but frequently encounter distinguishing mark a variety of causes in practical application and unintelligible, occur breakpoint or
It is blocked, needs further to improve method in this case.
Further, if abscissa is x on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing markminPoint there are two or more, explanation
Distinguishing mark 32 may be blocked, and can be modified at this time to 32 coordinate of distinguishing mark, modification method are as follows:
Note abscissa is xminPoint have k, coordinate is respectively (xmin,y′1)、(xmin,y′2)...(xmin,y′k), wherein
Ordinate maximum value and minimum value are respectively y 'maxWith y 'min, calculating abscissa is xminPoint ordinate average value
Wherein y 'lIt is x for first of abscissaminPoint ordinate；
Successively comparing abscissa is xminPoint ordinate and ordinate average value size, it is average if more than ordinate
The number of the point of value is equal with the number of point of ordinate average value is less than, then Chosen PointAs point X1(xmin,yX1)；
If more than ordinate average value point number be less than ordinate average value point number it is unequal, illustrate side
Boundary's curve is there may be breakpoint, and breakpoint is unevenly distributed, and to correct abscissa at this time be xminPoint ordinate are as follows:
Wherein lminIt is x for abscissaminAnd ordinate is less than the quantity of the point of ordinate average value, lmaxIt is for abscissa
xminAnd ordinate is greater than the quantity of the point of ordinate average value.
Increase is the advantages of 32 boundary curve coordinates compensation method of distinguishing mark: can be unintelligible in distinguishing mark 32
Or in the case where being blocked, the pole coordinate on 32 boundary of distinguishing mark is judged, facilitate 32 angle with horizontal plane of distinguishing mark
Calculating, enable this method to be suitable for complicated operating environment, improve the robustness of method, fault-tolerance and calculate effect
Rate.
Step 500: if the angle of 32 long side of distinguishing mark and horizontal plane is greater than first threshold and is less than second threshold,
So it can be demonstrated, if the angle of mark 32 long side and horizontal plane is less than first threshold or is greater than second threshold, that
Again adjustment apparatus for demonstrating；
Wherein, first threshold is preferably -5 °, and second threshold is preferably 5 °.
By being monitored to 16 tilt angle of galvanometer, whether the galvanometer that can quickly understand apparatus for demonstrating is in
Correct working condition, and adjustment can be carried out to galvanometer according to result and be improved to ensure that the correctness of demonstration
Working efficiency.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of galvanometer tilt angle in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating, it is characterised in that:
Step 000: a kind of electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating and the mobile phone with camera and gyroscope are provided, wherein the electricity
Magnetics magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating includes galvanometer (17), and galvanometer (17) is connected with backboard (31), and the backboard (31) is coated with one
Or multiple distinguishing marks (32)；The distinguishing mark (32) is rectangle, when galvanometer is in normal operating conditions, the knowledge
Not Biao Zhi (32) long side and horizontal plane angle be greater than first threshold be less than second threshold；
Step 100: including the image of at least one distinguishing mark (32) using mobile phone shooting；
Step 200: dividing the image of the distinguishing mark (32), according to the gyroscope information of mobile phone, correct the distinguishing mark
(32) image；
Step 300: the boundary curve of 32 image of distinguishing mark described in obtaining step 200；
Step 400: according to the boundary curve of the distinguishing mark 32, judging the folder of the distinguishing mark (32) long side and horizontal plane
Angle, comprising:
Axis of ordinates is established perpendicular to the rectangular coordinate system of ground level, chooses abscissa on distinguishing mark (32) boundary curve most
Big value minimum value is denoted as xmaxAnd xmin, separately taking abscissa on distinguishing mark (32) boundary curve respectively is xmin、 xmax's
Point, wherein m is the number of abscissa；The minimum and maximum point of ordinate is chosen in the identical point of every group of abscissa, sum is set as n
A, coordinate is denoted as (x respectively1x,y1y)、(x2x,y2y)...(xnx,yny), wherein i-th point of coordinate is (xix,yiy), it asks with this
N point is the coordinate (x of the polygon center of gravity O on vertexo,yo), calculation formula are as follows:
Remember that abscissa is x on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing markminIt is x with abscissamaxPoint be respectively X1(xmin,yX1) and X2
(xmax,yX2), the ordinate max min chosen on 32 boundary curve of distinguishing mark is denoted as ymaxAnd ymin, distinguishing mark 32
Ordinate is y on boundary curveminIt is y with ordinatemaxPoint be respectively Y1(xY1,ymin) and Y2(xY2,ymax), connect straight line
X1O and straight line X2O calculates straight line X1O and straight line X2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line1, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E1Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line Y1O and straight line Y2O calculates straight line Y1O and straight
Line Y2The gap E of angle between O and abscissa line2, calculation formula are as follows:
If angle gap E2Fall in sectionAmong, then connection straight line X1X2And Y1Y2Available intersection point A, makees angle
X1AY1Angular bisector be denoted as Z, calculate the angle of straight line Z and axis of ordinatesAs distinguishing mark (32) is long
The angle on side and horizontal plane, calculation formula are as follows:
Step 500: if the angle of distinguishing mark (32) long side and horizontal plane is greater than first threshold and is less than second threshold, that
It can be demonstrated, if the angle of mark (32) long side and horizontal plane is less than first threshold or is greater than second threshold, that
Again adjustment apparatus for demonstrating.
2. the method for galvanometer tilt angle, feature in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating according to claim 1
Be: the electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating includes device noumenon (1)；Electric magnetisation dress is installed inside described device ontology (1)
It sets (9), battery (20) is installed on the upside of the electricity magnetisation device (9), run switch is installed on the upside of the battery (20)
(2), the battery (20) is connect by conducting wire (11) with slide rheostat (4), is equipped with inside the electricity magnetisation device (9)
Iron block (12), iron block (12) outside are wound with conducting wire (11), and described conducting wire (11) one end is connect with battery (20), described
Iron block (12) side is equipped with needle (13), installs magnetic electric generating devcie (19) inside described device ontology (1), the raw Denso of the magnetic
It sets and is equipped with magnet (14) inside (19), is welded with motion bar (5) on the upside of the magnet (14), peace immediately below the magnet (14)
Equipped with coil (15), coil (15) both ends constitute circuit by conducting wire (11) and light bulb (18), and described device ontology (1) is outside
Side is equipped with insulation crust (8), is coated with antistatic backing (10) on the inside of described device ontology (1).
3. the method for galvanometer tilt angle, feature in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating according to claim 2
It is: detection power supply (7) is installed inside the electricity magnetisation device (9), the detection power supply (7) passes through conducting wire (11) and light bulb
(18) it connects.
4. the method for galvanometer tilt angle, feature in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating according to claim 2
Be: magnet (14) top is equipped with spring (16), and described spring (16) one end is connect with insulation crust (8).
5. the method for galvanometer tilt angle, feature in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating according to claim 2
It is: is equipped with current transfer device (3) inside the electricity magnetisation device (9), the current transfer device (3) passes through conducting wire
(11) it is electrically connected with battery (20).
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| CN201611207943.7A CN106781913B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | A method of galvanometer tilt angle in monitoring electromagnetism magnetic force apparatus for demonstrating |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201725466U (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-01-26 | 郭茂清 | Universal electromagnetic presentation box |
| CN202383906U (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-08-15 | 刘庆毅 | Electromagnetic induction demonstration device |
| EP2927701A1 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2015-10-07 | Sirc Co., Ltd | Electrical power measurement device |
| CN204102404U (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-14 | 孟祥义 | A kind of experiment of electromagnetism demonstration box |
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