CN106776625A - The Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of pragmatic web drives - Google Patents
The Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of pragmatic web drives Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Be not suitable for this problem of dynamic knowledge in the Coping with Reality world for traditional Ontology on Semantic Web and Context-aware System Architecture, advantage of the pragmatic web in terms of expression trend knowledge has been used for reference herein, the Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of pragmatic web drives is invented, the Context-aware System Architecture framework of pragmatic web driving is invented, system that employs a kind of efficient, novel context acquiring technology, the true intention of user can more accurately be captured, and the higher-layer contexts with decision-making capability are obtained by reasoning on this basis, method is found finally by the context-aware service based on intelligent body, realize the personalized ventilation system " centered on family ".
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Context-aware System Architecture, more particularly to the Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of pragmatic web drives.
Background technology
Semantic net (Semantic Web) is the essence change of WWW, information in semantic net has been assigned clear and definite implication, it is easy to cooperating between people and computer, but, traditional Ontology on Semantic Web is only capable of expression static knowledge and absolute knowledge, is not suitable for the knowledge of dynamic change in the Coping with Reality world.The deficiency that dynamic knowledge management exists with control is realized for traditional Ontology on Semantic Web, context (Context) this concept is introduced, and then develop into next generation network：Pragmatic web (Pragmatic Web).Context-aware System Architecture framework at this stage is mostly static, research angle mainly has based on body and based on Semantic Web technology etc., they cannot combine the interest preference of the specific situation of user (Specific Situation) and user's dynamic change, the true intention of user can not exactly be captured, it is impossible to exactly for user recommends the service that is best suitable for.
Context is the core element of pragmatic web, and for portraying certain attribute of entity, Dey is to the definition that context is given：Context is any information for describing entity state, and real state can be current state, or the historic state for having recorded.Wherein, entity refers to the user people related in application program interaction, place or object, including user and application program are in itself, and each entity can use an owl:Class is represented.Context can be by multiple context properties（contextattribute）Represent, context property is the element for describing contextual feature, and it has identifier, type and value, and the value of context property is consistent with the interest value to each field.For example, the room temperature of smart home environment, energy resource consumption and an intensity of illumination etc. all can be used as context properties.
The content of the invention
For the limitation that Context-aware System Architecture at this stage is present, advantage of the pragmatic web in terms of expression trend knowledge has been used for reference herein, it is proposed that the Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of Context-aware System Architecture-pragmatic web towards uncharted field drives
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web drives includes three-decker：Context obtains layer, context middleware layer and context service layer.
Described context obtains layer includes the acquisition of external context and internal context.External context（Also referred to as low layer context）The usual state of description physical environment, such as position, temperature and time, it can by physical sensors, logical sensor and other know device direct access.Internal context（Also referred to as higher-layer contexts）For describing User Status, such as the affective state of work state, personal event, communication context and user, webpage, the file of transmission or any content by network media transmission that the user captured by network packet capturing technology is accessed can be used as effective sources of internal context.The intention of Context-aware System Architecture identifying user dynamic change is not particularly suited for due to the static information of user, the maximally effective resource of interest of identifying user is the context of user's current interest, therefore, internal context has more application value., the context acquiring technology based on packet is introduced herein, the technology can efficiently obtain the internal context of user.
Described context middleware layer plays a part of to form a connecting link in PWDCS systems, is made up of three big modules：Context resolution module, context memory module and Context Reasoning module.Context middleware layer has separated the perception and application and development of contextual information, unified context is provided to context service layer use interface upwards, various kinds of sensors can be accessed downwards, and referred to herein as the sensor of broad sense, it can be that physical device can also be software systems.
Described context service layer is PWDCS systematic differences part, and its realization is the higher-layer contexts and intelligent body provided by context thesaurus（Agent）Between communication, consult complete.User sends service request by api interface to PWDCS systems, and this request is received by Agent in context-aware service, and same or related service is found in context-aware service, and user is recommended by api interface.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Dynamic knowledge cannot be expressed for existing Context-aware System Architecture and reasoning this problem, set forth herein and devise the Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web with dynamic schema drives, it is therefore intended that for context-aware mechanism provides an opening, reusable infrastructure.The system is using the context acquiring technology based on packet, more accurately capture the true intention of user, inference rule in binding rule storehouse derives higher-layer contexts, and as the effective information source of service discovery, context-aware service discovery is carried out using context-aware Agent, to be consistent to user's request or related service recommendation is to user, user is avoided blindly to find required service, for user is time-consuming, the final personalized ventilation system for realizing " customer-centric ", lifts the satisfaction of user.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the Context-aware System Architecture framework that pragmatic web drives.
Fig. 2 is the basic framework of the context acquisition module based on packet.
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of the context acquisition module based on packet.
Fig. 4 is the process of analysis figure of context ontology.
Fig. 5 is the reasoning process of Context Reasoning module.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web drives includes three-decker：Context obtains layer, context middleware layer and context service layer.Context obtains layer includes the acquisition of external context and internal context.External context（Also referred to as low layer context）The usual state of description physical environment, such as position, temperature and time, it can by physical sensors, logical sensor and other know device direct access.Internal context（Also referred to as higher-layer contexts）For describing User Status, such as the affective state of work state, personal event, communication context and user, webpage, the file of transmission or any content by network media transmission that the user captured by network packet capturing technology is accessed can be used as effective sources of internal context.The intention of Context-aware System Architecture identifying user dynamic change is not particularly suited for due to the static information of user, the maximally effective resource of interest of identifying user is the context of user's current interest, therefore, internal context has more application value., the context acquiring technology based on packet is introduced herein, the technology can efficiently obtain the internal context of user.Context middleware layer plays a part of to form a connecting link in PWDCS systems, is made up of three big modules：Context resolution module, context memory module and Context Reasoning module.Context middleware layer has separated the perception and application and development of contextual information, unified context is provided to context service layer use interface upwards, various kinds of sensors can be accessed downwards, and referred to herein as the sensor of broad sense, it can be that physical device can also be software systems.Context service layer is PWDCS systematic differences part, and its realization is the higher-layer contexts and intelligent body provided by context thesaurus（Agent）Between communication, consult complete.User sends service request by api interface to PWDCS systems, and this request is received by Agent in context-aware service, and same or related service is found in context-aware service, and user is recommended by API interfaces.
As shown in Figure 2,3, the core of the context acquiring technology based on packet is the context acquisition module based on packet, referred to as PBCAM (Package Based
Context AcquisitionModule).PBCAM is operated on the computer equipment of user, and packet is captured from web application, and it is checked and is changed.There are many packets on network, and PBCAM only collects the clear and definite packet that the document needed by user is constituted, and ignore the packet of network flow control or other procotols in addition to ICP/IP protocol.Pure document is taken into by the packet after refinement, these documents can be used as internal context after inference engine is processed.PBCAM prototype systems use VC++ 6.0 to have as exploitation, and WinPcap3.1 obtains storehouse as packet, and its development system is the Desktop PC for being mounted with services package 2.PBCAM is made up of several intelligent bodies and inference engine, first, obtaining engine is included persistently being obtained with Internet the monitoring intelligent body of packet and monitors the filtering module that intelligent body obtains required packet to concentrate for configuring, filtering module is automatically configured by system, and the packet that will be got is achieved.Packet after filtering is sent to validation engine, and it is checked according to the procotol stored in the Internet protocol data storehouse.Then, decoding intelligent body reads the data separated from the packet after checking, and HTML labels are eliminated from data, generates pure document.Finally, the inference engine of PBCAM is processed pure document, and this inference engine includes term vector instrument WVT（Word Vector Tool）With supporting vector mechanism SVM（Support Vector Machine）, WVT is used for intercepting the word in document, and these words are converted into using the term vector of vector representation, and SVM is mapped the keyword for determining document by term vector, finally gives the internal context of user.The external context that the interior context and sensor that PBCAM modules get are directly obtained is required for being organized into the form of context ontology, is easy to context middleware layer to carry out deep treatment to it.
Context ontology (Context Ontology) refers to define public vocabulary to share the contextual information in general fit calculation field, and the knowledge of different field can be reused using context ontology.Context ontology is designed to double-layer structure herein：Top-level Ontology and Domain-specific ontology, Top-level Ontology can be the high-rise body for obtaining general context knowledge in physical world, wherein, term ContextEntity is the root of hierarchical chart, and its fructification indicates that all of descriptor all has some attributes come from root succession.Top-level Ontology includes root element ContextEntity and its child：Person、Location、Activity、CompEntity.Top-level Ontology provides one group of basic conception（Such as entity）, each entity describes a physics or notional object and one group of abstract subclass.Two entities pass through attribute（Use owl:DatatypeProperty is represented）Or close（owl:ObjectProperty is represented）Set up connection.In addition, Top-level Ontology passes through attribute owl with the fructification of Domain-specific ontology:SubClassOf opening relationships, therefore, it can the new ideas needed for by adding specific area to provide extension.Domain-specific ontology is used for collecting low layer body, and defines detailed generic concept and attribute in each subdomains.The low layer body of each subdomains according to the change of environment can be dynamically inserted Top-level Ontology or be withdrawn from Top-level Ontology.For example, when user leaves garage of returning home and carries car, this domain body of family will be withdrawn from system automatically, and vehicular field body can be automatically inserted into system.
As shown in Figure 4, context resolution module is mainly responsible for carrying out the context ontology file for reading in the semantic parsing such as structural analysis, resource consolidation and syntax conversion, it is parsed into context and pushes away the receptible triplet format of module institute, and by the context information store after parsing to context thesaurus.At present, ontology inference machine based on description logic (Description Logic-DL) does not possess analytical capabilities in itself, therefore the support of third party's instrument is needed, parsing is completed using Jena inference machines in semantic net kit herein, OWL language and other bodies are made inferences by Jena.Description logic knowledge base is made up of ABox and TBox two parts, and it is exactly to be made inferences from the ABoxTBox in knowledge base that the ontology inference machine based on description logic is topmost, realizes the function of context consistency check.In addition, all contextual informations known are stored in context thesaurus, including by the contextual information after parsing, the predefined context ontology of system and example and the heuristic knowledge for reasoning, such as " same person can not simultaneously occur two different locations ", " body temperature of people can not be 50 DEG C ", in addition, being also stored into context thesaurus by the higher-layer contexts that Context Reasoning module is derived.The most important function of context memory module is the uniformity of maintaining context thesaurus and consistent higher-layer contexts information is consigned into context service layer upwards.Context does not reflect the dynamic change of environment in time in imperfection and context thesaurus of the reason for the causing context inconsistent including sensing data.
As shown in figure 5, Context Reasoning module major function includes：Higher-layer contexts being derived with reference to the low layer context in context thesaurus and the uniformity of contextual information being judged using the heuristic knowledge in context thesaurus, Context Reasoning module can use Jess（Java Expert System Shell）Build, its operation principle is：The fact is read from context thesaurus, is constantly matched with the rule that rule base is extracted, the action that executing rule is specified if the former piece of rule is met.
Current existing Context-aware System Architecture, such as CoBrA can only collect contextual information to determine suitable service recommendation to user in the separate sources of local environment, but Context-aware System Architecture is distribution, isomery, and the result for being returned only to accurately mate is inadequate.In order to improve this limitation of current system, the PWDCS systems for designing herein are used in context service layer and are connected to global service（Global Service-GloServ）In context-aware Agent frameworks carry out service discovery, not only it can be found that the precise results that are consistent with user's request, moreover it is possible to return to relevant information.In context-aware Agent frameworks based on context ontology classification, each Agent processes a service class specified, when user sends service request, Agent receives contextual information, in mapping them into appropriate GloServ services class, and the GloServ for being converted into specifying is inquired about, context and service are classified with reference to OWL language, semantic description is caused more to enrich, so that being more than precise information to the result that user recommends, also include relevant information, so as to lift the satisfaction of user.Illustrate that context-aware Agent has found the process of user's required service in global service by an instantiation.When user sends " cafe " request,The Agent being connected in GloServ receives this band the message of user preference,Map it under Restaurant this service class,Restaurant classes include many subclasses,Such as NYCRestaurant,BostonRestaurant etc.,The preference that Agent is provided according to user is searched in service of equal value or immediate related service field,Have selected NYCRestaurant,ChineseNYCRestaurantAmericanNYCRestaurant etc. under NYCRestaurant classes,With reference to the user current location information that higher-layer contexts reflect,Determine the position that user is presently in,Nearest NYCRestaurant is recommended into user,Complete the personalized ventilation system anywhere or anytime of " customer-centric ".
Claims (4)
1. the Context-aware System Architecture that a kind of pragmatic web drives, including three-decker：Context obtains layer, context middleware layer and context service layer.
2. the Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web according to claim 1 drives, it is characterized in that described context obtains layer includes the acquisition of external context and internal context；External context（Also referred to as low layer context）The usual state of description physical environment, such as position, temperature and time, it can by physical sensors, logical sensor and other know device direct access；Internal context（Also referred to as higher-layer contexts）For describing User Status, such as the affective state of work state, personal event, communication context and user, webpage, the file of transmission or any content by network media transmission that the user captured by network packet capturing technology is accessed can be used as effective sources of internal context；The intention of Context-aware System Architecture identifying user dynamic change is not particularly suited for due to the static information of user, the maximally effective resource of interest of identifying user is the context of user's current interest, therefore, internal context has more application value；, the context acquiring technology based on packet is introduced herein, the technology can efficiently obtain the internal context of user.
3. the Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web according to claim 1 drives, it is characterized in that described context middleware layer plays a part of to form a connecting link in PWDCS systems, is made up of three big modules：Context resolution module, context memory module and Context Reasoning module；Context middleware layer has separated the perception and application and development of contextual information, unified context is provided to context service layer use interface upwards, various kinds of sensors can be accessed downwards, and referred to herein as the sensor of broad sense, it can be that physical device can also be software systems.
4. the Context-aware System Architecture that pragmatic web according to claim 1 drives, it is characterized in that described context service layer is PWDCS systematic differences part, its realization is the higher-layer contexts and intelligent body provided by context thesaurus（Agent）Between communication, consult complete；User sends service request by api interface to PWDCS systems, and this request is received by Agent in context-aware service, and same or related service is found in context-aware service, and user is recommended by api interface.
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