CN106769576B - Method and device for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN106769576B CN106769576B CN201611038997.5A CN201611038997A CN106769576B CN 106769576 B CN106769576 B CN 106769576B CN 201611038997 A CN201611038997 A CN 201611038997A CN 106769576 B CN106769576 B CN 106769576B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion, wherein water in a water supply subsystem (3) is injected into a communicating vessel (5) of a water quantity regulating subsystem (15) through a water supply pipe (19) during simulation; the water at the upper part of the communicating vessel (5) flows into a stem flow simulator (9) of the stem flow soil erosion simulation subsystem (16) through a radial flow pipe (17), and the water at the lower part returns to the water supply subsystem (3) through a return pipe (18) for recycling; the water flow entering the stem flow simulator (9) uniformly flows down along a wood stick (20) below the stem flow simulator, enters a collecting tank (14) below a soil slope (13) to form simulated stem flow soil erosion, and then records data and calculates; the technical scheme of the invention can simulate the state of the plant stalk flow in a laboratory, thereby calculating the runoff and the soil erosion amount by an experimental method and providing help for researching the soil erosion effect of the stalk flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stalk flow measurement, and particularly relates to a method and a device for simulating soil erosion of stalk flow of crops.
Background
In nature, when rainfall reaches the plant canopy, a portion of the rainfall is trapped by the plant canopy and flows into the ground surface with the stalks to form a stalk flow. The stalk flow has scouring action on the earth surface soil, which causes soil erosion in a certain range around plants. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish a device for simulating the flow of plant stalks under the condition of simplifying the interception of plant canopies, and the device is helpful for researching the soil erosion effect of the flow of the stalks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a method and a device for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion by horizontal arrangement are provided, thereby providing assistance for researching stalk flow soil erosion effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion, which adopts a plant stalk flow simulation experiment device, wherein the experiment device comprises a water supply subsystem, a water quantity regulating subsystem and a stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting water in the water supply subsystem into the communicating vessel of the water quantity regulating subsystem through the water supply pipe, and ensuring that the water continuously flows into the communicating vessel; the communicating vessel adopts a large bucket and a small bucket to divide water flow into an upper part and a lower part, the water at the upper part flows into a stem flow simulator of the stem flow soil erosion simulation subsystem through a radial flow pipe, and the water at the lower part returns to the water supply subsystem through a return pipe for recycling;
step 2: the water flow entering the stem flow simulator uniformly flows down along a wood stick below the stem flow simulator, enters a collecting groove below the soil slope, reads the flow through a flowmeter on the radial flow pipe after the water flow is stable, and records data;
step 3: the collector is used for receiving runoff and sediment formed after water flows through the collecting groove, and then the collector is taken out and numbered; bringing the water and silt in the collector back to the laboratory;
step 4: in a laboratory, weighing the water sand sample in the collector by a balance, marking as T1, and then placing the water sand sample in an oven for continuous baking for 24 hours; after the sample is dried, taking out the sample from the oven, placing the sample in a room, weighing the sample by a balance after the temperature of the sample reaches the room temperature, and marking the sample as T2;
step 5: calculating a runoff amount and a soil erosion amount, wherein the runoff amount=t1-T2; soil erosion amount = T2-collector tare;
step 6: by changing the runoff, the soil erosion under different grades of stalks can be simulated by repeating the steps 2 and 3.
The plant stalk flow simulation experiment device adopted by the invention is as follows: the experimental device comprises a water supply subsystem, a water quantity adjusting subsystem and a stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem;
the water supply subsystem is provided with a water pump;
the water quantity regulating subsystem comprises a communicating vessel, wherein the communicating vessel comprises a large bucket and a small bucket, the small bucket is arranged in the large bucket, and the small bucket is provided with a water outlet for enabling water to flow into the large bucket from the small bucket;
the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem comprises a stalk flow simulator, the bottom of the stalk flow simulator is connected with a wood stick through a nail, the bottom end of the wood stick is inserted into a soil erosion groove, the soil erosion groove is a U-shaped groove arranged on a simulated soil slope, and a collecting groove for collecting water and sand samples is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped groove.
The water pump is connected to the water quantity adjusting subsystem through a water supply pipe, and the bottom end of the water supply pipe is positioned on a small barrel in a communicating vessel of the water quantity adjusting subsystem.
In the communicating vessel, the upper part of the small barrel is lower than the upper part of the big barrel, and the barrel bottom of the small barrel is suspended in the big barrel; the communicating vessel is used for outward water delivery through the two water taps, the upper water tap is used for fixedly connecting the small barrel with the inner wall of one side of the large barrel and communicating the small barrel with the runoff pipe, and the lower water tap is positioned below the bottom of the small barrel and communicates the large barrel with the return pipe.
And the radial flow pipe is provided with an adjusting valve and a flowmeter.
The end of the return line is connected back to the water supply subsystem.
And a runoff controller is arranged at the top end of the wood stick and is used for guiding water flowing out of the water quantity regulating subsystem to the wood stick so as to generate a stalk flow.
The technical scheme of the invention can simulate the state of the plant stalk flow in a laboratory, thereby calculating the runoff and the soil erosion amount by an experimental method and providing help for researching the soil erosion effect of the stalk flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plant stalk flow simulation experiment device of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an analysis of the results of the soil erosion simulation of the stalk stream according to the present invention: and comparing the surface runoff under different stalk flow conditions.
FIG. 3 is an analysis of the results of the soil erosion simulation of the stalk stream according to the present invention: and comparing soil erosion amounts under different stalk flow conditions.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-power line, 2-water pump, 3-water supply subsystem, 4-delivery port, 5-connector, 6-telescopic bracket, 7-governing valve, 8-flowmeter, 9-stem flow simulator, 10-nail, 11-runoff controller, 12-U type groove, 13-soil slope, 14-collecting tank, 15-water yield regulation subsystem, 16-stem flow soil erosion simulation subsystem, 17-runoff pipe, 18-back flow pipe, 19-delivery pipe, 20-stick.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the structure of the plant stalk flow soil erosion simulation device is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from the figure, the device mainly comprises a water supply subsystem 3, a water quantity regulating subsystem 15 and a stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 16. Discussed separately below.
(1) Water supply subsystem 3: the water supply device is used for supplying water for the operation of the device, and consists of a water storage container and water 2, wherein the water pump 2 is connected with a power supply through a power line 1.
(2) Water quantity regulation subsystem 15: the system mainly comprises a communicating vessel 5 and a telescopic bracket 6 below the communicating vessel, and can provide different levels of stable water flow for the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 16. Wherein, the communicating vessel 15 is formed by two buckets with one big and one small, the small bucket is put into the big bucket, the upper part of the small bucket is lower than the upper part of the big bucket, so that the water in the small bucket can flow into the big bucket through the water outlet 4 after being filled, one side of the big bucket, which is close to the bottom, can be provided with a water tap, the water tap is connected with the return pipe 18, and the return pipe 18 is in return connection with the water storage container of the water supply subsystem 3. The inner wall of one side of the small barrel, which is close to the large barrel, is fixed by a water tap (water leakage cannot be avoided), the upper part of the small barrel (higher than the position of the water tap) can be connected with the large barrel by using an iron wire, the stability of the small barrel is improved, the water tap for fixing the small barrel is connected with a runoff pipe 17, and the runoff pipe 17 is connected with a regulating valve 7 and a flowmeter 8.
(3) Stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 16: the system consists of a stalk flow simulation component and a soil erosion groove. The stalk flow simulation member comprises a stalk flow simulator 9 of a cylindrical structure and a stalk of a lower portion thereof, which are connected by nails 10, wherein the stalk is formed by a wood stick 20 (which may be selected according to the type of the simulated plant) having a diameter of about 1-3cm and a length of about 1-3 m. At the top end of the stick 20 a runoff controller 11 is arranged to direct water from the water quantity regulating system into the stalk means to create a stalk flow. The stalk flow may be measured by a flow meter 8. A U-shaped groove 12 is designed at the bottom of the soil erosion groove, the U-shaped groove 12 is arranged on the soil slope 13, and the bottom end of a wood stick 20 is fixed in the soil erosion groove before the soil erosion groove is filled with soil. Below the U-shaped trough 12 is a collection trough 14 for collecting water and sand samples with a collector.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(1) Water in the water supply subsystem 3 is injected into the communicating vessel 5, and water in a tap at the upper part of the communicating vessel 5 is ensured to continuously flow into the communicating vessel, water in the tap at the upper part of the communicating vessel 5 flows into the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 15 through the plastic pipe, and water at the lower part returns to the water supply system through the plastic pipe to be recycled.
(2) The plastic pipe at the upper part of the communicating vessel 5 is placed at the upper part of the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 15, and is fixed to ensure that water flow smoothly and uniformly flows down along the wood stick 20. After 2-3 minutes, when the water flow is substantially stable, the flow is read by the flow meter 8 and the data is recorded.
(3) The collector is used for receiving runoff and sediment formed by water flowing through the collecting groove 14 in the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem 15, the collector is taken out and numbered after 6 minutes, and 1 hour is a group. The water and silt in the collector were brought back to the laboratory, the sample was weighed with a balance (precision 0.001 g) and noted as T1, after which the water and silt sample was placed in an oven for continuous baking for 24 hours (oven constant temperature 100 ℃). After the sample was dried, the sample was taken out of the oven and placed in a room, and after the temperature reached room temperature, the sample was weighed with a balance (precision 0.001 g), and recorded as T2. And calculating the runoff and the soil erosion. Wherein, the runoff amount=t1-T2; soil erosion amount = T2-collector tare.
(4) By changing the runoff, the soil erosion under different grades of stalks can be simulated by repeating the steps 2 and 3.
Test results: by applying the technology, simulation research is carried out on the erosion of corn stalk flow soil, and experimental measurement data are shown in fig. 2 and 3. It can be seen from the figure that the amount of runoff erosion and the amount of soil erosion produced are significantly different at different flows, and it is proved that the method can be used for simulating the soil erosion of plant stalk flow.
Of course, the above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are also possible, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for simulating soil erosion of a crop stalk stream, comprising: the plant stalk flow simulation experiment device comprises a water supply subsystem (3), a water quantity regulating subsystem (15) and a stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem (16); the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting water in the water supply subsystem (3) into the communicating vessel (5) of the water quantity regulating subsystem (15) through the water supply pipe (19), and ensuring that the water continuously flows into the communicating vessel (5); the communicating vessel (5) adopts a large bucket and a small bucket to divide water flow into an upper part and a lower part, the water at the upper part flows into the stem flow simulator (9) of the stem flow soil erosion simulation subsystem (16) through the radial flow pipe (17), and the water at the lower part returns to the water supply subsystem (3) through the return pipe (18) for recycling;
step 2: the water flow entering the stalk flow simulator (9) uniformly flows down along a wood stick (20) below the stalk flow simulator, enters a collecting tank (14) below a soil slope (13), reads the flow through a flowmeter (8) on a radial flow pipe (17) after the water flow is stabilized, and records data;
step 3: the collector is used for receiving runoff and sediment formed after water flows through the collecting groove (14), and then the collector is taken out and numbered; bringing the water and silt in the collector back to the laboratory;
step 4: in a laboratory, weighing the water sand sample in the collector by a balance, marking as T1, and then placing the water sand sample in an oven for continuous baking for 24 hours; after the sample is dried, taking out the sample from the oven, placing the sample in a room, weighing the sample by a balance after the temperature of the sample reaches the room temperature, and marking the sample as T2;
step 5: calculating a runoff amount and a soil erosion amount, wherein the runoff amount=t1-T2; soil erosion amount = T2-collector tare;
step 6: by changing the runoff quantity, the soil erosion under different grades of stems can be simulated by repeating the steps 2 and 3.
2. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment device is characterized in that: the experimental device comprises a water supply subsystem (3), a water quantity regulating subsystem (15) and a stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem (16);
the water supply subsystem (3) is provided with a water pump (2);
the water quantity regulating subsystem (15) comprises a communicating vessel (5), the communicating vessel (5) comprises a large bucket and a small bucket, the small bucket is arranged in the large bucket, and the small bucket is provided with a water outlet (4) for enabling water to flow into the large bucket from the small bucket;
the stalk flow soil erosion simulation subsystem (16) comprises a stalk flow simulator (9), the bottom of the stalk flow simulator (9) is connected with a wood stick (20) through a nail (10), the bottom end of the wood stick (20) is inserted into a soil erosion groove, the soil erosion groove is a U-shaped groove (12) arranged on a simulated soil slope (13), and a collecting groove (14) for collecting water and sand samples is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped groove (12).
3. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the water pump (2) is connected to the water quantity regulating subsystem (15) through a water supply pipe (19), and the bottom end of the water supply pipe (19) is positioned on a small barrel in the communicating vessel (5) of the water quantity regulating subsystem (15).
4. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: in the communicating vessel (5), the upper part of the small barrel is lower than the upper part of the big barrel, and the barrel bottom of the small barrel is suspended in the big barrel; the communicating vessel (5) is used for outward water delivery through two water taps, the upper water tap is used for fixedly connecting the small barrel with the inner wall of one side of the large barrel and communicating the small barrel with the runoff pipe (17), and the lower water tap is positioned below the barrel bottom of the small barrel and is used for communicating the large barrel with the return pipe (18).
5. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the radial flow pipe (17) is provided with a regulating valve (7) and a flowmeter (8).
6. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the end of the return pipe (18) is connected back to the water supply subsystem (3).
7. The plant stalk flow simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: at the top end of the stick (20), a runoff controller (11) is arranged, and the runoff controller (11) is used for guiding water flowing out of the water quantity regulating subsystem (15) onto the stick (20) so as to generate a stalk flow.
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