CN106767674B

CN106767674B - Instrument for measuring attitude of structural plane

Info

Publication number: CN106767674B
Application number: CN201710020422.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王皓; 张世殊; 李华; 李崇标; 李辉
Original assignee: PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-01-11
Filing date: 2017-01-11
Publication date: 2023-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-11
Also published as: CN106767674A

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural plane attitude measuring instrument and a structural plane attitude measuring method, in particular to a structural plane attitude measuring instrument and a structural plane attitude measuring method applied to the field of civil engineering. The invention provides the structural plane attitude measuring instrument which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of the instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of the structural plane. Comprises an upper device, a spherical compass and a frame. The invention also provides a structural plane attitude measuring method, which comprises the following steps: A. placing the instrument on the structural surface; B. after the position of the bubble is stable, measuring a true inclination azimuth angle; C. and measuring the true inclination angle of the structural plane. The instrument and method do not require any further assurance that the compass edges abut the structural surface while ensuring bubble centering of the level, nor do they require simultaneous adjustment of the tubular level or bob to measure inclination. The technical scheme of this application is influenced by measuring environment and human factor for a short time, consequently measures more accurately just, and measuring speed is faster.

Description

Structural surface attitude measuring instrument

Technical Field

The invention relates to a structural plane attitude measuring instrument and a structural plane attitude measuring method, in particular to a structural plane attitude measuring instrument and a structural plane attitude measuring method applied to the field of civil engineering.

Background

In the field of civil engineering, a structural plane refers to a plane which is cracked in a rock body and is easy to crack, such as a layer plane, a joint, a fault, a schist plane and the like, and is also called a discontinuous plane. The occurrence of a structural plane refers to the spatial orientation of the structural plane. Three elements are involved, namely strike, inclination and dip. Wherein the azimuth angle is: azimuth, also known as Azimuth (Az), is one of the methods for measuring the angular difference between objects on a plane. Is the horizontal included angle from the north-pointing direction line of a certain point to the target direction line along the clockwise direction.

The expression method of the structure surface attitude has two types:

1: note only inclination and dip. Such as: 160 DEG angle 40 DEG

2: strike, inclination and declination. Such as: n70 degree E/SE 40 degree (two examples are different representation methods of the same structural plane using the attitude)

The trend of the structural surface is the direction of the intersection line of the structural surface and the horizontal plane, the bottom edge angle of the long edge of the compass is tightly close to the structural surface during measurement, and the north-pointing degree or the degree pointed by the compass is read when the circular level bubble is centered (because the trend line is a straight line, the direction can extend from two sides, so that the south-north-compass can be read).

The measurement of the inclination of the structural surface refers to the orientation of the line of maximum inclination of the structural surface (true inclination line) projected on a horizontal plane. During measurement, the north segment of the compass points to the direction of the structure surface inclined downwards, the south short edge leans against the structure surface, and when the circular level bubble is centered, the degree pointed by the north pointer is read.

The inclination angle of the structural plane refers to the maximum included angle between the structural plane and the imaginary horizontal plane and is called as a true inclination angle. The true dip angle can be measured and solved along the true dip line of the structural plane, and if the dip angles measured along other dips are smaller than the true dip angle, the dip angle is called as the apparent dip angle. During measurement, the compass is laterally erected to enable the side length of the compass to be close to the structural plane, a movable wrench outside the chassis is pulled by fingers, the compass is moved along the structural plane, and when the bubble of the tubular level is centered, the maximum degree pointed by the inclinometry pointer is the true inclination angle of the structural plane. If the inclinometer is a cantilever-type compass, the method is basically the same as the above method, except that a button outside the chassis is pressed by a finger, the cantilever swings freely, when the maximum value is reached, the finger is released, and the cantilever fixes the indicated reading, namely the true inclination angle of the structural plane.

The existing mechanical compass method is used for measuring the attitude of the structural surface, so that the bubble of the circular level or the bubble of the tubular level must be centered to accurately measure. When the compass is horizontal, the compass intersects with the structural plane, the direction of the intersection line is the trend of the structural plane, and the inclination is the horizontal projection azimuth angle of the plane taking the intersection line as the normal phase direction on the inclination direction of the structural plane. The inclination angle measurement is measured by a goniometer with a tubular level or a cantilever-hammer inclinometer. In the measurement by using the mechanical compass, the edge of the compass is ensured to be close to the structural plane, meanwhile, the bubble of the leveling instrument is ensured to be centered, so that the trend and the inclination of the structural plane can be accurately measured, and meanwhile, the inclination angle of the leveling instrument is required to be measured by adjusting the tubular leveling instrument or the suspension hammer. The method is greatly influenced by the measuring environment and human factors, and the measuring speed is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a structural plane attitude measuring instrument which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of the instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of a structural plane.

In order to solve the technical problem, the structural plane attitude measuring instrument adopted by the invention comprises a gradienter, a spherical compass and a frame, wherein the shell of the gradienter is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is larger than the height of the cylinder, and the spherical compass comprises a spherical shell and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical shell; the magnetic needle includes south needle and north needle still including dangling, dangle and spherical shell rigid connection, the centre of sphere of spherical shell is crossed to the extension line that dangles, dangle and magnetic needle mutually perpendicular, be provided with the azimuth dial in the spherical shell, the azimuth dial is perpendicular with dangling, spherical shell surface is provided with the inclination scale mark, the frame inner wall is cylindricly, spherical compass sets up in the frame inner wall, frame inner wall and spherical shell contact to the centre of sphere of spherical compass is on the centre of gyration of inner wall, be provided with central septum on the frame, the centre of sphere of spherical compass is on the plane that central septum locates, the spirit level sets up in spherical compass top to with frame fixed connection.

Further, a magnifying glass is arranged above the level gauge.

The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a structural plane attitude measuring method which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of an instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of a structural plane, and the method comprises the following steps:

A. flatly placing the structural surface attitude measuring instrument on the structural surface;

B. after the bubble position is stable, measuring the angle which the south needle passes through from the current position to the connecting line of the bubble center position and the level center position along the clockwise direction, wherein the angle is the true inclination azimuth;

C. and taking the corresponding inclination angle scale mark value at the intersection of the central partition plate and the spherical shell as the true inclination angle of the structural plane.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the instrument and the method adopted by the application do not need to ensure that the compass edge is close to the structural plane and ensure the bubble of the level to be centered, and do not need to adjust the tubular level or the suspension hammer to measure the inclination angle. The technical scheme of this application is influenced by measuring environment and human factor for a short time, consequently measures more accurately just, and measuring speed is faster.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sphere compass according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present application measuring true tilt;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of true tendency of example 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of measuring a true tilt angle in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of example 2 measuring true trends;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of measuring a true tilt angle in example 2;

parts, positions and numbers in the figures: the device comprises a level 1, a spherical compass 2, a frame 3, a central clapboard 4, an air bubble 5, a magnifier 6, a south needle 7, a north needle 8, an inclination angle scale mark 9, a true inclination line 10 and a suspension 11.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the structural plane attitude measurement instrument of the present application comprises a level 1, a spherical compass 2 and a frame 3, wherein the housing of the level 1 is cylindrical and the diameter of the cylindrical is larger than the height of the cylindrical, the level 1 is filled with two incompatible and different-density substances, wherein the two different-density substances are generally two choices of oil and air, and the air forms bubbles 5 in the oil, as shown in fig. 2, the spherical compass 2 comprises a spherical housing and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical housing, and the magnetic needle comprises a south needle 7 and a north needle 8; still include and hang 11, hang 11 and spherical shell rigid connection, the centre of sphere of spherical shell is crossed to the extension line of hanging 11, hang 11 and magnetic needle mutually perpendicular, be provided with the azimuth dial in the spherical shell, the azimuth dial is perpendicular with hanging 11, the spherical shell surface is provided with

inclination scale mark

9, 3 inner walls of frame are cylindric, spherical compass 2 sets up in 3 inner walls of frame, the frame inner wall contacts with spherical shell to the centre of sphere of spherical compass 2 is on the centre of gyration of inner wall, be provided with central septum 4 on frame 3, the centre of sphere of spherical compass 2 is on the plane that central septum 4 was located, spirit level 1 sets up in spherical compass 2 top to with frame 3 fixed connection. Wherein the suspension 11 is made of a material selected to have a relatively high density in order to keep the suspension 11 oriented vertically downwards. The magnetic needle is made of a material with magnetism, wherein the south needle 7 points to the south magnetic pole, and the north needle 8 points to the north magnetic pole.

Trend measurement

The instrument was laid flat on a structural surface. The bubble 5 of the level 1 moves freely to the edge of the device, and the direction line from the center point of the bubble 5 to the connecting line of the center point of the device is the true inclination direction line. The angle between the clockwise direction and the direction line, i.e. the direction line from the center point of the bubble 5 to the center point of the device, of the south needle 7 of the readable instrument is the azimuth of inclination.

As shown in fig. 3, the principle: the line connecting the center point of the bubble 5 to the device has the largest angle with the horizontal plane, and the line is the true inclination line 10 of the structural plane. Because the diameter of the device is constant and the device is flat cylindrical, the bubble 5 density is much less than the liquid density in the device, and the bubble 5 is located at the highest point in the device, i.e. the point which is the largest below the device from an imaginary horizontal plane. Because the connecting line from the central point of the bubble 5 to the central point of the device has the largest included angle with the horizontal plane, the direction is the tendency of the structural plane. The azimuth angle is a horizontal included angle from the direction line of the north arrow 8 to the direction line along the clockwise direction. The compass of the measuring device is at an angle of 180 ° to the compass 8, so the azimuth of inclination is the angle between the instrument south needle 7 and the line of direction along the clockwise direction, i.e. the line of direction from the centre point of the device to the centre point of the bubble 5.

Dip angle measurement

As shown in fig. 3, reading of tilt angle: the maximum degree on the spherical compass 2 pointed by the central partition board 4 is read, or according to the true inclination line 10 principle, the line of the maximum inclination direction of the structural surface is the true inclination line 10, and the degree of the connecting line of the central point of the bubble 5 and the device on the central partition board 4 is the true inclination angle of the structural surface.

The principle is as follows: the horizontal plane of the spherical compass 2 is a plane taking a plumb line passing through the center of sphere as a normal line, the inclination angle scale mark 9 on the spherical compass 2 is an intersection line of a cone with the center of sphere as a cone vertex and 2 multiplied by 90 degrees-scale values as cone angles, and the bottom surface of the cone is parallel to the horizontal plane of the spherical compass 2 and the spherical surface. The starting point of the suspension weight is the center of a sphere, the suspension weight is always vertical through the suspension weight and the central balance plate under the action of gravity, and the central balance plate is kept horizontal. During measurement, the central clapboard 4 of the instrument is parallel to the structural plane, the central balance board of the spherical compass 2 keeps horizontal, namely the zero line of the spherical compass 2 is always horizontal, and the true inclination angle of the structural plane can be obtained by reading the inclination angle scale on the spherical compass 2 according to the geometric relationship.

A magnifier 6 is also arranged above the level gauge 1. In order to facilitate the operator to see the scale of the dial more easily and thus read the azimuth angle quickly and easily, a magnifying glass 6 is provided above the level 1.

To facilitate reading of the measurement data by the operator, the two mutually incompatible substances in the level 1 may be in different colours.

The method for measuring the attitude of the structural plane comprises the following steps:

A. flatly placing the structural plane attitude measurement instrument on the structural plane;

B. after the position of the bubble 5 is stable, measuring the angle which the south needle 7 passes through from the current position to the connecting line of the central position of the bubble 5 and the central position of the level meter 1 along the clockwise direction, wherein the angle is the true inclination azimuth;

C. and taking the value of the corresponding inclination angle scale mark 9 at the intersection of the central partition plate 4 and the spherical shell as the true inclination angle of the structural plane.

Example 1

The structural surface attitude measurement instrument is horizontally placed on the structural surface, and the position of the bubble 5 after the instrument is stabilized is shown as the following figure:

as shown in fig. 4, the bubble 5 corresponds to a 290-degree scale line position, and the south needle 7 is located at a 210-degree scale line position, so that the angle which the south needle 7 passes through from the current position to the connecting line between the center position of the bubble 5 and the center position of the level 1 along the clockwise direction is 80 degrees, that is, the true dip azimuth angle is 80 degrees.

The relative position relationship between the spherical shell and the central partition plate 4 after the instrument is stabilized is shown in fig. 5, and at this time, the central partition plate 4 corresponds to the scale mark of the 20-degree inclination angle, so that the true inclination angle of the structural plane is 20 degrees.

Example 2

as shown in fig. 6, the bubble 5 corresponds to a 290-degree scale line position, and the south needle 7 is located at a 90-degree scale line position, so that the south needle 7 rotates clockwise from the current position to a position where the center position of the bubble 5 is connected with the center position of the level 1, and the passing angle is 200 degrees, that is, the true inclination azimuth angle is 200 degrees.

The relative position relationship between the spherical shell and the central partition plate 4 after the instrument is stabilized is shown in fig. 7, and at this time, the central partition plate 4 corresponds to the scale mark of the inclination angle of 40 degrees, so that the true inclination angle of the structural plane is 40 degrees.

Claims

1. The structural plane attitude measuring instrument is characterized in that: the compass comprises a level (1), a spherical compass (2) and a frame (3), wherein the shell of the level (1) is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylindrical shell is larger than the height of the cylindrical shell, the spherical compass (2) comprises a spherical shell and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical shell, and the magnetic needle comprises a south needle (7) and a north needle (8); still include and hang (11), hang (11) and spherical shell rigid connection, the centre of sphere of spherical shell is crossed to the extension line of hanging (11), hang (11) and magnetic needle mutually perpendicular, be provided with the azimuth dial in the spherical shell, the azimuth dial is perpendicular with hanging (11), the spherical shell surface is provided with inclination scale mark (9), frame (3) inner wall is cylindric, spherical compass (2) set up in frame (3) inner wall, frame (3) inner wall and spherical shell contact to the centre of sphere of spherical compass (2) is on the centre of gyration of inner wall, be provided with central baffle (4) on frame (3), the centre of sphere of spherical compass (2) is on the plane that central baffle (4) were located, spirit level (1) sets up in spherical compass (2) top to with frame (3) fixed connection.

2. The structural surface attitude measurement instrument of claim 1, wherein: a magnifying glass (6) is further arranged above the level gauge (1).

3. The structural surface attitude measurement instrument of claim 1, wherein: the gas and the liquid in the level (1) adopt different colors.

4. A method of structural attitude measurement using the structural attitude measurement instrument of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

B. after the position of the bubble (5) is stable, measuring the angle which the south needle (7) rotates clockwise to the connecting line of the central position of the bubble (5) and the central position of the level (1), wherein the angle is the true inclination azimuth;

C. taking the value of the corresponding inclination angle scale mark (9) at the intersection of the central partition plate (4) and the spherical shell as the true inclination angle of the structural plane.