CN106761745A - The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins - Google Patents
The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins Download PDFInfo
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- CN106761745A CN106761745A CN201710127146.6A CN201710127146A CN106761745A CN 106761745 A CN106761745 A CN 106761745A CN 201710127146 A CN201710127146 A CN 201710127146A CN 106761745 A CN106761745 A CN 106761745A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins, comprise the following steps：A, stope are arranged along orebody trend, are divided on stope height and be segmented, adopt in the country rock that quasi- engineering design is consolidated outside ore body；Quasi- engineering is adopted in b, construction, and sublevel drilling gallery is tunneled in the outer country rock of ore body；C, the medium-length hole being distributed in sector to ore body construction in sublevel drilling gallery；D, with reference to the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during productive prospecting and long and medium hole drilling, carry out second termination and ore body the state prospecting of ore limits；E, using medium-length hole kerve；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, repeat step c f；H, completion mining.Using standard is adopted outside arteries and veins, medium-length hole controlled blasting kerve, Luo Kuang, subregion dynamic regulation technology can realize that ore body is safe efficient and low consumption is exploited.Suitable for ore body not or pole built on the sand, more than country rock moderately stable boundary line of ore bed and rock clearly ore body best results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining technical field, especially, it is related to a kind of unsteady very thin to outside middle thickness orebody arteries and veins
Sublevel open stoping mining methods.
Background technology
Unsteady very thin to middle thickness orebody, this kind of ore body is more both at home and abroad to be carried out using slicing and caving method and downward filling method
Back production.
Slicing and caving method is because wood consumption is big, high cost, low production efficiency, labour intensity are big, operating condition is poor, state
Inside and outside mine has seldom used.
For being estimated according to similar orebody mining situation to admission passage filling method using lower, production capacity is left to 15t at several tons
The right side/day, production efficiency is extremely low, therefore to meet the requirement of mine capacity, and production stope number is extremely more, and management is also complicated.Return
The all tunnel type operations of work are adopted, ventilation condition is poor.Downward filling method higher slice obturation need to be used as lower leaf drift stoping
Top board, filling intensity requirement is high, and general to be constructed using armored concrete, construction technology is complicated, high cost.The program is needed
Filling system is built, construction investment is big.
This kind of orebody mining, mining technology is complicated, mining efficiency is low, mining cost is high, operating condition is poor, labour intensity
Greatly, newly-increased investment is big.Mine wherein relatively low for grade still lacks safe and efficient, economically viable mining methods.
The content of the invention
It is existing for unsteady very thin to middle thick ore deposit to solve the invention provides a kind of outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins
The mining methods of body, mining technology complexity, low efficiency, high cost, operating condition are poor, labour intensity is high and resource cannot back production
Technical problem.
The present invention provides a kind of arteries and veins outer sublevel open stope method, comprises the following steps：A, stope along orebody trend arrange,
Segmentation is divided on stope height, is adopted in the country rock that quasi- engineering design is consolidated outside ore body；Quasi- engineering is adopted in b, construction, in ore body periphery
Driving sublevel drilling gallery in rock；C, the medium-length hole being distributed in sector to ore body construction in sublevel drilling gallery；D, with reference to life
The different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during exploration and long and medium hole drilling are produced, the second termination and ore deposit of ore limits is carried out
Body state is reconnoitred；E, using medium-length hole kerve；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, repeat step c-f；H, completion mining.
Further, in step a, length of stope is >=20m, and stope is highly 30m~50m.Stope stays studding and fore-set,
Do not keep on file post.Studding width determines that studding width is 1m~10m according to ore body stability and thickness.Fore-set height is according to ore body
Steadiness and thickness determine that fore-set is highly 1m~6m.According to the steadiness of country rock, at least one is set in stope short transverse
Individual ore removal level.Due to ore body built on the sand, stope uses plain base polycrystalline substance, route ore removal, route spacing 5m~15m.Root
According to rock drilling equipment performance and Ore body morphology, divided along stope short transverse and be segmented, height of lift is 6m~15m.
Further, in step a, stope is not divided in the stage, is returned to ore body both wings retrusive from ore body middle part during back production
Adopt.
Further, standard is adopted in step b, specially：Haulage drift is arranged in outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, from haulage drift
People's row material well is tunneled in side, and people's row material well passes to level haulageway.According to the rock drilling equipment for using, in people's row material
Every 6m~15m driving sublevel drillings tunnel in courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel is located in the rock mass consolidated outside ore body, sublevel drilling
Tunnel is >=3m with ore limits distance.In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, in discharging tunnel to
Ore body tunnels ore removal route, and ore removal route length meets the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
Further, standard is adopted in step b, specially：Haulage drift is arranged in outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, from haulage drift to
Ore body is constructed and Chuan Mai tunnels and discloses ore body and stop, and is then wearing the lateral extent ore body lower wall certain distance constructor's row material well of arteries and veins one
Or ramp passes to stage Chuan Mai tunnel.According to the rock drilling equipment for using, every 6m in people's row material courtyard or ramp
~15m drivings sublevel drilling tunnel, sublevel drilling tunnel is located in the rock mass consolidated outside ore body, sublevel drilling tunnel and ore body side
Boundary's distance is >=3m.In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, ore removal is tunneled to ore body in discharging tunnel
Route, ore removal route length meets the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
Further, in step c, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole from destroying.
Further, step c is specially：To prevent medium-length hole from destroying, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture.When medium-length hole chisel
After the completion of rock drilling work, plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth pricker process is moved back, move back and install immediately after the completion of pricker.Plastic tube
Add -1.3m~0.2m equal to medium-length hole hole depth.Pipeline wall thickness is according to the determination of hole internal stress, generally 2mm~5mm.Outer diameter tube
Determined according to medium-length hole aperture, the difference in outer diameter tube and medium-length hole aperture is not more than 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, medium-length hole
Not damaged, takes out guard aperture pipe during powder charge.
Further, step c is specially：To prevent medium-length hole from destroying, medium-length hole uses pre- blasting charge guard aperture.Prepackage powder stick
Tie up and utilize in bamboo chip load hole using bamboo chip, destroyed using the volumetric constraint medium-length hole of explosive, detonation is reinstalled during explosion
Pack is ignited.
Further, in step d, the second termination of ore limits is carried out using back production medium-length hole；When specifically using rock drilling
Magma color is different, magma grade is detected, rock drilling drilling velocity variations, rig impact sound change, rock drilling rock noise real-time monitoring
Data or other can draw a circle to approve the technological means on rock mass border.
Further, in step d, the prospecting of ore body state, specially according to the phenomenon disclosed during long and medium hole drilling, circle
Determine ore body inbreak scope, and determine medium-length hole boundary of works area and adjusting and optimizing blasting parameter.These phenomenons include rock drilling card pricker, chisel
Rock does not return slurry, cutting rate and accelerates suddenly.
Further, it is difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented, with Bottom of Stope engineering during cutting
It is the scope of freedom, gradation short-delay blasting is carried out using medium-length hole, carry out successively from bottom to up, forms kerve space.
Further, in step f, the charge constitution in medium-length hole：In order to the country rock of controlled blasting Caved orebody is caused
Ore dilution, only in the ore body section or the local filling explosive of ore body section of medium-length hole, bottom hole is blocked or left a blank, and aperture is blocked up
Plug, to avoid explosion from damaging dilution caused by armor rock and lower wall country rock and country rock inbreak on ore body.For controlled blasting ore deposit
The dilution that body avalanche country rock is caused, design explosive mounted in ore body is central and disk position on the lower side, away from upper disk bed boundaries 0m~1.5m,
And away from lower wall bed boundaries 0m~1.5m right position not powder charges.When lower wall is hard ore-rock, explosive should be attached to ore-rock side
Boundary position.As ore body section blasthole hole depth 2.5m~below 3.0m, length and the position of powder charge section are according to circumstances adjusted.
Further, in step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology.First
Arrange blasthole by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole per row~4 row of explosion 3, further according to demolition effect adjust array pitch and/or
The Hole pattern parameters of bottom hole pitch are adjusted, progressively to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this ore deposit Mining technology condition.
Further, the order of the back production ore removal in step f, segmentation in back production take from stope kerve space to two ends after
Return the mode adopted；Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation, or upper segment is put down with adjacent lower segmentation
Together.Back production ore removal in step f, back production take to mode from kerve space in the middle of stope to two ends back coming, specially：
The medium-length hole of vertical fan-shaped distribution, medium-length hole diameter 40mm~90mm are dug in sublevel drilling tunnel to ore body, minimum burden is
1.0m~3.5m, bottom hole pitch 1.0m~3.5m.People's frock sticked explosive uses explosive loader powder charge, and explosive specific charge 0.1~
0.5kg/t.The strong operation system adopted and go out by force is taken in stope operation, after back production explosion, treats that blasting fume is excluded, and releases potential safety hazard, stands
Carry out ore removal operation.Using the mechanization standby ore removal of shovel installing, including scraper, muck loader, loading machine etc., ore is carried to
Mine chute.
Further, in step f, stope is divided into an at least back production subregion along length of stope direction, from stope during back production
The subregion at one end or middle part starts；According to the steadiness of ore body country rock, when the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not serious in the ban, then continue
The adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, now having returned in adjacent sectors
Adopt subregion side and stay interim studding support dead zone, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
Further, when using plastic tube mode guard aperture, after the completion of long and medium hole drilling drilling work, during pricker is moved back
Plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth, is moved back and install immediately after the completion of pricker, plastic tube antistatic, before explosion, medium-length hole is lossless
Wound, takes out guard aperture pipe during powder charge；When using pre- blasting charge mode guard aperture, prepackage powder stick is tied up using bamboo chip and utilizes bamboo chip to fill
Enter in hole, destroyed using the volumetric constraint medium-length hole of explosive, igniting primer ignition is reinstalled during explosion.
The invention has the advantages that：
The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the present invention, adopts in the country rock that quasi- work arrangement is relatively consolidated outside ore body, outside ore body
Arrangement sublevel drilling gallery, quasi- cutting and back production are adopted in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body construction in the medium-length hole of fan-shaped distribution
Completed in the country rock that engineering is relatively consolidated outside ore body, security is good, engineering construction efficiency high, low cost.Segmentation simultaneously is adopted and cut
And contact work arrangement is outside ore body, it is to avoid adopt cut journey and be arranged in ore body so that the technology for securing length of stope in advance is asked
Topic, length of stope can be adjusted flexibly according to the stope number etc. of surrounding rock stability and back production simultaneously, improve adopt quasi- efficiency,
The cost sharing for sharing engineering is reduced, and with good adaptability.Stope divides partition recovery, according to the adjoining rock stability of ore body
Property, the length of dynamic regulation back production subregion realizes the management and control of Stope roof span, solves the extensive inbreak of face surrounding rock and make
Into ore dilution, or even the technical barrier that broken ore cannot be released.The secondary of ore limits is carried out according to back production medium-length hole
Delineation, for the back production explosion design of ore body provides foundation, improves explosion controllability.Only in ore body section or ore body section office during powder charge
Portion's powder charge, with the ore dilution that controlled blasting Caved orebody country rock is caused, can effectively reduce the rate of dilution and explosive specific charge.Using
Medium-length hole falls ore deposit on a large scale, and production capacity is big, back production efficiency high.The method is not limited suitable for ore body steadiness, and country rock is medium steady
Gu above very thin is exploited to middle thickness orebody；Particularly built on the sand, boundary line of ore bed and rock more than country rock moderately stable understands for ore body pole
Ore body.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing for constituting the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate, for explaining the present invention, not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
The step of Fig. 1 is sublevel open stope method outside the arteries and veins of preferred embodiment of the present invention FB(flow block)；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the outer sublevel open stoping mining of arteries and veins of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is I-I profile of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is II-II profile of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the back production medium-length hole charge constitution schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Marginal data：
1st, sublevel drilling tunnel；2nd, people's row material well；3rd, medium-length hole；4th, ore removal route；5th, broken ore；6th, studding；7、
Fore-set；8th, upper level haulageway；9th, haulage drift；10th, powder charge section；11st, ore limits.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention can be limited by following and
The multitude of different ways of covering is implemented.
The step of Fig. 1 is sublevel open stope method outside the arteries and veins of preferred embodiment of the present invention FB(flow block)；Fig. 2 is that the present invention is excellent
Select the structural representation of the outer sublevel open stoping mining of arteries and veins of embodiment；Fig. 3 is I-I profile of Fig. 2；Fig. 4 is the II-II of Fig. 3 to cut open
Face figure；Fig. 5 is the back production medium-length hole charge constitution schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the outer sublevel open stope method of the arteries and veins of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：A, stope are along orebody trend
Arrangement, divides segmentation on stope height, adopts in the country rock that quasi- engineering design is consolidated outside ore body；Quasi- engineering is adopted in b, construction,
Driving sublevel drilling gallery in the outer country rock of ore body；C, the medium-length hole 3 being distributed in sector to ore body construction in sublevel drilling gallery；
D, with reference to the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during productive prospecting and the rock drilling of medium-length hole 3, carry out ore limits 11
Second termination and ore body state are reconnoitred；E, using the kerve of medium-length hole 3；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, repeat step c-f；H, completion
Mining.The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the present invention, adopts in the country rock that quasi- work arrangement is relatively consolidated outside ore body, outside ore body
Arrangement sublevel drilling gallery, quasi- cutting and back production are adopted in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body construction in the medium-length hole 3 of fan-shaped distribution
Completed in the country rock that engineering is relatively consolidated outside ore body, security is good, engineering construction efficiency high, low cost.Segmentation simultaneously is adopted and cut
And contact work arrangement is outside ore body, it is to avoid adopt cut journey and be arranged in ore body so that the technology for securing length of stope in advance is asked
Topic, length of stope can be adjusted flexibly according to the stope number etc. of surrounding rock stability and back production simultaneously, improve adopt quasi- efficiency,
The cost sharing for sharing engineering is reduced, and with good adaptability.Stope divides partition recovery, according to the adjoining rock stability of ore body
Property, the length of dynamic regulation back production subregion realizes the management and control of Stope roof span, solves the extensive inbreak of face surrounding rock and make
Into ore dilution, or even the technical barrier that broken ore 5 cannot be released.Ore limits 11 are carried out according to back production medium-length hole 3
Second termination, for the back production explosion design of ore body provides foundation, improves explosion controllability.Only in ore body section or ore body during powder charge
The local powder charge of section, with the ore dilution that controlled blasting Caved orebody country rock is caused, can effectively reduce the rate of dilution and explosive specific charge.
Fallen on a large scale ore deposit using medium-length hole 3, production capacity is big, back production efficiency high.The method is not limited suitable for ore body steadiness, in country rock
Very thin etc. the firm above is exploited to middle thickness orebody；Particularly ore body pole built on the sand, boundary line of ore bed and rock more than country rock moderately stable
Clearly ore body.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step a, length of stope is >=20m, and stope is highly the stage
Nugget height 30m~50m.Stope stays studding 6 and fore-set 7, post of not keeping on file.The width of studding 6 is true according to ore body stability and thickness
Fixed, the width of studding 6 is 1m~10m.The height of fore-set 7 determines that the height of fore-set 7 is 1m~6m according to ore body steadiness and thickness.By
In ore body built on the sand, stope uses plain base polycrystalline substance, route ore removal, route spacing 5m~15m.According to rock drilling equipment performance
And Ore body morphology, being divided along stope short transverse and be segmented, height of lift is 6m~15m.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, standard is adopted in step b, specially：Haulage drift 9 is arranged in ore deposit
Outside body lower wall arteries and veins, people's row material well 2 is tunneled from the side of haulage drift 9, people's row material well 2 passes to level haulageway 8.Root
According to the rock drilling equipment for using, every 6m~15m driving sublevel drillings tunnel 1,1, sublevel drilling tunnel in people's row material courtyard
In in the rock mass consolidated outside ore body；In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, to ore deposit in haulage drift 9
Body driving ore removal route 4, the length of ore removal route 4 meets the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step c, medium-length hole 3 uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge
Guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, step c is specially：To prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying, medium-length hole 3 is adopted
Use plastic tube guard aperture.After the completion of the rock drilling drilling work of medium-length hole 3, plastic tube is intercepted according to the hole depth of medium-length hole 3 pricker process is moved back,
Move back and install immediately after the completion of pricker.Plastics length of tube adds -1.3m~0.2m equal to the hole depth of medium-length hole 3.Pipeline wall thickness is according to hole planted agent
Power determination, generally 2~5mm.Outer diameter tube determines that the difference in outer diameter tube and the aperture of medium-length hole 3 is little according to the aperture of medium-length hole 3
In 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, the not damaged of medium-length hole 3 takes out guard aperture pipe during powder charge.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, step c is specially：To prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying, medium-length hole 3 is adopted
With pre- blasting charge guard aperture.Prepackage powder stick is tied up and utilized in bamboo chip load hole long using bamboo chip, using in the volumetric constraint of explosive
Deep hole 3 is destroyed, and igniting primer is loaded during explosion and is ignited.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using quick-fried
Broken dynamic state of parameters control technique.Blasthole first is arranged by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole 3 per row~4 row of explosion 3, then root
The Hole pattern parameters of array pitch and/or adjustment bottom hole pitch are adjusted according to demolition effect, progressively to obtain the conjunction under this ore deposit Mining technology condition
Reason Hole pattern parameters.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step d, ore limits 11 are carried out using back production medium-length hole 3
Second termination；Magma color is different when specifically using rock drilling, magma grade is detected, rock drilling drilling velocity variations, rig impulsive sound
The change of tune, rock drilling rock noise Real-time Monitoring Data or other can draw a circle to approve the technological means on rock mass border.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step d, the prospecting of ore body state, is according to the rock drilling of medium-length hole 3
During the phenomenon that discloses, draw a circle to approve ore body inbreak scope, and determine the boundary of works area of medium-length hole 3 and adjusting and optimizing blasting parameter.This
A little phenomenons include that rock drilling card pricker, rock drilling do not return slurry, cutting rate and accelerate suddenly.
It is as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented in the present embodiment,
With Bottom of Stope engineering as the scope of freedom during cutting, gradation short-delay blasting is carried out using medium-length hole 3, carried out successively from bottom to up, shape
Into kerve space.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step f, the charge constitution in medium-length hole 3：It is quick-fried in order to control
The ore dilution that the country rock of broken Caved orebody is caused, only in the ore body section or the local filling explosive of ore body section of medium-length hole 3, bottom hole
Blocked or left a blank, aperture is blocked, caused with avoiding explosion from damaging armor rock and lower wall country rock and country rock inbreak on ore body
Dilution.For the dilution that controlled blasting ore body avalanche country rock is caused, design explosive mounted in ore body is central and disk position on the lower side, away from
Upper disk bed boundaries 0m~1.5m, and away from lower wall bed boundaries 0m~1.5m right position not powder charges.When lower wall is hard ore deposit
During rock, explosive should be attached to ore-rock boundary position.As ore body section blasthole hole depth 2.5m~below 3.0m, powder charge is according to circumstances adjusted
The length of section 10 and position.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the order of the back production ore removal in step f, back production is taken in segmentation
From mode from stope kerve space to two ends back coming；Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation, Huo Zheshang
Segment section is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.Back production ore removal in step f, back production take to kerve space in the middle of stope to two ends after
The mode adopted is return, specially：To the medium-length hole 3 of the vertical fan-shaped distribution of ore body chisel in sublevel drilling tunnel 1, medium-length hole 3 is straight
Footpath 40mm~90mm, minimum burden is 1.0m~3.5m, bottom hole pitch 1.0m~3.5m.People's frock sticked explosive uses powder charge
Device powder charge, explosive specific charge 0.1kg/t~0.5kg/t.The strong operation system adopted and go out by force is taken in stope operation, after back production explosion, treats
Blasting fume is excluded, and releases potential safety hazard, and ore removal operation is carried out immediately.Using the mechanization standby ore removal of shovel installing, including scraper, dress slag
Machine, loading machine etc., mine chute is carried to by ore.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, stope is divided into an at least back production subregion along length of stope direction,
During back production since the subregion at stope one end or middle part；According to the steadiness of ore body country rock, the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not in the ban
When serious, then continue the adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, now exists
Interim studding support dead zone is stayed in the subregion of the back production side of adjacent sectors, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
During implementation, there is provided a kind of arteries and veins safe and efficient mining codes of outer sublevel open stoping, can realize not or extremely unsteady very thin
Safe and efficient low consumption to middle thickness orebody is exploited.The method arranges stope along orebody trend, and segmentation is divided on stope height, main
Adopt in the country rock that quasi- work arrangement is relatively consolidated outside ore body.Ore body is carried out using the different phenomenons during the rock drilling of medium-length hole 3
Second termination and ore body state prospecting, using the controlled blasting kerve of medium-length hole 3, the ore deposit that falls technology, subregion dynamic regulation technology.
Embodiment：
Certain ore deposit, 1~12m of orebody thickness, 72 ° of ore body mean obliquity, ore body built on the sand, it is more than country rock moderately stable, ore body
Bed boundaries understand.
(1) nugget inscape
Stope is divided along orebody trend in stage, length of stope is 50m or so, and stope is highly miding level height 40m, stope
Width is orebody thickness.Stope stays studding 6 and fore-set 7, post of not keeping on file.The width of studding 6 is 5m；The height of fore-set 7 is steady according to ore body
Solidity and thickness determine, are 4m~6m or so.3~4 segmentations, 9~12m of height of lift are divided on stage.
(2) quasi- cutting is adopted
Adopting quasi- cutting engineering mainly includes：People's row material courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel 1, ore removal route 4.The cloth of haulage drift 9
Put outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, tunneling people's row material well 2 from the side of haulage drift 9 passes to upper level haulageway 8, in people's row material
Every 9m~12m driving sublevel drillings tunnel 1 in material courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel 1 is located in the firm rock mass of lower wall, roadway distance
Ore body lower wall distance >=3m, the ㎡ of section 2.5 × 2.5.In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~7m, in transportation roadway
To ore body driving ore removal route 4 in road 9, section is 2.2 × 2.2 ㎡, and the length of ore removal route 4 should meet the minimum work length of scraper
Degree.
It is difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body during cutting, with two routes in stope center as the scope of freedom, first explosion two
Ore body between bar route, then ore removal to the requirement for meeting compensating space in blasting next time, enter by several times by the explosion of recycling medium-length hole 3
Row kerve, is carried out successively from bottom to up during explosion, forms kerve space.
(3) back production ore removal
Stopping sequence：The mode from stope kerve space to two ends back coming is taken in back production in segmentation.Between segmentation, on
Segment section is ahead of adjacent lower and is segmented, or upper segment is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.
Rock drilling equipment and estimate blasting parameter：Rock drilling equipment is YGZ-90 machine rock drills, is equipped with FJY22 disc type drilling cramps.
Vertical fan shaped medium length hole 3, blasthole diameter 50mm are dug to ore body in sublevel drilling tunnel 1, minimum burden is 1.2m~1.5m,
Bottom hole pitch 1.2m~1.8m, people's frock sticked explosive or use BQF100 explosive loader powder charges, explosive specific charge 0.3kg/t~0.5kg/
t.But due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology.First arranged by the blasting parameter estimated
Blasthole, after the medium-length hole 3 per row~4 row of explosion 3, the hole pattern ginseng of array pitch and/or adjustment bottom hole pitch is adjusted further according to demolition effect
Number, progressively to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this ore deposit Mining technology condition.
Due to ore body built on the sand, back is that inbreak occurs after ore removal route 4 discloses ore body, is released in inbreak ore
Afterwards, inbreak scope expands, and during back production, the construction of medium-length hole 3 is segmented construction downwards to most going up one, and construction downwards extremely discloses inbreak
Stop construction after body.According to the phenomenon disclosed during the rock drilling of medium-length hole 3, ore body inbreak scope is drawn a circle to approve, and determine that medium-length hole 3 is applied
Work scope, Blasting Parameters Optimization.These phenomenons include that rock drilling card pricker, rock drilling do not return slurry, cutting rate and accelerate suddenly.
The guard aperture measure of medium-length hole 3：Using plastic tube guard aperture.After the completion of the rock drilling drilling work of medium-length hole 3, pricker process is being moved back
Plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth, is moved back and install immediately after the completion of pricker.Plastic tube equal to the hole depth of medium-length hole 3 add -1.3m~
0.2m.Pipeline wall thickness is according to the determination of hole internal stress, generally 2mm~5mm.Outer diameter tube is according to the determination of the aperture of medium-length hole 3, pipeline
The difference in external diameter and the aperture of medium-length hole 3 is not more than 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, the not damaged of medium-length hole 3 takes out guard aperture during powder charge
Pipe.
Controlled blasting falls ore deposit：For the ore dilution that the country rock of controlled blasting Caved orebody is caused, only in the ore deposit of medium-length hole 3
The local filling explosive of body section or ore body section, bottom hole is blocked or left a blank, and aperture blocks, to avoid explosion from damaging disk on ore body
Dilution caused by country rock and lower wall country rock and country rock inbreak.For the dilution that controlled blasting ore body avalanche country rock is caused, design
Explosive mounted in ore body is central and disk position on the lower side, away from 1.2~1.5m of upper disk bed boundaries, and away from lower wall bed boundaries 1~
1.5m right position not powder charges.When lower wall is hard ore-rock, explosive should be attached to ore-rock boundary position.When ore body section blasthole hole depth
During 2.5m~below 3.0m, length and the position of powder charge section 10 are according to circumstances adjusted.
Due to ore body easily inbreak, non-powder charge section ore body will be under explosion destruction, and the ore caused in ore removal is slided
In the environment of dead zone, natural caving is produced rapidly.The rock drilling scope of medium-length hole 3 and explosion are determined according to inbreak situation in exploitation process
Parameter, can take induction caving, and only the local filling explosive blasting in ore body obtains broken ore 5.
The operation system of " adopt go out by force by force " is taken in stope operation, after back production explosion, treats that blasting fume is excluded, and releases potential safety hazard,
Ore removal operation is carried out immediately.
Using scraper ore removal, scraper enters ore removal route 4 and fills ore deposit, is then carried to mine chute.
(4) ventilation and safety
Fresh air enters people's row material courtyard by bottom haulage drift 9, sublevel drilling tunnel 1 is entered back into, behind cleaning face
Return airway of upper stage is entered by return air raise.
Main roadway is arranged in outside arteries and veins compared with firm wall, and tunnel is typically not required to supporting, when steadiness is poor, is used
Wooden support or bolt-mesh-spurting supporting.
(5) depletion loss control measure
Strengthen the work such as productive prospecting and geological sampling, get Ore body morphology, occurrence, space distribution situation, Grade change clear,
Make to adopt on the basis of accurate, cutting implements to reliable geologic information.
Drilling is recorded in 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole and returns slurry situation, and combine rock drilling and creep into velocity variations, the rig impulsive sound change of tune
The phenomenons such as change, determine ore limits 11, for back production explosion provides foundation.
According to exploration data and rock drilling drilling record case, second termination ore limits 11, during explosion only ore body section or
The local filling explosive of ore body section, the dilution that controlled blasting avalanche country rock is caused.
(6) pillar recovery and Mined-out area disposal
The mode for taking natural caving and explosion forced caving to be combined processes dead zone.Stayed studding 6, fore-set 7 its from
After right inbreak or forced caving, ore drawing, ore drawing to cut-off grade are controlled under the covering layer of inbreak.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the outer sublevel open stope method of a kind of arteries and veins, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
A, stope arrange that the country rock that quasi- engineering design is consolidated outside ore body is adopted in the division segmentation on stope height along orebody trend
It is interior；
Quasi- engineering is adopted in b, construction, and sublevel drilling gallery is tunneled in the outer country rock of ore body；
C, the medium-length hole being distributed in sector to ore body construction in sublevel drilling gallery；
D, with reference to the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during productive prospecting and long and medium hole drilling, carry out ore limits
Second termination and ore body state are reconnoitred；
E, using medium-length hole kerve；
F, partition recovery ore removal；
G, repeat step c-f；
H, completion mining.
2. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step c, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole from destroying.
3. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology；
Blasthole first is arranged by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole per row~4 row of explosion 3, is adjusted further according to demolition effect and arranged
Away from and/or adjustment bottom hole pitch Hole pattern parameters, progressively to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this ore deposit Mining technology condition.
4. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step d, the second termination of ore limits is carried out using back production medium-length hole；
Magma color is different when specifically using rock drilling, magma grade is detected, velocity variations, the rig impulsive sound change of tune are crept into rock drilling
Change, rock drilling rock noise Real-time Monitoring Data or other can draw a circle to approve the technological means on rock mass border.
5. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
It is difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented, with Bottom of Stope engineering as the scope of freedom during cutting, utilize
Medium-length hole carries out gradation short-delay blasting, carries out successively from bottom to up, forms kerve space.
6. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step f, the charge constitution in medium-length hole：
For the ore dilution that the country rock of controlled blasting Caved orebody is caused, only in the ore body section or the part of ore body section of medium-length hole
Filling explosive, bottom hole blocked or left a blank, and aperture blocks, with avoid explosion damage on ore body armor rock and lower wall country rock and
Dilution caused by country rock inbreak.
7. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step d, the prospecting of ore body state, specially according to situation about being disclosed during long and medium hole drilling, draws a circle to approve ore body inbreak model
Enclose, determine medium-length hole boundary of works area and adjustment blasting parameter.
8. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The order of the back production ore removal in step f, the mode from stope kerve space to two ends back coming is taken in back production in segmentation；
Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower and is segmented, or upper segment is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.
9. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 8, it is characterised in that
Stope is divided at least one back production subregion along length of stope direction, subregion during back production from stope one end or middle part is opened
Begin；
According to the steadiness of ore body country rock, when the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not serious in the ban, then continue the adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；
The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, is now stayed in the subregion of the back production side of adjacent sectors temporarily
Studding supports dead zone, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
10. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
When using plastic tube mode guard aperture, after the completion of long and medium hole drilling drilling work, according to medium-length hole hole during pricker is moved back
Deep interception plastic tube, moves back and install immediately after the completion of pricker,
Plastic tube antistatic,
Before explosion, medium-length hole not damaged takes out guard aperture pipe during powder charge；
When using pre- blasting charge mode guard aperture, prepackage powder stick is tied up and utilized in bamboo chip load hole using bamboo chip, using explosive
Volumetric constraint medium-length hole destruction, reinstalled during explosion igniting primer ignition.
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| CN107939403A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-04-20 | 驰宏科技工程股份有限公司 | To cemented filling mining technique under a kind of square crossing rectangle route type panel |
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| CN109322668A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-12 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Kerve method in high-dipping and pole unstable ore body |
| CN110671110A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-10 | 福州大学 | Extravenous mining and exploration mining combined concealed broken residual ore mining structure and mining method thereof |
| CN110847908A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-28 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Method for delineating ore body by utilizing macropores |
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| CN110671110A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-10 | 福州大学 | Extravenous mining and exploration mining combined concealed broken residual ore mining structure and mining method thereof |
| CN110847908A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-28 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Method for delineating ore body by utilizing macropores |
| CN110847908B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-06-08 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Method for delineating ore body by utilizing macropores |
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