CN106755945B - A kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology - Google Patents
A kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106755945B CN106755945B CN201710001750.4A CN201710001750A CN106755945B CN 106755945 B CN106755945 B CN 106755945B CN 201710001750 A CN201710001750 A CN 201710001750A CN 106755945 B CN106755945 B CN 106755945B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
- B23K26/0676—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, belongs to metal component surface processing technology field.The reinforcing surface of position of pending metal component is carried out degreasing, decontamination, polishing, cleaning and drying by this method first, utilize the method for induced with laser shock wave, the crack surfaces of intensive treatment metal component, change the distribution situation of metal component surface stress intensity, so as to achieve the purpose that change crack propagation path.Realize that the device of this method includes laser generator, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.The method of the present invention can not only change the extensions path of metal component crackle, and the intensity, hardness and the residual compressive stress on surface of metal component surface can be improved, increase stress corrosion resistant ability and the fatigue life of metal component, apparatus of the present invention have the characteristics that simple in structure, easy to operate, less energy consumption, efficient.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to metal component surface processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize induced with laser shock wave technology
Intensive treatment is containing metal component surface is split to change the method and device of crack propagation path, so as to extend metal foil plate class member
Remanent fatigue life, particularly suitable for change variable cross-section thin plate eka-gold metal elements on crack propagation path.
Background technology：
Sheet metal due to its lighter in weight, be readily formed into the advantages that component of complicated shape and be widely used in boat
The fields such as sky, automobile.After there is micro-crack in component, fatigue load effect under, crackle will along cross-sectional strength it is smaller and
The larger Path extension of tensile stress, so as to cause component premature failure, causes equipment to scrap in advance.The length of crack propagation path
The length of the remanent fatigue life of component is corresponded to, therefore after component crack initiation, effective method is taken to change crackle
Extensions path, remanent fatigue life and service life to member for prolonging have very big engineering application value.
Patent CN103868786A provides a kind of method for predicting Fatigue Crack Growth, describes a kind of according to one section
The tracking observation of On Crack Propagation situation in time, infers crack propagation law, the method for predicting component's life, this patent provides
It is a kind of to predict the method for crack Propagation speed, but it is not involved with shadow of the crack propagation path to remanent fatigue life
It rings.Patent of invention CN105067396A introduces a kind of method for controlling metal component fatigue crack extensions path, and this method is logical
It crosses and changes the geometric characteristic of sample and control the up-front stress distribution of fatigue crack, so as to control the extension road of crackle
Diameter, this method solve extension length of the sample crack Propagation path in the extension length on surface and inside inconsistent to ask
Topic, but be not related to changing the extensions path of crackle using the method for surface treatment, its scope of application is also extremely limited.
Invention content：
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on laser shock wave technology change crack propagation path method and device,
To extend containing the remanent fatigue life for splitting component, a kind of change crack propagation based on laser shock wave technology provided by the invention
The method in path, this method are as follows：
(1) after micro-crack is formed on the metal component 24 of thin plate class, under the action of cyclic fatigue load, crackle holds
Easily in the region extension that stress is larger or intensity is relatively low, analyzed by calculating, determine the direction of crack propagation.
(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in the side that crackle front end and stress are larger, laser impact intensified position is determined
It puts, and degreasing, decontamination, polishing, cleaning and drying is carried out to the processing region to be fortified of both sides on the metal component 24.
(3) pitch-dark the first energy absorption as laser is respectively coated on the processing region to be fortified of 24 both sides of metal component
12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of layer, then by 24 clamping of metal component with energy-absorbing layer on fixture 25, fixture 25
It is fixed on workbench 26.
(4) position of workbench 26 is adjusted by controller 2, the region for making 24 both sides of metal component to be fortified is respectively toward to
First laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18；The first fountain head 22 and the second fountain head 23 are opened, flowing water is in metal structure
The both sides of part 24 form the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20.
(5) it is ns magnitudes, single pulse energy 2-100J, power density GW/ that controlled laser generator 3, which sends out pulsewidth,
cm2The laser pulse beam 4 of magnitude, the laser pulse beam 4 are reflected and divided after spectroscope 13 by the first total reflective mirrors 5
Into the identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, institute
It states and first laser impact head 9 is reached after the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 is reflected successively by the second total reflective mirror 7, third total reflective mirror 8, warp
After crossing the convergence of the first condenser lens 10, irradiated on the first energy-absorbing layer 12 through the first restraint layer 11；Second shunt excitation
Light pulse beam 14 reaches second laser impact after being reflected successively by the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16 and the 6th total reflective mirror 17
First 18, after the convergence of the second condenser lens 19, irradiated on the second energy-absorbing layer 21 through the second restraint layer 20；Due to
The distance that one shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 reach 24 both side surface of metal component is equal, so they
Irradiation is on the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21 of 24 both side surface of metal component simultaneously；First energy
Amount 12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of absorbed layer absorbs the energy of the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 respectively
The high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes is formed after amount, high-pressure shocking wave acts on 24 both side surface of metal component, makes 24 liang of metal component
Side be hit region surface layer generate plasticity strengthening layer, complete the single-impact intensive treatment to metal component 24.
(6) after single intensive treatment, controller 2 controls workbench about 26 or is moved forward and backward direction and position, to change
The position of metal component 24, controls the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, after the new location determination of metal component 24, laser hair
Raw device 3 sends out laser pulse beam 4 to carry out the shock peening of next time, the parameter of laser pulse 4 and frequency controlled device processed 2 again
Control；The reinforcing of multiple positions is sequentially completed, to realize that metal component 24 treats the reinforcing on shock treatment surface.
(7) after shock peening, laser generator 3 is first closed, is then turned off controller 2, closes the first fountain head 22
With the second fountain head 23, metal component 24 is taken off from fixture 25.
The present invention provides a kind of device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, which includes laser
Generator 3, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.
The leaded light beam splitting system includes laser pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6, the second shunt excitation light pulse beam
14th, the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13, the second total reflective mirror 7, third total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16,
Six total reflective mirrors 17, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head 18, the first condenser lens 10 and the second condenser lens 19；It is main
Laser pulse beam 4 is divided into identical first shunt excitation light pulse beam, 6 and of two beams after the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13
Swash based on the energy difference of second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
Wavelength, frequency and the main laser of the half of light pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
The wavelength of pulsed beams 4, frequency are identical；The first laser impact head 9 is symmetricly set on the gold with second laser impact head 18
The both sides of metal elements 24, the first condenser lens 10 are located in first laser impact head 9, and the second condenser lens 19 is located at second laser
In impact head 18.
The water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23, provides flowing water as laser impact intensified gold
The first restraint layer 11, the second restraint layer 20 of metal elements 24, the first fountain head 22 is identical with the water velocity of the second fountain head 23,
Flowing water curtain that thickness is 2mm is formed in the both sides of metal component 24 respectively using as the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer
20, and 24 region to be fortified of metal component is completely covered in flowing water.
The workpiece clamp system includes workbench 26, metal component 24, fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second
Energy-absorbing layer 21, the metal component 24 are fixed on fixture 25, and the fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26, the work
Platform 26 can up and down, be moved forward and backward, 12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of the first energy-absorbing layer be coated in metal component 24
Both sides, the thickness of 12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of the first energy-absorbing layer is 0.05mm.
The control system includes computer 1 and controller 2, and control information is inputted by the computer 1 and passes to institute
Controller 2 is stated, the controller 2 connects laser generator 3 and workbench 26 by data line respectively, and controller 2 is used to control
The parameter for the laser pulse beam 4 that laser generator 3 is sent out and movement speed and the position for controlling workbench 26.
The present invention has following technical characterstic：
1st, contactless intensive treatment side is belonged to as the energy source for changing crack propagation path using laser blast wave
Formula does not need to change the geometry of component, is not limited by component size, does not need to increase material, has larger processing
It is flexible.
2nd, the parameters such as energy, frequency, hot spot of laser beam output have the adjustability of height, can be according to construction material
Different mechanical performances are adjusted, and the parameter strengthened using the achievable workpiece both sides such as spectroscope is just the same, ensure that thin plate
The workpiece of class is indeformable after reinforcing, maintains the original precision of workpiece.
3rd, the pressure of laser beam induction shock wave is up to GPa magnitudes, far above the yield limit of any metal material, is formed
The depth of residual compressive stress layer be 2-5 times of depth of the residual stress layer that the traditional intensifying method such as shot-peening, rolling is formed,
And the amplitude of the residual compressive stress formed is also larger.
4th, while the residual compressive stress that laser beam induces on surface layer, the hardness of skin-material is improved, and crystal grain obtains
Refinement is arrived, the yield limit of material and the antifatigue limit are improved, and the mechanical performance of construction material is improved, greatly
It extends greatly to contain and splits workpiece remanent fatigue life.
5th, pulsewidth is used to carry out impact processing for the laser of ns magnitudes, the time of laser is extremely short, and there is very high processing to imitate
Rate, and apparatus structure is simple, and use cost is low, less energy consumption, pollution-free, energy conservation and environmental protection, use easy to spread.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the surface topography map of energy-absorbing layer after metal component shock peening of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (a) is the non-reinforced metal component crack propagation path schematic diagram of the present invention；
Metal component crack propagation path schematic diagram after Fig. 3 (b) strengthens for the present invention；
Fig. 4 (a) is the crack Propagation Scan electron microscope of the non-reinforced metal component of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (b) is the crack Propagation Scan electron microscope of metal component after the present invention strengthens.
In figure：1：Computer；2：Controller；3：Laser generator；4：Laser pulse beam；5：First total reflective mirror；6：The
One shunt excitation light pulse beam；7：Second total reflective mirror；8：Third total reflective mirror；9：First laser impact head；10：First condenser lens；11：
First restraint layer；12：First energy-absorbing layer；13：Spectroscope；14：Second shunt excitation light pulse beam；15：4th total reflective mirror；16：
5th total reflective mirror；17：6th total reflective mirror；18：Second laser impact head；19：Second condenser lens；20：Second restraint layer；21：
Second energy-absorbing layer；22：First fountain head；23：Second fountain head；24：Metal component；25：Fixture；26：Workbench.
Specific embodiment：
A kind of device for being changed crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology provided by the present invention is sent out including laser
Raw device 3, water injection system, guide-lighting beam splitting system, workpiece clamp system, control system.Wherein guide-lighting beam splitting system includes main laser
Pulsed beams 4, spectroscope 13, the first total reflective mirror 5, the second total reflective mirror 7, third total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror
16th, the 6th total reflective mirror 17, the first condenser lens 10, the second condenser lens 19, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head
18；Water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23；Workpiece clamp system include workbench 26, metal component 24,
Fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21；Control system includes computer 1, controller 2.
A kind of method for being changed crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology provided by the invention, this method are specifically walked
It is rapid as follows：
(1) after micro-crack is formed on the metal component 24 of thin plate class, under the action of cyclic fatigue load, crackle is total
It is towards the region extension that stress is larger and fatigue strength is relatively low, is analyzed by calculating, determine the direction of crack propagation.
(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in crackle front end, the larger side of stress, determines laser impact intensified position,
And degreasing, decontamination, polishing, cleaning and drying are carried out to the processing region to be fortified of both sides on metal component 24.
(3) pitch-dark the first energy as laser in the region coating to be fortified on metal component 24 Jing Guo cleaning treatment
12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of absorbed layer, and by the metal structure with the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21
On fixture 25, fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26 24 clamping of part.
(4) position of workbench 26 is adjusted by controller 2, the region for making 24 both sides of metal component to be fortified is respectively toward to
First laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18, the first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 are symmetrical
Setting, it is equidistant with metal component 24；The first fountain head 22 and the second fountain head 23 water spray are opened to the both sides of metal component 24
With the first restraint layer 11 of formation and the second restraint layer 20, the thickness of the cascade of the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20 is 2mm.
(5) laser generator 3 send out pulsewidth be ns magnitudes, pulse energy be 2-100J, power density GW/cm2
The laser pulse beam 4 of magnitude, the laser pulse beam 4 are reflected and be divided into after spectroscope 13 by the first total reflective mirrors 5
The identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, it is described
First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 reaches first laser impact head 9 after being reflected successively by the second total reflective mirror 7, third total reflective mirror 8, passes through
After first condenser lens 10 is assembled, irradiated on the first energy-absorbing layer 12 through the flowing water of the first restraint layer 11；Described second
Shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 reaches second laser after being reflected successively by the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16 and the 6th total reflective mirror 17
Impact head 18 after the convergence of the second condenser lens 19, is irradiated through the flowing water of the second restraint layer 20 in the second energy-absorbing layer
On 21；Since the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 reach the distance phase of 24 both side surface of metal component
Deng so they are irradiated in the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21 of 24 both side surface of metal component simultaneously
On；First energy-absorbing layer, 12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 absorbs the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation respectively
The energy of light pulse beam 14 forms the high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes, and high-pressure shocking wave acts on 24 both side surface of metal component, makes
24 both sides surface layer of metal component all generates the strengthening layer of plasticity.
(6) after single is strengthened, direction and position that controller 2 controls workbench about 26 or is moved forward and backward change metal
The position of component 24, to control the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, after the new location determination of metal component 24, laser occurs
Device 3 sends out the shock peening that laser pulse beam 4 carries out next time again, and the frequency controlled device 2 processed of laser pulse 4 controls；Successively
The shock peening of multiple positions is completed, to realize the reinforcing for treating shock peening region surface that metal component 24 is specified.
(7) after shock peening, laser generator 3 is first closed, is then turned off controller 2, closes the first fountain head 22
With the second fountain head 23, metal component 24 is taken off from fixture 25, the residual absorption layer on 24 surface of cleaning metal component is done
Storage is examined after dry.
The present invention provides a kind of device for changing crack propagation approach based on laser shock wave technology, which includes laser
Generator 3, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.
The leaded light beam splitting system includes laser pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6, the second shunt excitation light pulse beam
14th, the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13, the second total reflective mirror 7, third total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16,
Six total reflective mirrors 17, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head 18, the first condenser lens 10 and the second condenser lens 19；It is main
Laser pulse beam 4 is divided into identical first shunt excitation light pulse beam, 6 and of two beams after the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13
Swash based on the energy difference of second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
Wavelength, frequency and the main laser of the half of light pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
Pulsed beams 4 are identical, and the first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 are symmetrical arranged, the first condenser lens 10
In in first laser impact head 9, the second condenser lens 19 is located in second laser impact head 18.
The water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23, provides flowing water as laser impact intensified gold
The water velocity phase of the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20 of metal elements 24, the first fountain head 22 and the second fountain head 23
Together, the flowing water curtain that thickness is 2mm is formed in the both sides of metal component 24 respectively to constrain as the first restraint layer 11 and second
Layer 20, and flow is completely covered and treats shock peening region.
The workpiece clamp system includes workbench 26, metal component 24, fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second
Energy-absorbing layer 21, the metal component 24 are fixed on fixture 25, and the fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26, the work
Platform 26 can up and down, be moved forward and backward, the 24 both side surface shock peening position of component coating applies first that thickness is 0.05mm
12 and second energy-absorbing layer 21 of energy-absorbing layer.
The control system includes computer 1, controller 2, and control information is inputted by the computer 1 and passed to described
Controller 2, the controller 2 connects laser generator 3 and workbench 26 by data line respectively, for controlling laser generator
3 parameters of laser pulse beam 4 sent out control movement speed and the position of workbench 26.
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：The material of metal component 24 be 7075 aluminium alloy of high intensity, metal component 24 be CT samples, shape
Size is 62.5mm × 62mm × 4mm, and pattern is as shown in Figure 2.Specific implementation is as follows：
(1) front end area in the micro-crack extension direction of the metal component 24 of thin plate class is determined as Laser Shock Processing
Domain, shock peening region is symmetrical in 24 both sides of metal component, and the length and width of strengthening region are respectively 27mm and 13mm, stiffened region
24 center line 5mm of domain centre-to-centre spacing metal component, the top away from the central narrow slot of metal component 24 are 20mm, and the length of strengthening region
The center line of direction and metal component 24 is into 30 ° of angles.
(2) it by the alcohol washes of metal component 24, and dries up, treats that the region of laser-impact is pasted in 24 both sides of metal component
The special pitch-dark adhesive tape that thickness is 0.05mm will contain energy and inhale as the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21
24 clamping of metal component of layer is received on fixture 25, fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26.Open the first fountain head 22 and second
Fountain head 23, and the flow of water is adjusted, the flow region that both sides are to be impacted on metal works 24 is made to form the stream that thickness is 2mm
Water layer, the flowing water layer is respectively as the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20, to improve the effect of shock peening.
(3) according to the mechanical property parameters of 7075 material of aerolite of metal component 24, optimize the ginseng of laser-impact
Number, the parameter after optimization are inputted by computer 1, and reach controller 2 and laser generator 3 is controlled to send out laser pulse beam 4.It is main
The parameter of laser pulse beam 4 is：Wavelength 1064nm, pulse width 21ns, energy 6J, frequency 1Hz are obtained by spectroscope 13
To the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, the energy of two shunt excitation light pulse beams is 3J；Adjustment first swashs
The position of light impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 and metal component 24 so that the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation
The spot diameter after first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 on metal component 24 respectively of light pulse beam 14
For 3mm, the shock peening on surface layer is realized in the both side surface of metal component 24 induction shock wave respectively, is received with aftertable 26
The mobile position for determining next Secondary Shocks of instruction from controller 2, it is 50% to make adjacent spots overlapping rate, and sequence is impacted successively
Loading finally forms the rectangular shock peening region of 27mm × 13mm in 24 both sides of metal component.
After laser impact intensified, the trace of laser ablation is left on the surface of energy-absorbing layer, as shown in Figure 2.Removal exists
After the remaining energy-absorbing layer of 24 both side surface of metal component, metal component 24, the shock zone table of metal component 24 are cleaned
Face leaves the impression of shallower plastic deformation, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), then in PLN-100/500 type microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo tension-torsions
The tired tension test recycled on fatigue tester, application load are 3KN, and the direction of external force is vertical metal component 24
Axis, loading frequency 8Hz, loading mode is draws fatigue, until metal component 24 is pulled off.In order to compare laser-impact
Influence to crack Propagation path and fatigue life, at the same conditions, to not passing through the gold of laser-impact processing
Metal elements also carry out comparison fatigue test.Result of the test shows：Under Cyclic Load, the metal component warp of non-shock peening
It is broken completely after crossing 26,280 times, the metal component of shock peening processing is broken completely after 63,080 times, golden after intensive treatment
The fatigue life of metal elements 24 is 2.4 times of non-intensive treatment.The path of crack propagation is as shown such as Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) respectively,
As seen from Figure 3, untreated fatigue crack extends under the action of tired tensile load along the axis of metal component 24, splits
Line extensions path approximation is in line, and after laser-impact processing, larger change has occurred into curve in the path of crack propagation.
This is because introducing residual compressive stress in shock peening region, the yield limit of skin-material is also greatly improved,
And the material of untreated areas still maintains original material property, under the effect of tired tensile load, due to shock peening area
There is residual compressive stress in domain, reduce the practical tensile stress amplitude in strengthening region suffered by material, and material after reinforcing
Yield limit improve, crackle is made to be extended in shock peening region more difficult, so boundary of the crackle along strengthening region
Extension, larger deflection has occurred in extensions path, deviates from the center line of metal component, and the extensions path of crackle is into curve.Pass through
Scanning electron microscopic observation fracture, shown in the pattern such as Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) in Stable Crack Growth area.It is it will be clear that a large amount of
Micro-plastic deformation's trace of crackle front end Local Instantaneous, i.e. fatigue crack band.Under the effect of constant amplitude pulsating stress, each
Fatigue striation is substantially the waveform striped being mutually parallel, and each represents a load cycle, cycle-index and tired item
It is equal with number, normal direction is pointed generally in the propagation direction of fatigue crack.By Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) it is found that not
The fatigue striation width for managing metal component is about 0.74 μm, and it is 0.32 μm that treated fatigue striation width is much narrower, tired
The width of labor band is the distance that crackle advances under primary tired tensile load effect, it can be deduced that metal component passes through laser
The spreading rate of crackle is substantially reduced after shock peening, meanwhile, crack propagation path is also elongated, exactly the original in terms of the two
Cause so that the fatigue life of the metal component after shock treatment obtains very big extension.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. method for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, it is characterised in that the specific steps of this method It is as follows：(1) after micro-crack is formed on the metal component (24) of thin plate class, under the action of cyclic fatigue load, crackle is easy In the region extension that stress is larger or fatigue strength is relatively low, analyzed by calculating, determine direction of crack propagation；(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in the side that the front end of crackle and stress are larger, laser impact intensified position is determined, And degreasing, decontamination, polishing, cleaning and drying are carried out to the metal component (24) both sides processing region surface to be fortified；(3) pitch-dark the first energy as laser is respectively coated on the processing region to be fortified of the metal component (24) both sides to inhale Layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) are received, then by the metal component (24) clamping with energy-absorbing layer in fixture (25) on, the fixture (25) is fixed on workbench (26)；(4) position of the workbench (26) is adjusted by controller (2), makes the metal component (24) both sides region to be fortified It is respectively toward to first laser impact head (9) and second laser impact head (18)；Then the first fountain head (22) and the second spray are opened Head (23), flowing water form the first restraint layer (11) and the second restraint layer (20) in the both sides of the metal component (24)；(5) it is ns magnitudes, single pulse energy 2-100J, power density GW/cm that controlled laser generator (3), which sends out pulsewidth,2 The laser pulse beam (4) of magnitude, the laser pulse beam (4) are reflected by the first total reflective mirror (5) and by spectroscope (13) After be divided into the identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light arteries and veins Beam (14) is rushed, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) is reached institute after the second total reflective mirror (7), third total reflective mirror (8) reflection successively First laser impact head (9) is stated, after the first condenser lens (10) convergence, is irradiated through first restraint layer (11) in institute It states on the first energy-absorbing layer (12)；The second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14) is all-trans successively by the 4th total reflective mirror (15), the 5th The second laser impact head (18) is reached after mirror (16) and the reflection of the 6th total reflective mirror (17), by the second condenser lens (19) meeting After poly-, through second restraint layer (20) irradiation on second energy-absorbing layer (21)；First energy-absorbing layer (12) and second energy-absorbing layer (21) absorbs the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light arteries and veins respectively It rushes after beam (14) energy and forms the high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes, high-pressure shocking wave acts on the metal component (24) both sides table Face, make the metal component (24) both sides be hit region surface layer generate plasticity strengthen, complete to the metal component (24) The single intensive treatment of both sides；(6) after the single intensive treatment, controller (2) makes the workbench (26) up and down or is moved forward and backward position, changes institute The position of metal component (24) is stated, to control the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, the new position of the metal component (24) After determining, the laser generator (3) sends out the laser pulse beam (4) to carry out the shock peening of next time, the master again The parameter and frequency of laser pulse beam (4) are controlled by the controller (2)；The multiple reinforcing of multiple positions is sequentially completed, with complete The reinforcing on shock treatment surface is treated into the metal component (24)；(7) after shock peening, the laser generator (3) is first closed, is then turned off the controller (2), described in closing First fountain head (22) and second fountain head (23) take off the metal component (24) from the fixture (25).
- 2. a kind of device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, it is characterised in that the device is sent out including laser Raw device (3), guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system；The leaded light beam splitting system includes main sharp Light pulse beam (4), the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6), the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), the first total reflective mirror (5), spectroscope (13), the second total reflective mirror (7), third total reflective mirror (8), the 4th total reflective mirror (15), the 5th total reflective mirror (16), the 6th total reflective mirror (17), first laser impact head (9), second laser impact head (18), the first condenser lens (10) and the second condenser lens (19), It is identical that the laser pulse beam (4) is divided into two beams after first total reflective mirror (5) and the spectroscope (13) The first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and The energy of second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14) is respectively the half of the laser pulse beam (4), the first shunt excitation light Pulsed beams (6) and the wavelength of the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), frequency and wavelength, the frequency of the laser pulse beam (4) Rate is identical, and the first laser impact head (9) is symmetricly set on metal component (24) with the second laser impact head (18) Both sides, in the first laser impact head (9), second condenser lens (19) is located at first condenser lens (10) In the second laser impact head (18)；The water injection system includes the first fountain head (22) and the second fountain head (23), provides First restraint layer (11), second restraint layer (20) of the flowing water as the laser impact intensified metal component (24), described first Fountain head (22) is identical with the water velocity of second fountain head (23), is formed respectively in the both sides of the metal component (24) Thickness is the flowing water curtain of 2mm, and the metal component (24) region to be fortified is completely covered in flowing water；The work piece holder system System includes workbench (26), metal component (24), fixture (25), the first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21), the metal component (24) is fixed on fixture (25), and the fixture (25) is fixed on workbench (26), the work Platform (26) can up and down, be moved forward and backward, first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) are respectively coated on The thickness of the both sides of the metal component (24), first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) is 0.05mm；The control system includes computer (1) and controller (2), and control information is inputted and transmitted by the computer (1) The controller (2) is given, the controller (2) connects the laser generator (3) and the workbench by data line respectively (26), the controller (2) for control the parameter of the laser pulse beam (4) that the laser generator (3) sends out and Control movement speed and the position of the workbench (26).
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| CN108251634B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2023-11-21 | 南通航运职业技术学院 | System for be used for little sample surface laser shock peening |
| CN109226983A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-18 | 扬州镭奔激光科技有限公司 | The laser impact intensified absorption protective layer coating unit of blade of aviation engine and method |
| CN109834388A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-06-04 | 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 | The laser forging complex welding method and device of low stress Light deformation as-forged microstructure |
| CN111100979B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-22 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Laser shock strengthening method for X-ray tube anode target disk |
| CN112475659B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-10 | 西北工业大学 | Method for simulating crack behavior sequence of linear friction welding and joint CT sample thereof |
| CN113210874B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Method for reconstructing machined surface texture through laser shock peening path |
| CN113373299B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2023-03-10 | 广东工业大学 | Method and device for inhibiting cracks or changing crack trends |
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