CN106748162B - Novel special liquid fertilizer for pepper for comprehensive pest control and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel special liquid fertilizer for pepper for comprehensive pest control and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper for comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following components in part by weight: 10-15 parts of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 5-10 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of trace elements, 20-40 parts of water, 1-5 parts of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 1-2 parts of soil conditioner, 2-5 parts of natural active organic materials and 1-2 parts of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose in proportion and leaching with water; adding the prepared urea-ammonium nitrate solution and ammonium polyphosphate solution into a mixing tank according to a formula, adding other metered formula materials into the mixing tank, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain a liquid fertilizer; the fertilizer prepared by the invention has good use effect and is an environment-friendly liquid fertilizer special for hot pepper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a novel special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper for comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The pepper is a vegetable frequently seen on dining tables of our families, and solanaceae, capsicum genus or limited perennial herb plants. The stem is nearly hairless or slightly velvety, and the branches are slightly bent in a zigzag manner. The pepper has sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for growth. Phosphorus plays an important role in the formation and development of flowers, potassium is an essential element for fruit expansion, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium must be matched with each other in production to improve the yield and quality. At present, the conventional fertilizer is generally applied to pepper fields in China, the application of trace elements is not considered, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low, so that the pepper fields in China lack the trace elements such as molybdenum, iron and boron, and the rhizobia loses the nitrogen fixation capacity if the molybdenum is lacked; iron-deficiency chlorophyll of the pepper cannot be formed, the newly grown leaves are white, and the growth of the stems and leaves is inhibited; boron deficiency can cause disorder of transport and conduction, and assimilation, root system development and nodule formation can also be affected. The pepper is sensitive to various trace elements of calcium, boron, iron and molybdenum, the yield increasing effect is obvious when the boron fertilizer is applied during the needling of the pepper, and the molybdenum and the iron are synthetic raw materials of iron-molybdenum protein in rhizobia and play an important role in nitrogen fixation.
The existing pepper hypertrophy is mainly solid fertilizer, and patent CN200910255602.0 reports an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is produced by using decomposed organic matters, inorganic fertilizer and pesticide as main raw materials and is special for pepper for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, the decomposed organic matters are prepared by stacking and fermenting edible fungus residues, cake dregs and microbial fermentation agent EM compound microbial inoculum 1-2 parts and airing to the water content of 30-35 wt%, the organic matter content is insufficient, the organic matter content in soil is reduced due to the large use of the inorganic fertilizer, the soil is easy to harden, the low utilization rate of the fertilizer is a common problem in the application of the inorganic fertilizer due to the comprehensive influence of the property of the fertilizer, the soil environmental conditions and the like, and the excessive application of the inorganic fertilizer causes the hardening of soil blocks and the reduction of the soil permeability. The existing organic liquid fertilizer has the defects of unbalanced trace elements, poor use effect and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which can be used for comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests, and the formula of the special liquid fertilizer is as follows: 10-15 parts of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 5-10 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of trace elements, 20-40 parts of water, 1-5 parts of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 1-2 parts of soil conditioner, 2-5 parts of natural active organic materials and 1-2 parts of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a proportion and leaching with water.
The potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potash magnesium fertilizer and plant ash.
The microelements are the mixture of water-soluble compounds of Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo.
The mass ratio of the water-soluble compounds of which the trace elements are Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo is 1:2:2:1:2: 1.
The soil conditioner is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and urea resin.
The natural active organic matter is one or more of amino acid, fulvic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid.
The natural surfactant is one or more of glucitol, mannitol, and lactitol.
The mass ratio of peach kernels, gardenia, cordate houttuynia and roxburgh roses in the self-made botanical pesticide is 1-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1 to 10.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper for comprehensive pest control comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution;
(3) the self-made botanical pesticide extract is prepared by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose in proportion and extracting with water;
(4) and adding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the previous two steps into a mixing tank according to a formula in proportion, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
The urea-ammonium nitrate solution can be divided into three grades, namely, the solution contains N28%, 30% and 32%, different contents correspond to different salting-out temperatures, the solution is suitable for being used in different temperature regions, the salting-out temperature of the solution containing N28% is-18 ℃, the salting-out temperature of the solution containing N30% is-10 ℃, the salting-out temperature of the solution containing N32% is-2 ℃, and in the urea-ammonium nitrate solution, the content of nitrate nitrogen is generally 6.5-7.5%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is generally 6.5-7.5%, and the content of amide nitrogen is generally 14-17%.
The ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting ammonium polyphosphate with ammonia gas at high temperature in a tubular reactor by a thermal method or a wet method to generate an ammonium polyphosphate solution. The formula of hot-method polyphosphoric acid is 11-37-0, the formula of wet-method polyphosphoric acid is 10-34-0, and the polymerization degree of agricultural polyphosphoric acid is usually 2-10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the long-term use of chemical pesticides, the self-made plant-derived pesticide brings about a plurality of problems, such as the generation of drug resistance of insects and the continuous increase of the using dosage of the pesticide, the generation of residues in crops, the increase of residual toxicity of wild animals and domestic animals taking the crops as food due to the biological enrichment effect, and the like, and the self-made plant-derived pesticide is safe and nontoxic to human beings and livestock, does not pollute the environment and has no residues. Can be applied to any period of crop growth, including insect pests generated during maturation, and does not influence the marketing of crops. And has strong specificity, only acts on target pests, does not influence natural enemies of the pests and other beneficial organisms, and is beneficial to keeping ecological balance. The raw materials of the self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution provided by the invention are peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose, and the self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution has a good insecticidal or bactericidal effect, the mixed extracting solution has a good control effect on oriental tobacco budworms, cotton bollworms, prodenia litura, blight, verticillium wilt and the like in hot pepper, in addition, in the implementation process of the invention, the pest and disease damage of hot pepper is obviously reduced, and the usage amount of chemical pesticides in the whole planting process can be properly reduced by 20-30%. The fertilizer and pesticide of the invention are applied simultaneously, which is different from the traditional fertilizer and pesticide separate application, and the strategic requirements of modern agriculture development and water and fertilizer integration development in China are met.
(2) Liquid fertilizers that employ multiple trace elements have many advantages over traditional solid fertilizers, such as: root seedlings are not easy to be damaged; the quality is uniform and consistent, the stability is high, the detection is simple and feasible, and the product quality can be monitored by measuring the specific gravity and the pH value; the use is convenient, the utilization rate is high, and the sprinkling irrigation, the drip irrigation or the irrigation can be realized; the trace elements, the original pesticide or the plant growth regulator are easy to be added, and the multifunctional fertilizer is easy to be developed.
(3) The organic fertilizer is added with natural active organic matters, including amino acid, fulvic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid, which can form annular chelate state elements with trace elements, and has extremely high bioactivity after chelation, the efficacy of the organic fertilizer is dozens of times of that of a common organic fertilizer, and hundreds of times of inorganic salts, and the organic fertilizer is absorbed by crops in an organic molecular state and directly participates in transformation when entering the crops, and the organic fertilizer has the advantages of higher solubility, good stability, difficult loss, rapid nutrient supplement and utilization rate improvement.
(4) The soil conditioner is added, so that the soil conditioner has the advantages of improving the soil structure, improving the soil viscosity, reducing water and soil loss, reducing nutrient loss, reducing soil erosion, reducing plant root diseases, reducing the loss of pesticides from soil, inhibiting soil moisture evaporation, reducing irrigation frequency, increasing the soil loosening degree, facilitating root expansion, improving the germination and emergence rate of plants affected by crust soil, changing the pH value and other physicochemical properties of soil, enabling heavy metals to have reactions such as precipitation, chelation and the like in the soil, reducing the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals, reducing the absorption of heavy metals by crops, improving the quality of agricultural products, having an auxiliary effect on the repair of the heavy metal contaminated soil and the like; compared with natural soil conditioners, the artificial synthetic conditioner has the advantages that the artificial synthetic conditioner is not easily decomposed by soil microorganisms, has lasting effect and is harmless to soil microorganisms and soil animals, and the improved soil is more beneficial to the growth of crops.
(5) The invention is added with natural surfactant, has the functions of dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing, defoaming and the like, and has the advantages of low toxicity, good biodegradability and the like compared with synthetic surfactant.
(6) According to the specific fertilizer requirement of the hot pepper, the special fertilizer for the hot pepper is specially prepared, the formula is obtained through a large number of experimental screening and optimization, and the special fertilizer for the hot pepper is convenient to use, good in using effect, good in soil improvement function and free of organic solvents, and is an efficient environment-friendly liquid tea tree fertilizer. The test results show that the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper has very obvious yield increase effect on hot pepper, and compared with the commercially available macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer applied by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the yield is increased by 1608kg per hectare on average, the average increase rate can reach 15.2 percent, and the maximum increase rate can reach 19.0 percent.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example one
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 10kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 5kg of potassium chloride, 0.1kg of trace elements, 20kg of water, 2kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 1kg of soil conditioner, 1kg of natural active organic material and 1kg of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared from peach kernels, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt in a mass ratio of 1: 5: 5: 10 grinding and mixing, extracting with 3 times of water at 65-70 deg.C for 7 hr by ultrasonic wave, and filtering.
Wherein the microelements are ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2:1:2: 1.
Wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like in mass.
Wherein the natural active organic matters are fulvic acid and citric acid according to the mass ratio of 3:1 and mixing.
Wherein the natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into 44% of ammonium nitrate solution, 34% of urea and 22% of water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) preparing a self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a mass ratio of 1: 5: 5: 10 grinding and mixing, ultrasonically extracting for 7 hours at 65-70 ℃ by using 3 times of water by mass, and filtering to obtain the product;
(4) and (3) feeding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the first two steps into a mixing tank by a water pump according to a formula ratio, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
Example two
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 10kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 7kg of potassium sulfate, 0.2kg of trace elements, 30kg of water, 3kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 2kg of soil conditioner, 2kg of natural active organic materials and 2kg of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing 10 parts of peach kernels, cape jasmine fruits, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt according to the mass ratio: 5: 3: 6 grinding and mixing, and extracting with 3 times of water at 70-80 deg.C by ultrasonic-aqueous two-phase extraction for 6 hr.
Wherein the microelements are ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2:1:2: 1.
The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like in mass.
The natural active organic matter is fulvic acid and citric acid according to the mass ratio of 5:1 and mixing.
The natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into a 41% ammonium nitrate solution, 32% urea and 27% water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 28% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) the self-made botanical pesticide extract is prepared by grinding and mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt according to a proportion, and performing ultrasonic-aqueous two-phase extraction for 6 hours at 70-80 ℃ by using 3 times of water by mass;
(4) and (3) feeding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the first two steps into a mixing tank by a water pump according to a formula ratio, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
EXAMPLE III
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 120kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 7kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 10kg of potassium nitrate, 0.5kg of trace elements, 40kg of water, 5kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 2kg of soil conditioner, 5kg of natural active organic materials and 2kg of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing 6 percent by mass of peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose: 5: 5: grinding 10 times of the above materials, mixing, and extracting with 5 times of water at 80-90 deg.C for 5 hr.
Wherein the trace elements are a mixture of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate according to a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1:2: 1.
Wherein the soil conditioner is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and urea resin according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Wherein the natural active organic matters are amino acid, fulvic acid and citric acid according to the mass ratio of 2: 4: 1.
Wherein the natural surfactant is glucitol, mannitol and lactitol according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into a 41% ammonium nitrate solution, 32% urea and 27% water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 28% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) preparing a self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a mass ratio of 6: 5: 5: 10 grinding and mixing, extracting with 5 times of water at 80-90 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain;
(4) and (3) feeding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the first two steps into a mixing tank by a water pump according to a formula ratio, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving, and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
Example four
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 5kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 5kg of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg of trace elements, 30kg of water, 5kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 2kg of soil conditioner, 3kg of natural active organic materials and 1kg of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing 2 parts of peach kernels, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt by mass: 5: 1: 4 grinding and mixing, and extracting with 5 times of water by ultrasonic-aqueous two-phase extraction at 80-85 deg.C for 6 hr.
Wherein the trace elements are a mixture of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1: 1.
Wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like in mass.
Wherein the natural active organic matters are fulvic acid and citric acid according to the mass ratio of 1:3, mixing.
Wherein the natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into 44% of ammonium nitrate solution, 34% of urea and 22% of water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) preparing a self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a mass ratio of 2: 5: 1: 4 grinding and mixing, and extracting with 5 times of water by ultrasonic-aqueous two-phase extraction at 80-85 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the product;
(4) and (3) feeding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the first two steps into a mixing tank by a water pump according to a formula ratio, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving, and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
EXAMPLE five
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 8kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 8kg of potassium carbonate, 0.3kg of trace elements, 35kg of water, 4kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 2kg of soil conditioner, 4kg of natural active organic materials and 2kg of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing 3 parts of peach kernels, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt according to a mass ratio of: 5: 5: 3 grinding, mixing, and leaching with 2 times of water at 80-90 deg.C for 6 hr.
Wherein the microelements are ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2:1:2: 1.
The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like in mass.
The natural active organic matter is amino acid and citric acid according to the mass ratio of 3:1 and mixing.
The natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into a 41% ammonium nitrate solution, 32% urea and 27% water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 28% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) preparing a self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a mass ratio of 3: 5: 5: 3 grinding and mixing, and leaching with 2 times of water at 80-90 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the product;
(4) and adding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution which are prepared in the first two steps into a mixing tank by a water pump according to a formula ratio, then adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
EXAMPLE six
The invention relates to a special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 7kg of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 8kg of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and other mass mixtures, 0.3kg of trace elements, 40kg of water, 5kg of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 2kg of soil conditioner, 4kg of natural active organic materials and 1kg of natural surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of peach kernels, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt is 10: 5: 1:1 grinding and mixing, and extracting with 4 times of water at 75-85 deg.C for 10 hr.
Wherein the microelements are ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium heptamolybdate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:1: 2.
The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, urea resin and the like in mass.
The natural active organic matter is fulvic acid, amino acid and tartaric acid according to the mass ratio of 10: 2:1 and mixing.
The natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like.
The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for hot pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, introducing steam into a 41% ammonium nitrate solution, 32% urea and 27% water, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution containing 28% of N;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, introducing steam, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide reaches 37%;
(3) preparing a self-made botanical pesticide extracting solution by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose according to a mass ratio of 10: 5: 1:1 grinding and mixing, and extracting with 4 times of water at 75-85 deg.C for 10 hr to obtain;
(4) and adding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the previous two steps into a mixing tank according to a formula in proportion, then adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, introducing steam, mixing, stirring, dissolving, and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
EXAMPLE seven
Test site: the test soil is yellow soil and has middle and lower fertility, is arranged in the long town of the Guizhou Xiuwen county and is positioned in the middle of the Guizhou, the average altitude is 1240m, the annual average temperature is 13.6 ℃, the frost-free period is 265 days on average, and the test soil is yellow soil.
The pepper variety, Tianyu No. 5, was introduced in Korea.
Fertilizer to be tested: the liquid fertilizer of the embodiment 1-6 of the invention has the test codes of A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5 and A-6, the reference liquid fertilizer is a commercial macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the code is D, which is produced by Shouguang Miwei Biotech Co.
The pepper cell test is provided with 7 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the treatments are arranged in random block groups, and the area of each treatment cell is 30m2(ii) a The test plot is rectangular, and small ridges are arranged among different cells for isolation and protection during irrigation, so that different treatments are prevented from mixing fertilizers and water; and field management is carried out according to conventional management.
The application method comprises the following steps: the liquid fertilizer and the contrast liquid fertilizer of the invention are respectively used for 2.5kg, diluted by 100 times, and the water soluble fertilizer is applied for 5 times in the seedling stage, the flowering stage, the first fruit picking, the second fruit picking and the third fruit picking of the pepper.
According to the pepper growth period record and the economic character survey, a survey sample section is set according to the agricultural test record standard, pepper is examined and recorded in the real sampling section, the fresh yield of pepper is calculated according to the real yield of the plot, and the test result is shown in table 1.
Table 1: comparison of the yield of the liquid fertilizer of the invention after application with that of a control fertilizer
The test results show that the special liquid fertilizer for pepper has very obvious yield increase effect on pepper, compared with the commercially available macroelement water soluble fertilizer, the yield of each hectare of a test field applied with the liquid fertilizer of the embodiments 1-6 of the invention is respectively increased by 1879kg, 2005kg, 1340kg, 1467kg, 1325kg and 1630kg, the average yield of each hectare is increased by 1608kg, and the average growth rate can reach 15.2 percent and can reach 19.0 percent at most.
In addition, in the implementation process of the invention, the plant diseases and insect pests are obviously reduced, and the usage amount of chemical pesticides in the whole planting process can be properly reduced by 20-30%.
Claims (2)
1. The application of the special liquid fertilizer for comprehensively preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests in the pepper planting in the Guizhou mountain area is characterized in that: the formula of the liquid fertilizer is as follows: 10 parts of urea ammonium nitrate solution, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate solution, 5-7 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 part of trace elements, 20-30 parts of water, 1-3 parts of self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution, 1 part of soil conditioner, 1-3 parts of natural active organic material and 1 part of natural surfactant, wherein the self-made plant source pesticide extracting solution is prepared by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose in proportion and extracting with water;
the trace elements are a mixture of water-soluble compounds of Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo, and the mass ratio of the trace elements to the water-soluble compounds is 1:2:2:1:2: 1;
the self-made botanical pesticide comprises 1-10 parts by mass of peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and rosa roxburghii tratt: 1-5: 1-5: 1-10;
the soil conditioner is a mixture of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like in mass;
the natural active organic matter is a mixture of fulvic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:1 or 5:1 or 1: 3;
the natural surfactant is a mixture of glucitol, mannitol, lactitol and the like in mass;
the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a urea-ammonium nitrate solution, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare a urea-ammonium nitrate solution;
(2) preparing an ammonium polyphosphate solution, mixing, stirring and dissolving to prepare the ammonium polyphosphate solution;
(3) the self-made botanical pesticide extract is prepared by mixing peach kernel, gardenia, houttuynia cordata and roxburgh rose in proportion and extracting with water;
(4) and adding the urea-ammonium nitrate solution and the ammonium polyphosphate solution prepared in the previous two steps into a mixing tank according to a formula in proportion, adding other metered materials into the mixing tank, mixing, stirring, dissolving and filtering to obtain the liquid fertilizer.
2. The application of the special liquid fertilizer for the comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests in the capsicum planting in the mountainous area of Guizhou as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potash magnesium fertilizer and plant ash.
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| CN108892565A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-27 | 吉林省新农科生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof improving plant resistance to environment stress |
| CN116114717B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-05-03 | 四川省新兰月生物科技有限公司 | Composition for improving yield and quality of rose in sunlight and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20200814 Address after: 550000 Huaxi District, Guizhou, Guiyang Applicant after: Guizhou University Applicant after: GUIZHOU GUIFU ECOLOGICAL FERTILIZER INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 550025 Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Applicant before: Guizhou University |
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