CN106738875A - A kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying - Google Patents
A kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying Download PDFInfo
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- CN106738875A CN106738875A CN201611124618.4A CN201611124618A CN106738875A CN 106738875 A CN106738875 A CN 106738875A CN 201611124618 A CN201611124618 A CN 201611124618A CN 106738875 A CN106738875 A CN 106738875A
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- layer material
- active layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/0616—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms layered or partially layered preforms, e.g. preforms with layers of adhesive or sealing compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying, comprise the following steps：1st, the selection of the passive material of master；2nd, model is set up：Design its original state according to required anticipation deformed shape, including geometry and active and passive material distribution；3rd, printing shaping；4th, post processing solidification；5th, 4D printings deform certainly.The present invention combines double-deck dilatancy model theory, geometrical model to the passive material of master in shaped component is designed and prints, it is achieved thereby that a kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying, make deformation with more designability and intelligent, and have the advantages that process is simple, material be easy to get, it is with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increases material manufacturing technology field, more particularly to a kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying.
Background technology
On 2 25th, 2013, Massachusetts Institute Technology's rollout 4D printing techniques in the conferences of TED 2013.Through
Cross the development of 3 years, various countries researchers have to 4D printing techniques and more specifically think deeply：Four-dimension printing (4D printing)
Refer to increase " time " on the basis of 3 D-printing (3D printing) as fourth dimension degree, under the excitation of external environment condition
Or make what the object of 3D printing changed in terms of elapsing generation shape or physical chemistry over time by cell fusion or self assembly
Increases material manufacturing technology.Either from the trend or the value of science and technology of technology development, 4D prints more perspective and subversiveness.Closely
2 years, although domestic and foreign scholars and researcher propose that some can realize the 4D printed materials and method of change in shape in succession,
It is that it cannot realize intelligentized shape programming and poor repeatability, material prepare complexity.By taking shape-memory polymer as an example, make
, it is necessary to being first heated to glass transition temperature applies external force during 4D print deformations being realized with shape-memory polymer
Deformation, cooling, shape could be recovered after being subject to outside stimulus next time, and this deformation needs repeatedly to apply external force, easily broken
The molecular structure of bad material, and then influence it to deform, and it is accomplished that a kind of Passive deformation.Hydrogel is also to be commonly used during 4D is printed
Material, but its poor mechanical property, be capable of achieving the simple shape of deformation, and after environmental stimulation is removed, product easily goes out
The shortcomings of existing fold ftractures.
Water swelling rubber (Water Swelling Rubber, abbreviation WSR) is a kind of functional high molecule material, mainly
With the water absorbing agent composition such as high water absorbent as component, it is sufficiently mixed with the basic glue such as natural rubber and is prepared into water swelling rubber, is met
The several times even hundreds times of own wt or volume can be reached after water expansion, water swelling rubber has adaptive deformation and height swollen
The characteristics of swollen property, and the water suction of itself and the behavior of dehydration have excellent repeatability, with reference to above-mentioned water swelling rubber
Feature, it has very big application potential in 4D printings.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problems such as above-mentioned shape program capability is poor, material deformation is repeated bad, it is proposed that a kind of
The 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying.
Principle of the invention is：Water swelling rubber is that absorbent composition is introduced in rubber substrate, it is not only retained
Rubber excellent in itself mechanics and elastic performance, have been provided simultaneously with certain water swelling ability, according to Harvard University in warp
Knowable to the double-deck expansion bending model proposed in the theoretical foundation of allusion quotation hophornbeam Singh's beam, the material of two-layer different materials expansion rate,
Meet water bending curvature be：
M=hp/ha, n=Ep/Ea
H is gross thickness, haIt is active layer material thickness, hpIt is passive layer thickness, EaIt is the Young's modulus of active layer material,
EpIt is the Young's modulus of passive layer material, α is two kinds of water swelling coefficient differences, Δ φ is ambient humidity difference, therefore from formula
The upper bending curvature that can be seen that deformation unit and main passive layer material thickness and the poplar of active layer material and passive layer material
Family name's modulus and water swelling coefficient have quantitative relationship, and we can be to deformation unit by many extruder head 3D printing equipment
Active layer material and passive layer material thickness and material are designed, and realize the programming to deformation unit Curvature varying degree,
And then realize a kind of intelligent from deformation 4D printings.
Outstanding advantages of the invention are on the basis of 3D printing, by deformation unit active layer material and passive layer material
The design (including thickness and material) of material, realizes the programmable of bending curvature, and then realize that 4D is printed.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying, comprise the following steps：
First, the selection of active layer material and passive layer material：
The similar bimetallic sheet structure of the present invention, composite, described double layer material are constituted by 2 layers of material of different nature
Including active layer material and passive layer material.
Active layer material：Select to introduce the water swelling rubber that hydrophilic radical or hydrophilic component are made in rubber substrate,
The several times or hundreds times of sole mass or volume are expandable to after its water suction；
Passive layer material：Selection water suction not expanded rubber or the relatively low rubber of expansion rate (or paper and polypropylene film
Do not expanded and with the material of certain flexible deformability Deng water suction)；
2nd, model is set up：Its original state, including geometry and active layers material are designed according to required anticipation deformed shape
Material and passive layer material distribution, model basic deformation unit active layers material thickness be 0.2-15mm, model it is passive
Layer material thickness is 0.2-15mm, and phantom thicknesses are 0.1-7mm with width ratio, and length (need to should be greater than width with reference to specific design
Degree)；Set up mathematical model using three-dimensional software, slicing treatment carried out by 3D printing professional software, obtain active layer material and
Passive layer layers of material printing path data；
3rd, printing shaping：According to the distribution that every layer of active layer material and passive layer material are obtained in step 2 and
Geometrical model, shaped platform is deposited on using many extruder head printers by active layer material and passive layer material by printing path
On, workbench declines 1 height of cross-sectional layers, further according to next layer of active layer material and passive layer material deposition path model
Deposited, so circulation, ultimately formed product；
4th, post-process：The predeformation structure for completing will be printed to be separated with shaped platform, and be placed on suitable ring
Active layer material and passive layer material are solidified in border, two kinds of materials is produced good interface binding intensity；
5th, 4D printings deform certainly：To be immersed in the water by the structural material of post processing, material perceives the change of environment, produces
, there is change in shape in raw response.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
First, the present invention uses many extruder head printers, and active layer material and passive layer material are selectively deposited, profit
With active layer material water-swellable produces driving force, and then the principle from deformation is realized, and combines double-deck dilatancy model,
Space position parameter and thickness to the passive material of master in shaped component are designed, it is achieved thereby that a kind of programmable curvature
The 4D Method of printings of change, make deformation with more designability and intelligent, and be easy to get with process is simple, material, cost
Low advantage；
2nd, using hydro-expansive rubber as the driving force of malformation, after being activated, with reference to itself different structure
Design form realizes various complex deformations, after excitation is removed, original-shape can be progressively recovered again；
3rd, compared to shape-memory polymer and hydrogel, the water swelling rubber material selected by this method has
Excellent mechanical property and good deformation repeatability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 4D printings involved by this patent by the basic deformation cell schematics after printing shaping.
Fig. 2 meets the basic deformation cell schematics that incentive environment occurs deformation certainly for 4D printings involved by this patent.
Fig. 3 combines basic deformation unit deformed configuration (spiral flower pattern) according to needed for for embodiment 1, soft using three-dimensional modeling
The top view of the initial deformation structure (cross) of part design.
Fig. 4 in embodiment 1 to be realized from shape changeable propeller flower type structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 combines basic deformation unit deformed configuration (wave grizzly bar) according to needed for for embodiment 1, using three-dimensional modeling
The top view of the initial deformation structure (grizzly bar type) of Software for Design.
Fig. 6 is the deformation wave structure of grid certainly to be realized in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is 4D printings involved by this patent by the basic deformation unit A-A profiles after printing shaping.
Fig. 8 is 4D printings involved by this patent by the basic deformation unit B-B profiles after printing shaping.
Specific embodiment
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, a kind of 4D printings of programmable Curvature varying
Method, comprises the following steps：
First, the selection of active layer material 1 and passive layer material 2：
The selection of active layer material 1：The room-temperature moisture cured polyurethanes of selection one-component, high intensity, high-modulus meets water
Expanded rubber；
The selection of passive layer material 2：The non-bloating polyurethanes humidity cure rubber of water is met in selection；
2nd, model is set up：Design its original state according to required anticipation deformed shape, including geometry respectively with actively
The distribution of layer material 1, passive layer material 2, the width of model deformation unit is 10mm, and the height of active layer material 1 is 3mm, quilt
The dynamic height of layer material 2 is 3mm, and length is 30mm, using three-dimensional software founding mathematical models, is controlled by 3D printing professional software
System assigns the geometrical model and material properties of product active layer material 1 and passive layer material 2, then carries out slicing treatment, obtains
To active layer material 1 and the layering printing path data of passive layer material 2；
3rd, printing shaping：According to the distribution that every layer of active layer material 1 and passive layer material 2 are obtained in step 2 with
And geometrical model, active layer material 1 and passive layer material 2 are deposited on shaping by printing path using two extruder head printers
On platform, workbench declines the height of a cross-sectional layers, further according to next layer of active layer material 1 and the deposited roads of passive layer material 2
Footpath model is deposited, so circulation, ultimately forms product；
4th, post-process：The structure for completing will be printed to be separated with shaped platform, and be placed on temperature for 35 DEG C of humidity
For 72h in 60% environment, active layer material 1 and passive layer material 2 be fully cured and two kinds of materials to form good interface strong
Degree；
5th, 4D printings deform certainly：Predeformation structure will be fully cured to be immersed in the water, material perceives the change of environment, produce
, there is estimated change in shape in response.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
First, active layer material (1) and passive layer material (2)：
The selection of active layer material (1)：Select to introduce the water swelling that hydrophilic radical or hydrophilic component are made in rubber substrate
Rubber；
Passive layer material (2)：Select water suction not expanded rubber or the relatively low rubber of expansion rate；
2nd, model is set up：Its original state, including geometry are designed respectively at active layers material according to required anticipation deformed shape
Material (1), the distribution of passive layer material (2), model basic deformation unit active layer material (1) thickness are 0.2-15mm, mould
Passive layer material (2) thickness of type is 0.2-15mm, and phantom thicknesses are 0.1-7mm with width ratio, and length need to combine specific design,
Using three-dimensional software founding mathematical models, product active layer material (1) and quilt are assigned by 3D printing professional software control system
The geometrical model and material properties of dynamic layer material (2), then carry out slicing treatment, obtain active layer material (1) and passive layer material
Material (2) layering printing path data；
3rd, printing shaping：According to the distribution that every layer of active layer material (1) and passive layer material (2) are obtained in step 2 with
And geometrical model, active layer material (1) and passive layer material (2) are deposited on into by printing path using many extruder head printers
On type platform, workbench declines the height of a cross-sectional layers, further according to next layer of active layer material (1) and passive layer material (2)
Deposition path model is deposited, so circulation, ultimately forms product；
4th, post-process：The predeformation structure for completing will be printed to be separated with shaped platform, and be placed in suitable environment
Active layer material (1) and passive layer material (2) solidify makes two kinds of materials produce good interfacial adhesion degree；
5th, 4D printings deform certainly：To be immersed in the water by the structural material of post processing, material perceives the change of environment, producing should
Swash response, change in shape occurs.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611124618.4A CN106738875A (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | A kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying |
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| CN201611124618.4A CN106738875A (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | A kind of 4D Method of printings of programmable Curvature varying |
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Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108744048A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-06 | 重庆科技学院 | A kind of double-deck hydrogel and its preparation method and application that can be achieved from curling |
| CN108943701A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of 4D Method of printing of the continuous fiber embedded composite material of controllable deforming |
| CN109094004A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2018-12-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of 4D printing technology method of preset internal stress |
| WO2019045536A1 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-07 | 광주과학기술원 | Structure and design method for variable three-dimensional printing |
| CN109550930A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-02 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of application of magnetoelastic material in 4D printing |
| CN109624309A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江大学 | The 4D Method of printing of net-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive |
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| CN109664497A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江大学 | The 4D Method of printing of-half honeycomb double-layer structure of cross based on temperature-responsive |
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| CN109774122A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-21 | 浙江大学 | The 4D Method of printing of full honeycomb-wiggle double-layer structure based on temperature-responsive |
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| CN110587775A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 香港城市大学 | Self-deformation method for four-dimensional printing of elastomer-derived ceramics |
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| CN112024834A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-04 | 三鑫重工机械有限公司 | 4D printing system for steel ingot production |
| CN115141014A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-04 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Preparation method of 4D printing ceramic and ceramic part |
| CN113232294A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 陕西科技大学 | Bidirectional deformation structure based on 4D printing |
| CN113500773A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-15 | 吉林大学 | Lobster eye-imitated focused pulse highlight in-situ forming 4D printing device and method |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |