CN106736317B - A kind of segmental machining method of bull gear - Google Patents
A kind of segmental machining method of bull gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN106736317B CN106736317B CN201611074171.4A CN201611074171A CN106736317B CN 106736317 B CN106736317 B CN 106736317B CN 201611074171 A CN201611074171 A CN 201611074171A CN 106736317 B CN106736317 B CN 106736317B
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- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
- B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dovetailed Work, And Nailing Machines And Stapling Machines For Wood (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of segmental machining method of bull gear, wherein the bull gear refers to that reference diameter is more than 6 meters of gear ring, the number of bull gear segmentation is more than 4, and the processing method includes the following steps：It needs each face processed to carry out rough milling tooth section, rough mills out each tooth form；Two end faces of tooth section and intrados are carried out being finish-machined to design size；The tooth form and outer circle and side faying face of tooth section are finished using the digital-control boring-milling machine with rotary table；Step 3）Include the steps that tooth section is positioned by the step being clamped on rotary table using special tooling and milling is carried out to tooth section using process tool.It can realize that machining accuracy is controllable, and processing cost is low to the segmental machining method of bull gear under conditions of without using high-precision numerical control machine with measuring device using the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ring gear machining technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of processing method of bull gear.
Background technology
In the prior art, bull gear（Refer to that outer diameter is more than 6 meters of gear ring）Two sections or four sections are generally divided into be made
Make processing, each tooth section（Each section after bull gear is segmented is known as tooth section）Size it is still very big, cause gear ring to cast hair
The poor quality of base controls, and the case where not meeting design requirement, needing to be repaired using repair welding usually occurs；In addition, existing
When carrying out tooth Profile Machining to cast blank in technology, typically uses large gear special processing equipment and use whole circle Combined machining
Form, thus cause high processing costs, processing efficiency is low, and interchangeability is poor.
If bull gear is divided into multistage, each tooth section is no more than 2 meters（Refer to the reference circle chord length of each segmentation）, hair
Base can be easier to cast, and also be easy to improve the castability of blank；It is also square during the processing installation and use of entire gear ring
Just lifting transport and repair are replaced；It is divided into multistage to be manufactured, using modularized design, single hop production, interchangeability is good, also more holds
Quickly production is easily realized to ensure timely reliable delivery date.
But it is determined by the tooth Profile Machining precision of each tooth section by being divided into the precision after the bull gear of multistage finally assembles
Fixed, the tooth Profile Machining precision of tooth section is mainly straight including the machining accuracy of faying face, the position of tooth form and each section of outer circle between tooth section
The consistency of diameter, if the finishing of each tooth section is using the NC machining lathe with measuring device, lathe has
Automatic measurement and cutter automatic compensation function, tooth section machining accuracy is easy to ensure, but the high-precision with measuring device
The acquisition cost of numerical control machine tool is relatively high, and enterprise does not all have generally.Enterprise is usually constructed with the conventional number with rotary table
Control boring and milling machine, but due to the use of digital-control boring-milling machine do not have automatic measurement and cutter automatic compensation function, therefore, it is difficult to ensure
The machining accuracy of tooth section.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of segmental machining method of bull gear, not only processing cost
It is low, and can ensure the machining accuracy of bull gear.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem used technical solution is the present invention：A kind of segmental machining side of bull gear
Method, wherein the bull gear refers to that reference diameter is more than 6 meters of gear ring, the number of bull gear segmentation is more than 4, described
Processing method include the following steps：
One）, need each face for processing to carry out rough milling tooth section, rough mill out each tooth form；
Two）, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are carried out being finish-machined to design size；
Three）, using the digital-control boring-milling machine with rotary table to the toothed surface and exterior arc surface of tooth section and side faying face into
Row finishing；
It is characterized in that：Step 3）Include the step being clamped in the positioning of tooth section using special tooling on rotary table,
Wherein the special tooling includes one piece of rectangular bottom plate, and the position close to length direction both ends on bottom plate is fixed respectively
If there are one cushion blocks, a positioning pin is respectively equipped on two cushion blocks, two positioning pins are located at the homonymy in baseplate width direction；
The middle part of cushion block is equipped with screw mounting hole, on cushion block with positioning pin at one end the opposite other end be respectively equipped with for milling cutter
By technology groove；A L-shaped step, the width of L-shaped long side and bottom plate are further respectively had at the both ends in floor length direction
Degree direction is parallel, and position of the L-shaped short side on baseplate width direction is consistent with the side residing for positioning pin, on step
It is detachably fixed and is equipped with positioning plate, the upper surface of the positioning plate is no more than the upper surface of cushion block；Two pieces of positioning plates are symmetrical arranged,
And positioning plate is equipped with oblique positioning surface towards the side outside floor length direction, the angle X between two oblique positioning surfaces and tooth section
Design angle between two side faying faces is equal；Positioning plate is equipped with towards the side outside floor length direction for determining tooth
The straight positioning surface I of shape dimensional accuracy, positioning plate are equipped with towards the side outside baseplate width direction for determining exterior arc surface
The straight positioning surface II of dimensional accuracy；Two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are carried out being finish-machined to design size by step 2
Afterwards, make an end face of tooth section be in contact with cushion block tooth section is placed on cushion block, while the inner arc surface of tooth section being made to be close to two
A positioning pin, and the arc median plane of tooth section and the face of dividing equally of two oblique positioning surface angles is made to coincide, it is finally logical using screw
Tooth section is fixed on cushion block by the screw mounting hole crossed on the through-hole and cushion block being located in tooth section.
Further, step 3）In, the finishing of toothed surface and exterior arc surface and side faying face to tooth section, including essence
Cylindrical milling cambered surface is to design size, straight positioning surface II 303 that can be by positioning plate in width direction side, measures monitoring exterior arc surface
Dimensional accuracy, then rotary table, two side faying faces of finish-milling tooth section, with the oblique positioning surface of positioning plate in special tooling
The precision for detecting side faying face processing dimension, makes the angle between two side faying faces and the angle X between two oblique positioning surfaces
It is equal；Multiple rotary workbench later therebetween can be by measuring tooth using molding each toothed surface of milling cutter milling to design size
The measurement of straight positioning surface I 302, the distance of straight positioning surface II 303 and transverse tooth thickness is pushed up to monitor per tooth positional precision, finish-milling tooth form
Milling Process is carried out using the multiple feed of small cutting output when face, toothed surface is changed to drill bit after processing is completed, by molding milling cutter,
Drill out on the faying face of side it is each for connection hole, then by bit change-over be borer boring each refined hole therein to design
Size.
Further, step 1）The rough milling includes rough milling and rough milling for the second time for the first time, is rough milled for the first time
Before, the step of also marking trim line and center line to the cast blank of tooth section there are one tools, this is marked as crosses for the first time；
The first time rough mills specially：Two side faying faces of milling tooth section, two end faces, inner arc surface, outer circles to the layout line
Cambered surface and toothed surface, after rough milling for the first time, each machined surface of tooth section reserves larger surplus；It is rough milling and is rough milling for the second time for the first time
Between further include following four steps：
1., the step of first time ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section；
2., the step of tooth section is heat-treated；
3., to tooth section surface carry out bead the step of；
4., crossed again to the tooth section after bead, i.e., second crosses, this scribing line content is included in tooth section
Trim line and center line are marked in surface, and scribing line meets that each face surplus is uniform, and this scribing line surplus is less than the remaining of scribing line for the first time
Amount；
After aforementioned four step, then tooth section is rough milled for the second time to the layout line；
After rough milling for the second time, second of ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section, then carries out third time scribing line, the
In crossing three times, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are crossed according to design size, that is, surplus of crossing is zero, remaining is each
Surplus is crossed than scribing line surplus smaller for the second time in face, but is not zero；Subsequently into next step 2）；
Further, by step 3）After being finished to tooth section, also there are following steps：
1）, coloration detection：Dye penetrant inspection detection is carried out to the flank of tooth, ensures that tooth section surface processing quality meets design requirement,
As defective, remedied using repair welding reprocessing；
2）, remaining hole other than each hole of offside faying face crosses；
3）, according to step 2）Scribing line drilling tooth section on corresponding aperture；
4）, removal tooth section on each Working position burr；
5）, accuracy detection is carried out to each critical size of tooth section；
6）, assembling：Institute is put together for teeth section, the faying face alignment of two neighboring tooth section passes through side using bolt
Connection holes on faying face are fixedly connected；
7）, check the size of tooth pitch at gear ring reference diameter and faying face, comply with design requirement.
Advantageous effect：
Using the present invention, in the finishing passes of tooth section, as a result of special tooling, to ensure that clamping is secured
Under the premise of, it is ensured that：
1. tooth section quickly positions.Each straight positioning by the special tooling of centering after special tooling to workbench is installed first
Face determines the relative position of be actually the loaded position and digital-control boring-milling machine work table rotation center of special tooling, so that it is determined that tooth
The relative position of the centre of gyration and digital-control boring-milling machine work table rotation center of section, is loaded after tooth section and no longer carries out centering, pass through
Quickly, tooth section is accurately positioned in the positioning pin of special tooling and each positioning surface of positioning plate；
2. making the processing of external arc that can measure monitoring（By two straight positioning surfaces II 303 of itself and positioning plate width direction
It compares and is monitored）；
3. monitoring can be measured in the process of tooth section side faying face（By itself and the oblique positioning surface on positioning plate
301, which compare, is monitored）；
4. make its position in the process of tooth section toothed surface that can measure monitoring,（By the straight positioning of itself and positioning plate
Face I compares with straight positioning surface II and is monitored）, the final finishing realized on common digital-control boring-milling machine to tooth section, no
It only can guarantee machining accuracy, and processing efficiency can be improved, reduce processing cost on the whole.
Further specific detailed description is done to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of special tooling used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A direction views of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the B direction views of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is that tooth section is placed on the status diagram in tooling.
Fig. 5 is the C of Fig. 4 to schematic diagram.
In figure, 1, bottom plate, 2, cushion block, 201, screw mounting hole, 202, technology groove, 3, positioning plate, 301, oblique positioning surface,
302, straight positioning surface I, 303, straight positioning surface II, 4, positioning pin, 5, tooth section, 501, Inner arc part, 502, side engaging portion, 503,
Outer circle arc portion, 504, middle interconnecting piece.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of segmental machining method of bull gear, wherein the bull gear refers to that reference diameter is more than 6 meters of tooth
The number of circle, bull gear segmentation is more than 4, and the processing method includes the following steps：
One）, need each face for processing to carry out rough milling tooth section, and rough mill out each tooth form；
Wherein the rough milling includes rough milling and rough milling for the second time for the first time, before rough milling for the first time, is also had
One the step of marking trim line and center line to the cast blank of tooth section, the trim line includes for defining inner arc surface
The inner circle-line of material removal amount, the outer round wires for defining exterior arc surface material removal amount, for define processing upper surface and under
The boundary line of face material removal amount and for define segmentation face material removal amount boundary line（Segmentation end face is side knot
Conjunction face）And teeth outline, this is marked as crosses for the first time, and scribing line surplus is bigger.Material removal described herein refers to passing through
The material of cutting removal tooth section surface.
It is processed as this field routine techniques according to scribing line, repeats no more herein.
The first time rough mills specially：According to each face of above-mentioned drawn each line milling tooth section（Inner arc surface, outer circle
Cambered surface, upper surface, lower face and two side faying faces and toothed surface）, after rough milling for the first time, each machined surface of tooth section reserve compared with
Big surplus；Further include following four steps between rough milling and rough milling for the second time for the first time：
1., the step of first time ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section；
2., the step of tooth section is heat-treated；
3., to tooth section surface carry out bead the step of；
4., crossed again to the tooth section after bead（Second of scribing line）, this scribing line content be included in tooth section
Surface mark this processing will foundation trim line and center line, it is uniform that scribing line meets each face surplus, second of scribing line surplus
Less than the surplus of first time scribing line；
After aforementioned four step, tooth section is rough milled for the second time according to second of scribing line.
After rough milling for the second time, second of ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section, then carries out third time scribing line, the
In crossing three times, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are crossed according to design size, that is, surplus of crossing is zero, remaining is each
Surplus is crossed than scribing line surplus smaller for the second time in face, but is not zero；Subsequently into next step；
Two）, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are carried out being finish-machined to design size；
Three）, using the digital-control boring-milling machine with rotary table to the toothed surface and exterior arc surface of tooth section and side faying face into
Row finishing（The side faying face is the faying face that tooth section is connected with each other）.
This step 3）It specifically includes and tooth section is positioned using special tooling by step and the use being clamped on rotary table
The step of process tool finishes the toothed surface and exterior arc surface and side faying face of tooth section.
Wherein the special tooling includes one piece of rectangular bottom plate 1, close to the portion at length direction both ends on bottom plate 1
Position is fixed with a cushion block 2 respectively（If gear ring to be processed is bigger, tooth section arc is long, can be in two cushion blocks 2
Between be further added by a cushion block 2, referring to attached drawing, as in present embodiment）, a positioning is respectively equipped on two cushion blocks
Pin 4, two positioning pins are located at the homonymy of 1 width direction of bottom plate；The middle part of cushion block 2 be equipped with screw mounting hole 201, on cushion block with
Positioning pin 4 at one end the opposite other end be respectively equipped with for milling cutter by technology groove 202；In 1 length direction of bottom plate
Both ends further respectively have a L-shaped step, and L-shaped long side is parallel with the width direction of bottom plate 1, and L-shaped short side is in bottom plate 1
Position in width direction is consistent with the side residing for positioning pin 4, is detachably fixed on step equipped with positioning plate 3, for example,
Positioning plate 3 can be fixed by screws on the step of bottom plate 1, and the head of screw is not higher than the upper surface of positioning plate.The positioning
The upper surface of plate 3 is no more than the upper surface of cushion block 2, the preferably upper end with the corresponding end-faces flush of bottom plate 1 or a little higher than bottom plate 1
Face（It is consistent that "upper" described in this paragraph and Fig. 3 rotate clockwise the gained "upper" of attached drawing itself after 90 degree）.
Two pieces of positioning plates 3 are symmetrical arranged, and positioning plate is towards outside floor length direction（I.e. back to floor length direction phase
Answer end）Side be equipped with oblique positioning surface 301 and straight positioning surface I 302, the angle X between two oblique positioning surfaces 301 and tooth section two
Design angle between a side faying face is equal, opposite with floor length direction central symmetry between two straight positioning surfaces I 302,
Positioning plate is equipped with straight positioning surface II 303 towards the side outside baseplate width direction, parallel with the line of two positioning pins, passes through
Straight positioning surface I 302, straight positioning surface II 303 can determine position of the special tooling relative to digital-control boring-milling machine work table rotation center
Distance, specifically can by coordinate method using digital-control boring-milling machine work table rotation center as origin determine each positioning surface in workbench
On position.
By step 2）Two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are carried out after being finish-machined to design size, tooth section is made
One end face is in contact with cushion block 2 is placed on the support of tooth section on cushion block 2, while the inner arc surface of tooth section being made to be close to two positioning
Pin 4, and make the arc median plane of tooth section and floor length direction divides face equally（And two oblique positioning surface angles divide face equally）
It coincides, is later fixed on tooth section 5 with the screw mounting hole 201 on cushion block 2 by the through-hole being located in tooth section 5 using screw
On cushion block 2.
Step 3）In, the finishing step of toothed surface and exterior arc surface and side faying face to tooth section is specific as follows：First
Finish-milling exterior arc surface is to design size, therebetween, can pass through exterior arc surface each point（Also it can only select and represent a little, for example pass through measurement
The intersection point of tooth section center line and exterior arc surface measures）Distance relative to straight positioning surface II 303 monitors adding for exterior arc surface
Chinese musical scale is very little, then rotary table, two side faying faces of finish-milling tooth section, with the oblique positioning surface 301 of positioning plate in special tooling
Detect the precision of side faying face processing dimension and the precision of angle（It specifically can be by measuring between side faying face and oblique positioning surface
Distance is detected, and when two faces coincidences, then meets processing request）, ensure the chord length of tooth section reference circle, and two sides is made to combine
The angle X between angle and two oblique positioning surfaces 301 between face is equal as the satisfactory verification of both sides faying face processing（This
Text it is described it is equal refer to meeting tolerance, as long as the two is in the margin of tolerance of design requirement, you can think equal）；
Multiple rotary workbench later, using molding each toothed surface of milling cutter milling to design size, when finish-milling toothed surface
Milling Process is carried out using the multiple feed of small cutting output, specially：A cutting output is first determined, by rotary table, by tooth
After all toothed surfaces are processed one time in section, then a cutting output is selected to carry out secondary feed, needs are selected according to the size of tooth form
The number of processing, until the complete completion of processing of toothed surface, therebetween, by monitoring tooth top endpoint to straight positioning surface I 302, Yi Jizhi
The distance between positioning surface II 303 monitors the positional precision of toothed surface at the faying face of side.
Toothed surface is changed to drill bit after processing is completed, by molding milling cutter, drills out intersegmental mutually for tooth on the faying face of side
Each connecting hole of connection（Abbreviation side each hole of faying face）, then by bit change-over be borer boring side each refined hole of faying face arrive
Design size.The wherein described refined hole refers to finish and all higher hole of dimension precision requirement in design requirement, according to figure
Paper mark is determined.
By step 3）After being finished to tooth section, also there are following steps：
1）, coloration detection：Dye penetrant inspection detection is carried out to toothed surface, tooth section surface processing quality is made to meet design requirement；
2）, remaining hole other than each hole of offside faying face（Be primarily referred to as on inner arc surface install gear ring when for it is related
The bolt hole that part is connected）The step of being crossed；
3）, according to step 2）Scribing line drilling tooth section on corresponding aperture；
4）, removal tooth section on each Working position burr；
5）, accuracy detection is carried out to each critical size of tooth section；
6）, assembling：Institute is put together for teeth section, the side faying face alignment of two neighboring tooth section is passed through using bolt
Connecting hole on the faying face of side is fixedly connected 7）, check the size of tooth pitch at gear compound graduation circular diameter and side faying face, make
It meets design requirement.
Embodiment：
Below with outer diameter（Tip diameter）For the present invention will be described in detail for the bull gear of 8000mm, the mould of the bull gear
Number is 40, the number of teeth 198, material selection ZG42CrMo.
The bull gear is divided into 16 sections and carries out manufacture processing, wherein 13 sections, in each tooth section between two side faying faces
Angle is 21.8182 degree（Each tooth 12 teeth of section）, in addition the angle in 3 sections of each tooth sections between two side faying faces be
25.4545 degree（Each tooth 14 teeth of section）.
Each tooth section blank is cast by segmentation requirement first, then each tooth section blank is machined, will finally be added
16 good tooth sections of work link together be made outer diameter be 8000mm bull gear.Because of the processing technology mistake of each tooth section blank
Journey is identical, is illustrated for wherein one section below.
1, it crosses for the first time：Trim line and center line are marked in the outer surface of tooth section blank, ensures that each face surplus is uniform, the
Surplus of the primary scribing line with each finished size more than the minimum 10mm of design size is crossed, the choosing of the present embodiment surplus
12mm。
When tooth section blank is cast, structure is the prior art, such as Fig. 4（Reality as shown in the figure has been by slightly adding
The tooth section of work, but it is still identical as the structure of tooth section blank）It is shown, mainly there are Inner arc part 501, outer circle arc portion 503, side
Engaging portion 502 and middle interconnecting piece 504 are constituted, and middle interconnecting piece 504 is non-processing part.
2, it rough mills for the first time：According to clamping positioning method in the prior art in lathe（Non- numerical control can be used when rough milling to set
It is standby）On to each face of tooth section carry out milling, by inner arc surface, exterior arc surface, upper surface, lower face and two side faying faces and tooth
Shape face is milled into scribing position, and wherein tooth section carries out adjusting dress twice.
3, it detects a flaw：After the first time of step 2 rough mills, 100% ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section, if
It was found that defect, then remedied by the way of repair welding reprocessing.
4, it is heat-treated：Modifier treatment is carried out to the tooth section to conform to quality requirements by step 3 flaw detection, ensures workpiece machine
Tool performance, for the modifier treatment in this step using the heat treatment process for being adapted to ZG42CrMo in the prior art, this place is no longer detailed
It states.
5, shot-peening：Tooth section after being heat-treated to step 4 carries out conventional bead with scale removal, then in tooth section
It is primed on non-processing face as protective layer, this step bead also uses routine techniques.
6, it crosses for second：It is identical with first time scribing line content, only surplus smaller, the present embodiment according to 5mm surplus
It crosses, each face surplus is uniform.
7, it rough mills for the second time：Dress is adjusted to press each machined surface of line milling twice, unilateral each made allowance is not less than after the completion of milling
5mm。
8, it detects a flaw for second：Each face after being processed to step 7 carries out 100% ultrasonic examination again, such as defective using benefit
Weldering reprocessing is remedied, and ensures that each face quality meets design requirement.
9, third time is crossed：Camber line content with it is preceding identical twice, ensure that each face surplus is uniform；During third time is crossed, tooth section
Two end faces and inner arc surface cross according to design size, that is, surplus of crossing is zero, remaining each face scribing line surplus is
3mm, subsequently into next step.
10, half finish-milling：Finish-milling both ends of the surface and inner arc surface are to design size, by scribing line two side faying face allowances of milling
3mm, exterior arc surface allowance 3mm, each toothed surface allowance 3mm.
11, finish-milling：Special tooling is placed on the workbench of digital-control boring-milling machine, centering is next；By tooth section according to above-mentioned
Step 3）Requirement be placed in special tooling and clamp.
Finish-milling exterior arc surface is to design size first, therebetween, outer circle is monitored by the distance relative to straight positioning surface II 303
The processing dimension of cambered surface, then rotary table, two side faying faces of finish-milling tooth section are determined with the oblique of positioning plate in special tooling
Plane 301 detects the precision of side faying face processing dimension and the precision of angle, ensures the chord length of tooth section reference circle, and makes two sides
Angle between faying face is equal with the angle X between two oblique positioning surfaces 301；
Multiple rotary workbench later uses molding milling cutter（Special flank of tooth milling cutter mill teeth, special tooth root milling cutter can be used
Process tooth root）Each toothed surface of milling carries out Milling Process when finish-milling toothed surface to design size using the multiple feed of small cutting output,
Specially：It first determines a cutting output, by rotary table, after all toothed surfaces are processed one time in tooth section, then selects one
A cutting output carries out secondary feed, the number processed is needed according to the selection of the size of tooth form, until the complete completion of processing of toothed surface.
It is indexed using the revolution of workbench in this step, angle does not add up when per tooth indexes, using the angle of the per tooth directly calculated
Degree completes the processing of tooth section tooth form, therebetween by monitor tooth top endpoint to straight positioning surface I 302 and directly positioning surface II 303 it
Between distance monitoring side close face at toothed surface positional precision.Toothed surface is changed to drill bit after processing is completed, by molding milling cutter,
Drill out each connecting hole that the intersegmental interconnection of tooth is used on the faying face of side（Abbreviation side each hole of faying face）, then by bit change-over be boring
The corresponding each refined hole of spot facing cutter boring is to design size
12）, coloration detection：Dye penetrant inspection detection is carried out to toothed surface, tooth section surface processing quality is made to meet design requirement；
13）, bolt hole for being connected with associated part is crossed when installing gear ring on inner arc surface to referring to；
14）, according to step 13）Scribing line drilling tooth section on corresponding aperture；
15）, removal tooth section on each Working position burr；
16）, using three-coordinates measuring machine to each critical size of tooth section（Two reference diameter of gear, tooth section side knots
Angle, tooth pitch of conjunction face angle etc.）Carry out accuracy detection makes it meet design requirement if there is deviation to be modified.
17）, assembling：16 tooth sections are put together, the side faying face alignment of two neighboring tooth section is passed through using bolt
Connection is fixed in connecting hole on the faying face of side；
18）, check the size of tooth pitch at gear ring reference diameter and side faying face, comply with design requirement.
Non- detailed portion is the prior art herein.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of segmental machining method of bull gear, wherein the bull gear refers to that reference diameter is more than 6 meters of gear ring,
The number of bull gear segmentation is more than 4, and the processing method includes the following steps：
One）, need each face for processing to carry out rough milling tooth section, rough mill out each tooth form；
Two）, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are carried out being finish-machined to design size；
Three）, using the digital-control boring-milling machine with rotary table essence is carried out to the toothed surface and exterior arc surface and side faying face of tooth section
Processing；
It is characterized in that：Step 3）Include the step being clamped in the positioning of tooth section using special tooling on rotary table, wherein
The special tooling includes one piece of rectangular bottom plate（1）, in bottom plate（1）The upper position close to length direction both ends is solid respectively
Surely cushion block there are one setting（2）, a positioning pin is respectively equipped on two cushion blocks（4）, two positioning pins are located at bottom plate（1）Width
The homonymy in direction；Cushion block（2）Middle part be equipped with screw mounting hole（201）, on cushion block with positioning pin（4）It is opposite at one end
The other end be respectively equipped with for milling cutter by technology groove（202）；In bottom plate（1）The both ends of length direction further respectively have one
L-shaped step, L-shaped long side and bottom plate（1）Width direction it is parallel, L-shaped short side is in bottom plate（1）Position in width direction
It sets and positioning pin（4）Residing side is consistent, and dismountable stationary positioned plate is equipped on step（3）, the positioning plate（3）
Upper surface be no more than cushion block（2）Upper surface；Two pieces of positioning plates（3）It is symmetrical arranged, and positioning plate is towards floor length direction
External side is equipped with oblique positioning surface（301）, setting between two side faying faces of angle X and tooth section between two oblique positioning surfaces
It is equal to count angle；Positioning plate is equipped with the straight positioning surface for determining tooth proportions precision towards the side outside floor length direction
Ⅰ（302）, positioning plate is equipped with the straight positioning of dimensional accuracy for determining exterior arc surface towards the side outside baseplate width direction
Face II（303）；After step 2 carries out being finish-machined to design size to two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface, make tooth section
One end face and cushion block（2）It is in contact and tooth section is placed on cushion block（2）On, while the inner arc surface of tooth section being made to be close to two positioning
Pin（4）, and the arc median plane of tooth section and the face of dividing equally of two oblique positioning surface angles is made to coincide, finally use screw by setting
Through-hole in tooth section and cushion block（2）On screw mounting hole（201）By tooth section（5）It is fixed on cushion block（2）On.
2. a kind of segmental machining method of bull gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3）In, to tooth section
Toothed surface and the finishing of exterior arc surface and side faying face include finish-milling exterior arc surface to design size, therebetween, pass through positioning
Straight positioning surface II of the plate in width direction side（303）, the dimensional accuracy of monitoring exterior arc surface is measured, then rotary table, essence
Two side faying faces of mill teeth section detect the precision of side faying face processing dimension with the oblique positioning surface of positioning plate in special tooling,
Keep the angle X between the angle between two side faying faces and two oblique positioning surfaces equal；Multiple rotary workbench later uses
Each toothed surface of milling cutter milling is molded to design size, therebetween, by measuring tooth top to straight positioning surface I（302）, straight positioning surface II
（303）Distance and the measurement of transverse tooth thickness monitor per tooth positional precision, when finish-milling toothed surface, uses the multiple feed of small cutting output
Milling Process is carried out, toothed surface is changed to drill bit after processing is completed, by molding milling cutter, drills out each for connecting on the faying face of side
The hole connect, then by bit change-over be on borer boring faying face each refined hole to design size.
3. a kind of segmental machining method of bull gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1）Described is thick
Milling Machining includes rough milling and rough milling for the second time for the first time, and before rough milling for the first time, also there are one the cast blanks to tooth section for tool
The step of marking trim line and center line, this is marked as crosses for the first time；The first time rough mills specially：To the layout line
Two side faying faces, two end faces, inner arc surface, exterior arc surface and the toothed surface of milling tooth section, after rough milling for the first time, tooth section is each
Machined surface reserves larger surplus；Further include following four steps between rough milling and rough milling for the second time for the first time：
1., the step of first time ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section；
2., the step of tooth section is heat-treated；
3., to tooth section surface carry out bead the step of；
4., crossed again to the tooth section after bead, i.e., second crosses, this scribing line content is included in tooth section surface
Mark trim line and center line, scribing line meets that each face surplus is uniform, and this scribing line surplus is less than surplus of scribing line for the first time；
After aforementioned four step, then tooth section is rough milled for the second time to the layout line；
After rough milling for the second time, second of ultrasonic examination is carried out to each machined surface of tooth section, then carries out third time scribing line, third time
In scribing line, two end faces of tooth section and inner arc surface are crossed according to design size, that is, surplus of crossing is zero, remaining each face is drawn
Than second scribing line surplus smaller of line surplus, but be not zero；Subsequently into next step 2）.
4. a kind of segmental machining method of bull gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By step 3）To tooth
After Duan Jinhang finishing, also there are following steps：
1）, coloration detection：Dye penetrant inspection detection is carried out to the flank of tooth, ensures that tooth section surface processing quality meets design requirement, if any
Defect is remedied using repair welding reprocessing；
2）, remaining hole other than each hole of offside faying face crosses；
3）, according to step 2）Scribing line drilling tooth section on corresponding aperture；
4）, removal tooth section on each Working position burr；
5）, accuracy detection is carried out to each critical size of tooth section；
6）, assembling：Institute is put together for teeth section, the faying face alignment of two neighboring tooth section is combined using bolt by side
Connection holes on face are fixedly connected；
7）, check the size of tooth pitch at gear ring reference diameter and faying face, comply with design requirement.
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| CN110193708B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-11-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十九研究所 | Method for machining ultra-large-diameter multi-section type gear ring |
| CN110977342B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-08-03 | 安庆中船动力配套有限公司 | Split machining process for connecting rod |
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| CN111185639B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-01-05 | 洛阳新强联回转支承股份有限公司 | Machining method for gear milling of gear ring of super-huge slewing bearing |
| CN112548507B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Method for processing carburizing and quenching large internal gear ring |
| CN112935727B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2023-05-02 | 一重集团(黑龙江)重工有限公司 | Split type lower ring machining method |
| CN114406621A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-29 | 成都航天精诚科技有限公司 | Manufacturing and detecting method of combined large-size high-precision strip-shaped workpiece |
| CN114505719A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-17 | 安徽天地通重型机械有限公司 | Method for processing rotary kiln large gear ring casting blank |
| CN114505658B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-03-17 | 中实洛阳重型机械有限公司 | Machining method of sectional type gear ring |
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