CN106735184B - A kind of high B4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate - Google Patents

A kind of high B4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106735184B
CN106735184B CN201611079376.1A CN201611079376A CN106735184B CN 106735184 B CN106735184 B CN 106735184B CN 201611079376 A CN201611079376 A CN 201611079376A CN 106735184 B CN106735184 B CN 106735184B
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aluminium
neutron absorber
absorber material
aluminum
steel pipe
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CN106735184A (en
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王全兆
王东
肖伯律
倪丁瑞
马宗义
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Zhongke composite (Binzhou) new material Co.,Ltd.
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0057Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F2003/145Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of high B of spentnuclear fuel storing4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate, comprising the following steps: (1), by the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy pad in Steel pipe mould lower end seal;(2), boron carbide-aluminum or aluminum alloy mixed-powder is packed into Steel pipe mould, Steel pipe mould upper end seals and is cold-pressed;(3), the Steel pipe mould being sealed is placed in progress hot pressed sintering in vacuum hotpressing stove and prepares fine and close billet;(4), the billet with aluminum or aluminum alloy pad is hot extruded into band plate, for aluminum or aluminum alloy pad preceding, band plate surface after extruding covers one layer of aluminium clad when extruding;(5), the extruded band plate with aluminium clad is cut into after required size hot rolling of annealing repeatedly, removes upper and lower surface aluminium clad (or not removing) when plate rolling is to certain thickness, then annealing hot rolling obtains final B repeatedly4C/Al neutron absorber material plate.High B can be rolled out under higher efficiency using this method4The aluminium base neutron absorber material plate of C content.

Description

A kind of high B4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate
Technical field
The invention belongs to spentnuclear fuel storing aluminium base neutron absorber material preparation fields, specifically provide a kind of high B4C content The high efficiency preparation method of aluminium base neutron absorber material plate.The material can be used for manufacturing spent fuel dry-type storage, shipping container The fields such as screen work.
Background technique
The used nuclear fuel of nuclear power station is commonly referred to as spentnuclear fuel, and according to statistics, a mega kilowatt nuclear power generators is every year about Draw off about 20 tons of spentnuclear fuels.Because spentnuclear fuel post-processing difficulty is big, at high cost, most countries all take the side temporarily stored at present Formula is divided into wet process storage and dry storage.General spentnuclear fuel is first temporarily store in spent fuel storage tank after drawing off from reactor (5~15) year is deposited, carry out wet type or dry type AFR storage again to a certain extent to spentnuclear fuel decay or is post-processed.
Can be high because newly drawing off spentnuclear fuel decay, high density storage is realized in Spent Fuel Pool, needed in high boron content Sub- absorbing material safeguards the subcritical state of spentnuclear fuel.As created in the Boral largely used in Spent Fuel Pool at present Sub- absorbing material is mainly with 31%B4Based on C content.The main application form of neutron absorber material is plate, boron carbide aluminium base neutron The customary preparation methods of absorbing material are mainly that prepared by billet, band plate squeezes, slab is annealed repeatedly, and production board is made in hot rolling.At present The high-compactness aluminium base neutron absorber material largely used mainly uses a kind of casting (such as patent " boron carbide aluminium base composite wood Material and neutron absorber plate ", application No. is 201410560252.X), powder metallurgy pressureless sintering method (such as patent " B4C-Al is compound Material preparation method ", application No. is 201010607497.5) and hot pressing sintering method (such as patent " inhale by a kind of aluminum-based boron carbide neutron Recover the preparation method of condensation material ", 201110224888.3) etc. application No. is.Wherein casting is difficult to prepare high B4C content aluminium Base neutron absorber material billet, use on a small quantity at present be less than 30%B4Based on C;Powder metallurgy pressureless sintering method prepares high B4C When content aluminium base neutron absorber material billet, because aluminium self sintering can be poor, in addition a large amount of B4The presence of C particle is difficult to obtain Fine and close billet.Hot pressing sintering method is to obtain the high B of high-compactness4The most effective side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material billet Method.However high B4C content aluminium base neutron absorber material is because carbonization boron content is high, and plasticity is low under room temperature and high temperature, therefore thermal change Shape is difficult, and the process is not controlled properly in extruding and the operation of rolling easily causes to crack.And boron carbide particles grind extrusion die Larger, reduction Life of Die for Extruding Aluminium Alloy is damaged, low extruding efficiency and high die cost are caused.More importantly conventional high boron carbide Content aluminium base neutron absorber material is typically necessary more than 30 passages from slab to production board and anneals hot rolling technology repeatedly to complete, and leads Cause its production efficiency low, at high cost.
In recent years, Japan high B newly developed4C content aluminium base neutron absorber material, and be named asPreparation method be that mixed-powder is packed into aluminium box to seal sintering, then hot rolling of annealing repeatedly (upper and lower level is aluminium to a kind of manufactured sandwich structure, and middle layer is high B4C content aluminium base neutron absorber material), althoughCore B4C may be up to 50%, but becauseFor slab without extrusion process, slab consistency is poor, Grain is low with the bond strength of aluminium base sheet, and rolling efficiency is relatively low.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide high B4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate, solution Certainly existing method prepares high B4Extrusion die abrasion is high in C content aluminium base neutron absorber material billet hardly possible, extrusion process and easily opens It splits and problem that rolling efficiency is low, suitable for the preparation for manufacturing the storage of spentnuclear fuel wet process, transporting efficient neutron absorber material.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of high B of spentnuclear fuel storing4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate, feature It is, comprising the following steps:
(1), certain thickness pure aluminum or aluminum alloy pad in Steel pipe mould lower end is sealed;
(2), boron carbide-aluminium or boron carbide-aluminium alloy mixed-powder are packed into Steel pipe mould, the sealing of Steel pipe mould upper end And it is cold-pressed;
(3), the Steel pipe mould being sealed is placed in progress hot pressed sintering in vacuum hotpressing stove and prepares fine and close billet;
(4), the billet with aluminum or aluminum alloy pad is hot extruded into band plate at a certain temperature, aluminum or aluminum alloy pad when extruding In preceding, one layer of certain thickness aluminium clad of band plate surface covering after extruding;
(5), the extruded band plate with aluminium clad is cut into after required size hot rolling of being annealed repeatedly at a certain temperature, Upper and lower surface aluminium clad is removed when plate rolling is to certain thickness, then hot rolling of being annealed repeatedly obtains final B4In C/Al Sub- absorbing material plate;Or surfaces of aluminum clad is not removed, finally it is rolled into the sandwich structure plate of the clad containing aluminium.
Wherein, in step (1), the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy mat thickness be preferably diameter of steel tube in Steel pipe mould 10~ 20%.
In step (2), B in the mixed-powder4C content is 20~40wt%, and particle size is 3~50 microns, mixing After powder is packed into Steel pipe mould, Steel pipe mould upper end graphite paper and steel pad are sealed, then are cold-pressed to 50~80% consistency, described Aluminium alloy is preferably 6 ××× line aluminium alloys.
In step (3), hot pressed sintering temperature be 560~650 DEG C, soaking time be 0.5~5h, hot pressing pressure be 10~ 100MPa.After obtaining billet, the billet containing aluminium and aluminium alloy pad is removed into surface impurity defect from machining after mold taking-up.
In step (4), aluminum or aluminum alloy pad squeezes 400~500 DEG C of holding temperature, keeps the temperature 0.1~5h preceding when extruding, Extrusion ratio is greater than 4:1.
In step (5), by the hot rolling at 350~500 DEG C after the extruded band plate with aluminium clad as required size truncation It makes, per pass annealing process are as follows: 0.5~5h is kept the temperature at 400~500 DEG C, per pass rolling reduction 10~30%.The operation of rolling In, whether the sandwich structure plate with aluminium clad is required according to production board, determine when being rolled down to 8~12mm thickness whether machine Processing removal surfaces of aluminum clad.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
High B of the invention4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate and biography preparation method phase Than the metallurgical bonding between aluminium pad and aluminium base neutron absorber material may be implemented, when billet squeezes, aluminium pad is formed in band plate surface On the one hand one layer of zero defect protective layer to play good lubricant effect avoids aluminium base neutron absorber material to extruding The abrasion of mold is to improve Life of Die for Extruding Aluminium Alloy;On the other hand, under the lubricating action of aluminium pad, aluminium base neutron absorber material is squeezed It is not easy to form crackle during pressure, and expands the extrusion process window of aluminium base neutron absorber material.Band plate with aluminium clad During the rolling process, because aluminium clad has good plastic deformation ability, it can inhibit the generation of aluminium base neutron absorber material edge Crackle to solve the problems, such as that fringe region is easy to crack in the aluminum-based composite material plate operation of rolling, and rolls between improving per pass Deflection processed, to improve production efficiency and product qualification rate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
By 40wt%B4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B444 microns of C particle mean size) it is packed into the steel of diameter 380mm In pipe mold, 6061 aluminium alloy pads of one end 75mm thickness are sealed, and other end graphite paper and steel pad seal, and cold moudling is extremely 60% consistency.Then the billet of consistency 99.5% is hot pressed into using 640 DEG C × 4h 50MPa technique in vacuum hotpressing stove, Billet removes surface impurity after mold taking-up, retains aluminium mat thickness 70mm.Aluminium pad end is placed in extruding front, at 460 DEG C It is squeezed into the band plate that section is 290 × 30mm, forms the aluminium clad of one layer of uniform thickness with plate surface, band plate is without cracking.It will Band plate is cut into mono- section of 350~500mm, under 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 10~15% rolling reductions through 6~ 8 passages are rolled to 11mm, after the machining removal of upper and lower surface aluminium clad, then in 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process and 12 per pass It is rolled to 2.7mm through 7~9 passages under~18% rolling reduction, and forms final finished plate.
The 40wt%B manufactured using the embodiment4C/6061 billet extrusion process can be rolled without splitting by 13~17 passages Finished product plate is produced, sheet edge cracking is small in the operation of rolling.
Comparative example 1
By 40wt%B4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B444 microns of C particle mean size) diameter is packed into as 380mm's In Steel pipe mould, both ends graphite paper and steel pad are sealed, cold moudling to 60% consistency.Then it is used in vacuum hotpressing stove 640 DEG C × 4h 50MPa technique is hot pressed into the billet of consistency 99.5%, and billet removes surface impurity after mold taking-up.? The band plate that section is 290 × 30mm is squeezed at 460 DEG C, band plate two sides form sawtooth crackle.Band plate two sides crackle is removed After be cut into mono- section of 450~600mm, under 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 5~8% rolling reductions through about 28~ 35 passages are rolled to 2.7mm.
The 40wt%B manufactured using the comparative example4C/6061 billet two sides when squeezing form sawtooth crackle, roll Sheet edge cracking is big in journey, and rejection rate is high.
Embodiment 2
By 33wt%B4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B428 microns of C particle mean size) it is packed into the steel of diameter 450mm In pipe mold, 6061 aluminium alloy pads of one end 90mm thickness are sealed, and other end graphite paper and steel pad seal, and cold moudling is extremely 70% consistency.Then the billet of consistency 99.8% is hot pressed into using 620 DEG C × 4h 50MPa technique in vacuum hotpressing stove, Billet removes surface impurity after mold taking-up, retains aluminium mat thickness 80mm.Aluminium pad end is placed in extruding front, at 460 DEG C It is squeezed into the band plate that section is 290 × 30mm, forms the aluminium clad of one layer of uniform thickness with plate surface, band plate is without cracking.It will Band plate is cut into mono- section of 350~500mm, under 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 15~20% rolling reductions through 5~ 6 passages are rolled to 10mm, after the machining removal of upper and lower surface aluminium clad, then in 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process and 17 per pass It is rolled to 2.7mm through 6~7 passages under~22% rolling reduction, and forms final finished plate.
The 33wt%B manufactured using the embodiment4C/6061 billet extrusion process can be rolled without splitting by 11~13 passages Finished product plate is produced, sheet edge cracking is small in the operation of rolling.
Comparative example 2
By 33%wtB4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B428 microns of C particle mean size) diameter is packed into as 450mm's In Steel pipe mould, both ends graphite paper and steel pad are sealed, cold moudling to 70% consistency.Then it is used in vacuum hotpressing stove 620 DEG C × 4h 50MPa technique is hot pressed into the billet of consistency 99.8%, and billet removes surface impurity after mold taking-up.? The band plate that section is 290 × 30mm is squeezed at 450 DEG C, band plate two sides form sawtooth crackle.Band plate two sides crackle is removed After be cut into mono- section of 400~550mm, through about 24 under 450 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 6~10% rolling reductions ~28 passages are rolled to 2.7mm.
The 33wt%B manufactured using the embodiment4The two sides when squeezing C/6061 form sawtooth crackle, in the operation of rolling Sheet edge cracking is big, high rejection rate.
Embodiment 3
By 21wt%B4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B43.5 microns of C particle mean size) it is packed into diameter 380mm's In Steel pipe mould, the aluminium pad of one end 40mm thickness is sealed, and other end graphite paper and steel pad seal, cold moudling to 75% densification Degree.Then the billet of consistency 99.9% is hot pressed into using 580 DEG C × 4h 70MPa technique in vacuum hotpressing stove, billet is from mould Tool removes surface impurity after taking out, retain aluminium mat thickness 35mm.Aluminium pad end is placed in extruding front, is squeezed into and cuts at 420 DEG C Face is the band plate of 290 × 30mm, the aluminium clad of one layer of uniform thickness is formed with plate surface, band plate is without cracking.Band plate is cut into It mono- section of 350~500mm, is rolled under 420 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 20~30% rolling reductions through 7~8 passages To 2.3mm, and form final sandwich structure finished product plate.
The 21wt%B manufactured using the embodiment4C/6061 billet extrusion process can be rolled out without splitting by 7~8 passages Finished product plate, sheet edge is without cracking in the operation of rolling.
Comparative example 3
By 21wt%B4C-6061 aluminium alloy mixed-powder (B43.5 microns of C particle mean size) loading diameter be 380mm Steel pipe mould in, both ends graphite paper and steel pad seal, cold moudling to 75% consistency.Then it is adopted in vacuum hotpressing stove The billet of consistency 99.8% is hot pressed into 580 DEG C × 4h 70MPa technique, billet removes surface impurity after mold taking-up. The band plate that section is 290 × 30mm is squeezed at 450 DEG C, a small amount of micro-crack locally occur in band plate two sides.Band plate two sides are split It is cut into mono- section of 400~550mm after line removal, under 420 DEG C × 1h annealing process per pass and about 15~20% rolling reductions 2.0mm is rolled to through about 12~14 passages.
The 21wt%B manufactured using the embodiment4C/6061 is partially formed a small amount of micro-crack in two sides when squeezing, and rolls Sheet edge Local Cracking in journey, rolling efficiency are lower.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art Scholar cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all according to the present invention Equivalent change or modification made by Spirit Essence, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of high B of spentnuclear fuel storing4The high efficiency preparation method of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate, feature exist In, comprising the following steps:
(1), the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy pad in Steel pipe mould lower end is sealed, the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy mat thickness is in Steel pipe mould The 10~20% of diameter of steel tube;
(2), boron carbide-aluminium or boron carbide-aluminium alloy mixed-powder are packed into Steel pipe mould, the sealing of Steel pipe mould upper end is simultaneously cold Pressure;
(3), the Steel pipe mould being sealed is placed in progress hot pressed sintering in vacuum hotpressing stove and prepares fine and close billet;
(4), the billet with aluminum or aluminum alloy pad is hot extruded into band plate, aluminum or aluminum alloy pad squeezes heat preservation temperature preceding when extruding 400~500 DEG C of degree keeps the temperature 0.1~5h, and extrusion ratio is greater than 4:1, and band plate surface after extruding covers one layer of aluminium clad;
(5), the extruded band plate with aluminium clad is cut into after required size hot rolling of being annealed repeatedly, to plate rolling to centainly Upper and lower surface aluminium clad is removed when thickness, then hot rolling of being annealed repeatedly obtains final B4C/Al neutron absorber material plate; Or surfaces of aluminum clad is not removed, finally it is rolled into the sandwich structure plate of the clad containing aluminium.
2. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), B in the mixed-powder4C content is 20~40wt%, and particle size is 3~50 micro- Rice.
3. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), after mixed-powder is packed into Steel pipe mould, Steel pipe mould upper end graphite paper and steel pad are close Envelope, then be cold-pressed to 50~80% consistency.
4. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the aluminium alloy is 6 ××× line aluminium alloys.
5. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (3), hot pressed sintering temperature is 560~650 DEG C, and soaking time is 0.5~5h, and hot pressing pressure is 10~100MPa.
6. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: after step (3) obtains billet, the billet of the pad containing aluminum or aluminum alloy is machined after mold taking-up and is gone Except surface impurity defect.
7. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (5), by the extruded band plate with aluminium clad as required size truncation after at 350~500 DEG C Hot rolling, per pass annealing process are as follows: 0.5~5h is kept the temperature at 400~500 DEG C, per pass rolling reduction 10~30%.
8. according to the high B of the storing of spentnuclear fuel described in claim 14The high efficiency preparation side of C content aluminium base neutron absorber material plate Method, it is characterised in that: in step (5), whether the sandwich structure plate with aluminium clad is required according to production board, decision is being rolled Whether removal surfaces of aluminum clad is machined when making to 8~12mm thickness.
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