CN106735150A - A kind of tundish lining refractory material and its manufacturing process - Google Patents
A kind of tundish lining refractory material and its manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735150A CN106735150A CN201611109835.6A CN201611109835A CN106735150A CN 106735150 A CN106735150 A CN 106735150A CN 201611109835 A CN201611109835 A CN 201611109835A CN 106735150 A CN106735150 A CN 106735150A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tundish lining and its manufacturing process, refractory material includes working lining, pouring layer, heat-insulation layer and heat insulating coatings layer, the heat insulating coatings layer is coated on the inwall of tundish, the heat-insulation layer is laid in the heat insulating coatings layer surface, the pouring layer is cast on the heat-insulation layer, and the pouring layer condenses in the insulation layer surface by high-temperature baking, the working lining is coated on the pouring layer, and the working lining condenses in the cast layer surface by high-temperature baking.A kind of tundish lining refractory material of the invention and its manufacturing process, with intensity and stronger corrosion resistance higher, globality is preferable, with preferable heat resistance and heat insulating ability, effect of heat insulation is played, is reduced heat and is distributed, more energy-conserving and environment-protective, the service life of tundish is substantially prolongs, the security of production is improve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to iron and steel smelting technology field, more particularly to a kind of tundish lining refractory material.
Background technology
Tundish is the refractory material containers used in mini-mill steelmaking, and the steel for pouring to get off from ladle is received first
Water, is then assigned in each crystallizer by middle water containing opening again.Tundish is the intermediate link of STEELMAKING PRODUCTION flow, and
It is the connecting points that continuous operation is turned to by intermittently operated.Tundish is improve output of steel and quality important as metallurgical reaction
One ring.
With Tapping Temperature of Bof raising, when the application of various ladle refining techniques, and middle continuous cast crystallizer number are with even pouring
Between continuous improvement, the pressure that middle ladle-lining is subject to constantly increases, and working environment becomes more severe.In view of the effect of middle bag
(decompression, current stabilization, go to be mingled with, store and shunt molten steel), it is necessary to which centering ladle-lining optimizes design, reasonable selection fire proofed wood
Material.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of tundish lining is resistance to
Fiery material and its manufacturing process.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of tundish lining refractory material, including working lining, pouring layer,
Heat-insulation layer and heat insulating coatings layer, the heat insulating coatings layer are coated on the inwall of tundish, and the heat-insulation layer lays
In the heat insulating coatings layer surface, the pouring layer is cast on the heat-insulation layer, and the pouring layer dries by high temperature
Roasting to condense in the insulation layer surface, the working lining is coated on the pouring layer, and the working lining is by high-temperature baking
Condense in the cast layer surface.
It is according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process including as follows
Step：
Step 1：The inwall of tundish is carried out into clean treatment, the inwall of the tundish after cleaning coat one layer every
Hot thermal insulation coatings layer, and dry；
Step 2：One layer of heat preservation layer is laid in the heat insulating coatings layer surface, then one is poured into a mould in the insulation layer surface
Layer pouring layer, and first time baking treatment is carried out to the pouring layer；
Step 3：One layer of working lining is coated in the cast layer surface by first time drying and processing, and to the work
Layer carries out second baking treatment.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of tundish lining refractory material of the invention and its manufacturing process, with compared with
Intensity and stronger corrosion resistance high, globality preferably, with preferable heat resistance and heat insulating ability, plays effect of heat insulation, subtracts
Small heat is distributed, more energy-conserving and environment-protective, substantially prolongs the service life of tundish, improves the security of production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of tundish lining structure of refractory schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the temperature variation curve schematic diagram of first time baking treatment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the temperature variation curve schematic diagram of second baking treatment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the temperature variation curve schematic diagram of third time baking treatment of the invention.
In accompanying drawing, the list of parts representated by each label is as follows：
1st, working lining, 2, pouring layer, 3, heat-insulation layer, 4, heat insulating coatings layer, 5, tundish, 6, repair layer.
Specific embodiment
Principle of the invention and feature are described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example is served only for explaining the present invention, and
It is non-for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one, a kind of tundish lining refractory material, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to a kind of tundish of the present embodiment
Inner lining refractory describes in detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of tundish lining refractory material, including working lining 1, pouring layer 2, heat-insulation layer 3 and heat-insulated guarantor
Thermo-paint layer 4, the heat insulating coatings layer 4 is coated on the inwall of tundish 5, and the heat-insulation layer 3 is laid in described heat-insulated
On thermal insulation coatings layer 4, the pouring layer 2 is cast on the heat-insulation layer 3, and the pouring layer 2 is condensed in by high-temperature baking
The surface of the heat-insulation layer 3, the working lining 1 is coated in the pouring layer 2, and the working lining 1 and is condensed by high-temperature baking
On the surface of the pouring layer 2.
In the present embodiment, the main component of the working lining 1 is nano-hollow microballon and titanium dioxide, and the working lining
1 thickness is 22-25mm.By the high-temperature molten steel for setting the working lining 1 to bear and being injected in tundish, and hollow pottery
Porcelain powder and yittrium oxide can keep the performance of stabilization at relatively high temperatures, will not be oxidized.
In the present embodiment, the main component of the pouring layer 2 is silica and andesite, and the thickness of the pouring layer 2 is 50-
55mm, its thickness of the heat-insulation layer 3 is 17-23mm.The intensity of whole flame retardant coating can be strengthened by the pouring layer 2, it is whole
Body is good, it is to avoid aborning because the shell of tundish softens due to high temperature, influences its monolithic molding, improves the peace of production
Quan Xing.
In the present embodiment, the main component of heat insulating coatings layer 4 is hollow ceramic powder and yittrium oxide, and described
The thickness of heat insulating coatings layer 4 is 10-15mm.By heat insulating coatings layer 4 on the one hand, the insulation can be caused
Layer 3 can preferably be combined and the outer casing inner wall of tundish between so that heat-insulation layer 3 plays preferable heat insulation effect, the opposing party
Face itself can realize heat-insulated effect by heat insulating coatings layer 4, further effectively prevent distributing for heat.
Preferably, be additionally provided with repair layer 6 between the pouring layer 2 and the working lining 1, the repair layer 6 it is main into
It is divided into magnesia and aluminum oxide, and its thickness is 5-10mm.The surface of the pouring layer 2 can be caused more by the repair layer 6
Plus it is smooth, it is convenient to coat the working lining 1 on the surface of the pouring layer 2 so that the working lining 1 is more preferable with the pouring layer 2
Combination, can also improve the global consistency of the working lining 1, it is preferably kept stable performance at high temperature.
Embodiment two, a kind of tundish lining refractory material, in the middle of the one kind below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2 to the present embodiment
Ladle-lining refractory material describes in detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：The inwall of tundish 5 is carried out into clean treatment, the inwall of the tundish 5 after cleaning coats one layer
Heat insulating coatings layer 4, and dry；
Step 2：One layer of heat preservation layer 3 is laid on 4 surface of heat insulating coatings layer, then is poured on the surface of the heat-insulation layer 3
One layer of pouring layer 2 of note, and first time baking treatment is carried out to the pouring layer 2；
Step 3：One layer of working lining 1 is coated on the surface of the pouring layer 2 by first time drying and processing, and to the work
Making layer 1 carries out second baking treatment.
In the present embodiment, in the step 1, the main component of heat insulating coatings layer 4 for hollow ceramic powder and
Yittrium oxide, and the percetage by weight of hollow ceramic powder is more than or equal to 60%, the percetage by weight of yittrium oxide is more than or equal to 15%.
By controlling the thickness of the heat insulating coatings layer 4, the heat insulating coatings layer 4 on the one hand can be avoided blocked up and taken
The excessive space in tundish inside, influences the capacity of tundish, on the other hand avoids because heat insulating coatings layer 4 is excessively thin
Prevent the heat-insulation layer 3 with tundish inwall from being combined well.Further, since heat insulating coatings layer 4 can be with
Strengthen the intensity of shell.
In the present embodiment, in the step 2, the heat-insulation layer 3 uses alumina silicate fiber felt, and its density range is 0.09-
0.12g/m3, the main component of the pouring layer 2 is silica and andesite, and the percetage by weight of silica is more than or equal to 60%,
The percetage by weight of andesite is more than or equal to 25%, and the bulk density of the pouring layer 2 is more than or equal to 2.45g/m3.To described
The first time baking treatment of pouring layer 2 uses heating process as shown in Figure 3.The pouring layer can be caused through the above way
2 outer whole flame retardant coatings provide preferable strength support, and the heat-insulation layer 3 can effectively reduce the heat friendship of tundish inwall and outside
Change, reducing can cause that the pouring layer 2 preferably solidifies, together as far as possible as loss by heating process as shown in Figure 1
When preferably combined with the heat-insulation layer 3 and working lining 1.
As shown in figure 3, baking temperature to be first ramped up 100 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of first stage is then carried out, held
Continuous 20 hours, then baking temperature is ramped up 400 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of second stage is carried out, continue 16 hours, then
Baking temperature is ramped up 700 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of phase III is then carried out, continues 8 hours, finally will baking temperature
Degree be ramped up 1200 degrees Celsius, carry out fourth stage constant temperature baking, continue 4 hours, after the completion of cool down, terminate for the first time dry
It is roasting.
In the present embodiment, in the step 3, the main component of the working lining 1 is nano-hollow microballon and titanium dioxide,
The percetage by weight of nano-hollow microballon is more than or equal to 78%, and the percetage by weight of titanium dioxide is more than or equal to 10%, the work
The bulk density for making layer 1 is more than or equal to 1.8g/m3.Second baking to the working lining is as shown in Figure 4.It is described by control
The thickness of working lining 1, can as far as possible reduce the working lining 1 on the premise of the working life of the working lining 1 is ensured
Take the inner space of tundish, it is to avoid the working lining 1 is excessively thin to be easier breakage, while avoiding the blocked up shadow of the working lining 1
Ring the inner space of tundish.
As shown in figure 4, baking temperature to be first ramped up 150 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of first stage is then carried out, held
Continuous 3 hours, then baking temperature is ramped up 400 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of second stage is carried out, continue 3 hours, finally will
Baking temperature is ramped up 700 degrees Celsius, then carry out the phase III constant temperature baking, continue 2 hours, after the completion of cool down, knot
Beam is toasted for second.
Preferably, before the step 3, following steps treatment is also carried out：
One layer of repair layer 6 is coated on the surface of the pouring layer 2, and third time baking treatment is carried out to the repair layer 6, then
One layer of working lining 1 is coated on the surface of the repair layer 6；Wherein, the main component of the repair layer 6 is magnesia and oxidation
The percetage by weight of aluminium, wherein magnesia is more than or equal to 25%, and the percetage by weight of aluminum oxide is more than or equal to 45%, and described repaiies
The bulk density for mending layer 6 is more than or equal to 2.2g/m3.Third time baking to the repair layer is as shown in Figure 5.By the repairing
Layer 6 can cause that the surface of the pouring layer 2 is more smooth, convenient to coat the working lining 1 on the surface of the pouring layer 2 so that
The working lining 1 is preferably combined with the pouring layer 2, can also improve the global consistency of the working lining 1, makes it in high temperature
Under can preferably keep stable performance.
As shown in figure 5, baking temperature to be first ramped up 150 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of first stage is then carried out, held
Continuous 5 hours, then baking temperature is ramped up 400 degrees Celsius, the constant temperature baking of second stage is carried out, continue 4 hours, finally
Baking temperature is ramped up 700 degrees Celsius, then carry out the phase III constant temperature baking, continue 2 hours, after the completion of cool down,
Terminate third time to toast.
A kind of tundish lining refractory material of the invention and its manufacturing process, with intensity and stronger corrosion resistant higher
Corrosion, globality preferably, with preferable heat resistance and heat insulating ability, plays effect of heat insulation, reduces heat and distributes, more energy-saving ring
Protect, substantially prolongs the service life of tundish, improve the security of production.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tundish lining refractory material, it is characterised in that：Including working lining (1), pouring layer (2), heat-insulation layer (3) and every
Hot thermal insulation coatings layer (4), heat insulating coatings layer (4) are coated on the inwall of tundish (5), and the heat-insulation layer (3) is applied
Described heat insulating coatings layer (4) surface is located at, the pouring layer (2) is cast on the heat-insulation layer (3), and the pouring layer
(2) heat-insulation layer (3) surface is condensed in by high-temperature baking, the working lining (1) is coated on the pouring layer (2), and
The working lining (1) condenses in the pouring layer (2) surface by high-temperature baking.
2. a kind of tundish lining refractory material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The working lining (1) it is main
Composition is nano-hollow microballon and titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the working lining (1) is 22-25mm.
3. a kind of tundish lining refractory material according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The pouring layer (2) it is main
Composition is silica and andesite, and the pouring layer (2) thickness is 50-55mm, and its thickness of the heat-insulation layer (3) is 17-
23mm。
4. a kind of tundish lining refractory material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heat insulating coatings layer
(4) main component is hollow ceramic powder and yittrium oxide, and the thickness of heat insulating coatings layer (4) is 10-15mm.
5. a kind of tundish lining refractory material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pouring layer (2) with it is described
It is additionally provided with repair layer (6) between working lining (1), the main component of the repair layer (6) is magnesia and aluminum oxide, and its thickness
It is 5-10mm.
6. a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The inwall of tundish (5) is carried out into clean treatment, the inwall of the tundish (5) after cleaning coats one layer
Heat insulating coatings layer (4), and dry；
Step 2：One layer of heat preservation layer (3) is laid on heat insulating coatings layer (4) surface, then on the heat-insulation layer (3) surface
One layer of pouring layer (2) of cast, and first time baking treatment is carried out to the pouring layer (2)；
Step 3：One layer of working lining (1) is coated on the pouring layer (2) surface by first time drying and processing, and to the work
Making layer (1) carries out second baking treatment.
7. a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In the step 1,
The main component of heat insulating coatings layer (4) is hollow ceramic powder and yittrium oxide, and hollow ceramic powder weight hundred
Fraction is more than or equal to 60%, and the percetage by weight of yittrium oxide is more than or equal to 15%.
8. a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In the step 2,
The heat-insulation layer (3) uses alumina silicate fiber felt, and its density range is 0.09-0.12g/m3, the pouring layer (2) it is main into
It is divided into silica and andesite, and the percetage by weight of silica is more than or equal to 60%, the percetage by weight of andesite is more than or equal to
25%, and the bulk density of the pouring layer (2) is more than or equal to 2.45g/m3。
9. a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In the step 3,
The main component of the working lining (1) is nano-hollow microballon and titanium dioxide, and the percetage by weight of nano-hollow microballon is more than
Equal to 78%, the percetage by weight of titanium dioxide is more than or equal to 10%, and the bulk density of the working lining (1) is more than or equal to
1.8g/m3。
10. a kind of tundish lining refractory material manufacturing process according to any one of claim 6 to 9, it is characterised in that：
Before the step 3, following steps treatment is also carried out：
One layer of repair layer (6) is coated on the pouring layer (2) surface, and third time baking treatment is carried out to the repair layer (6),
Again one layer of working lining (1) is coated on the repair layer (6) surface；
Wherein, repair layer (6) main component is magnesia and aluminum oxide, and the percetage by weight of wherein magnesia is more than or equal to
25%, the percetage by weight of aluminum oxide is more than or equal to 45%, and the bulk density of the repair layer (6) is more than or equal to 2.2g/m3。
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| CN201611109835.6A CN106735150A (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | A kind of tundish lining refractory material and its manufacturing process |
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| CN201611109835.6A CN106735150A (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | A kind of tundish lining refractory material and its manufacturing process |
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| CN107442768A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-08 | 张家港浦项不锈钢有限公司 | The pouring technology of steel-making continuous casting tundish permanent layer |
| CN114888272A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 鹰普机械（宜兴）有限公司 | Preparation method of novel casting ladle for investment casting |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107442768A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-08 | 张家港浦项不锈钢有限公司 | The pouring technology of steel-making continuous casting tundish permanent layer |
| CN114888272A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 鹰普机械（宜兴）有限公司 | Preparation method of novel casting ladle for investment casting |
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