CN106734891A - The preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress - Google Patents
The preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN106734891A CN106734891A CN201611044888.4A CN201611044888A CN106734891A CN 106734891 A CN106734891 A CN 106734891A CN 201611044888 A CN201611044888 A CN 201611044888A CN 106734891 A CN106734891 A CN 106734891A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Preparation technology and application the present invention relates to a kind of large-scale bed casting, more particularly, to the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress, particular technique technique includes the chemically control of composition, the control of casting process and season stress removal after casting, in the generation stage of residual stress is controlled technique, one side chemical Composition Control carbon equivalent high, high silicon-carbon ratio, reduces shrinkage factor, improves casting and processing characteristics；On the other hand the melting in control casting process and casting process, improve its structural homogenity；After casting in Ageing Treatment removal residual stress, heat aging treatment and vibration stress relief treatment are carried out by casting, further reduce residual stress of casting.Low cost of the present invention, handling good, operating accuracy that is pollution-free, reducing residual stress of casting, raising casting dimension accuracy, and then effective guarantee top grade large-scale precision lathe.
Description
Technical field
Preparation technology and application the present invention relates to a kind of large-scale bed casting, it is high precision large-sized more particularly, to low stress
The preparation method of bed casting.
Background technology
High-grade large-size numerical control machine is the key equipment of modern equipment manufacturing industry, is also the intelligentized core dress of manufacturing industry
It is standby.Lathe bed is the most important basic components of lathe, and it is the measure benchmark of lathe items geometric accuracy, as whole machine pedestal, its
Its parts is carried and worked thereon.The bed casting of high-grade large-size numerical control machine, accounts for lathe gross weight about 70~80%, weight one
As in tens of tons of tons between tons up to a hundred, the requirement of bed casting castability is very high, and it is ensureing large-sized numerical control precision machine tool
Processing characteristics, precision and precision stability aspect play vital effect.Bed casting production risk is very big, scraps one
Part, direct economic loss may reach hundreds thousand of units or even unit up to a million, and stability is bad is possible in whole machine runs
Cause great quality accident.The domestic high-grade large-size numerical control machine of current China, is mostly the external key feature of purchase,
Structural member along with oneself assembles.The lathe of assembling is in terms of precision, reliability and external product has larger gap,
Thus limit application of the domestic high-grade large-size numerical control machine in many key industry fields.High-grade large-sized numerical control lathe bed it is main by
Specific iron casting is formed, and bed casting precision stability will largely determine complete machine tool performance.
People's research thinks that the factor of the influence bed piece casting dimension accuracy stability in casting process mainly includes
Stress remnants after the deformation produced in casting process, and casting cause part microdeformation.Above-mentioned two aspects factor is often led
Cause lathe bed in use, or after use a period of time, due to uneven microstructure, the change of stress state or shakiness
It is fixed, cause complete machine tool precision stability to decline.In order to ensure lathe bed casting dimension accuracy and stability, the present invention is proposed,
In bed casting casting process, improved by controlling chemical composition, casting technique and post processing casting metallographic structure and
Phase composition homogeneity, and then improve the dimensional accuracy of bed casting.
The content of the invention
Production technology and its application it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress, solution
Certainly existing large-scale bed casting composition and tissue are easy to uneven, the excessive problem of residual stress, it is therefore intended that uniform casting group
Knit, obtain the high-precision casting of low stress.For 10 meters of high precision large-sized bed piece positions of processing length ＞.
The present invention realizes by controlling chemical composition, casting technique and post processing, its technical scheme include with
Lower step：
(1) Design of Chemical Composition, according to mass percent, carbon equivalent high is that 3.8%~3.85%, high silicon-carbon ratio is 0.72
~0.82, specific constituent content is as follows：C 3.05%~3.10%, Si 2.20%~2.30%, Mn 0.8%~1.10%, S
0.06%~0.08%, P 0.03%~0.05%, Cu 0.4%, Sn 0.03%；Depending on trade mark of casting iron and situation up to standard, can be
0.2%~0.3%Mo and 0.05%Nb is added on the basis of mentioned component.
(2) sand mold of bed casting makes：Increase the deformability of casting mold and core, dead head sets and is located at casting barycenter portion
Position, realizes casting each several part Equilibrium Solidification, eliminates casting flaw；Sand mold precision is improved, burr is reduced；It is cold that variable cross-section is set
But muscle changes distribution and the size of casting stress；
(3) melted metal liquid, breed and pour into a mould：Melting during raw material is placed in into electric induction furnace or furnace cupola, using ferrosilicon,
Manganese-ferro deoxidation, is refined with silicon-calcium diffusive deoxidation, and smelting temperature is 1400~1500 DEG C, and inovulant is using combination addition raw material
Two kinds of inovulants of Si-Ba of 0.3% Si-Ca and 0.3%, strengthen and extend pregnant effect and make graphite slightly compactedization, necessary
Shi Tianjia parts Re-Si-Fe.Inovulant is preheating to 200 DEG C and adds, and molten iron tapping temperature is not less than 1430 DEG C, pouring temperature
It is 1360~1400 DEG C, moves foundary weight after casting in time, the mass percent chemical composition of casting material component is HT350
Any one chemical composition in~HT150；
During cast, when casting is cooled to 750~350 DEG C of temperature ranges set insulation platform (1~2, depending on cast iron board
Number, casting size and structure), insulation platforms are such as set at 550 DEG C, be incubated more than 1 hour, then air cooling.And extend casting
Stay in casting cooling time in mould, less than 150~200 DEG C shake outs.
Preferably, the cast iron melting uses medium-frequency induction furnace.
Preferably, the mass percent composition of casting material component is HT300, or HT350.
Preferably, molten iron tapping temperature is 1450 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1400 DEG C.
(4) post-process：
1. heat aging treatment：Control the warming and cooling rate of stress relief annealing, 30~50 DEG C/h of programming rate, heating and cooling process
In set every 100 DEG C 1h temperature stop platform with equalization temperature；In 350 DEG C~200 DEG C stages, 10 DEG C/h of cooling rate；Come out of the stove
Temperature is not higher than 200 DEG C, temperature difference≤10 DEG C of heat-treatment furnace；
2. vibration stress relief treatment：Vibration Aging Process is determined according to different trade mark of casting iron and casting structure, the vibration shape is selected
Exciting is carried out than more uniform natural frequencies, the crest location of the exciting point selection first order mode, casting support point selection exists
At the nodel line of the first order mode.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, residual stress the generation stage to the control of casting chemical composition and the control of casting technique, acquisition group
Knit, the casting of even structure, it is possible to achieve the generation of residual stress is inherently greatly reduced, and then realizes high-precision mesh
Mark；
2nd, heat aging and vibration stress relief treatment are carried out to the bed casting for preparing, can be further reduced on the basis of 1
Residual stress；
3rd, present invention process is simple, and cost is relatively low, easy to operate, pollution-free, adapts to wide, can significantly improve casting matter
Amount, reduces its residual stress, improves casting forming dimensional accuracy, effectively lifts the combination property of large-scale bed casting.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that certain the numerical control gantry machining tool bed casting microscopic structure SEM shaped through vibration clotting PROCESS FOR TREATMENT schemes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiment, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment herein is only used to explain the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
Embodiment 1：
Flow as shown in Figure 1, including step in detail below：
(1) composition is standard gray cast iron HT300：According to mass percent, C 3.05~3.10, Si 2.20~2.30, Mn
0.8~1.10, S 0.06~0.08, P 0.03~0.05, Cu 0.4, Sn 0.03；
(2) raw materials such as steel scrap, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, low-carbon ferrochromium, copper are placed in melting in 2.5t medium-frequency induction furnaces, are used
Ferrosilicon, manganese-ferro deoxidation, are refined with silicon-calcium diffusive deoxidation, and smelting temperature is 1400~1500 DEG C, and inovulant uses Si-Ca+Si-
Ba composite inoculants (are preheating to 200 DEG C), 1430 DEG C of molten iron tapping temperature ＞, and pouring temperature is 1360~1400 DEG C；
(3) sand mold makes, and sand mold makes of quartz sand, and waterglass makees binding agent, carbon dioxide solidification, sand mold through compacting,
Compact, in mo(U)ld face brushing zircon flour coating, mould assembling lock box；
(4) insulation platform is set when 750~350 DEG C of temperature ranges are cooled down, more than 1 hour is incubated, and extend casting
Stay in casting cooling time in mould；
(5) casting sand mold is stood, treats that casting is cooled to 150~200 DEG C of shake outs, take out casting, cut off rising head and running channel, beaten
Mill cleaning overlap；
(6) heat treatment timeliness is carried out to the casting for obtaining, its technique is：It is warming up to the programming rate of 30~50 DEG C/h
550 DEG C are incubated 6 hours, and setting 1h temperature every 100 DEG C in heating and cooling process stops platform with equalization temperature；Cooling rate typically exists
30 DEG C/h, in 350 DEG C~200 DEG C stages, 10 DEG C/h of cooling rate is cooled to and is come out of the stove less than 150 DEG C.
The residual stress of the low stress HT300 prepared through the inventive method, according to the People's Republic of China's machinery industry mark
Blind Hole Method detection in quasi- JB/T5926-2005 in 5.3 residual stress detection methods of regulation, casting is not used the process forming
8 points of random residual stress average values afterwards are 214MPa, and the casting of shaping, 8 points of random residual stress are prepared through present invention process
Average value is 143MPa, and residual stress cut rate is 32.4%, and stress homogenizing degree is 32.7%.Fig. 1 is through vibration clotting technique
Process certain numerical control gantry machining tool bed casting microscopic structure SEM figures of shaping；Casting material microscopic structure medium pearlite is in
Fine platy is uniformly distributed, and graphite grade is 4~5 grades, and content of pearlite in alloy is more than 98%, balance of ferrite.
Embodiment 2：
The step of with embodiment 1, is cast and is post-processed, and, with embodiment 1, difference exists for its technological parameter and process
Different in selected casting material chemical composition, this example casting chemical composition is C 3.05~3.10, Si 2.20~2.30, Mn
0.8~1.10, S 0.06~0.08, P 0.03~0.05, Cu 0.6, Sn 0.05, Cr 0.2~0.3.Through the inventive method system
The residual stress of standby casting, according in the People's Republic of China's machinery industry standard JB/T5926-2005 5.3 regulations it is residual
Blind Hole Method detection in residue stress detection method, casting is not used 8 points of random residual stress average values after technology process shaping
It is 201MPa, the casting of shaping is prepared through present invention process, 8 points of random residual stress average values is 124MPa, and residual stress disappears
Lapse rate is 35.4%, and stress homogenizing degree is 32.9%.
Embodiment 3：
The step of with embodiment 1, is cast and is post-processed, and, with embodiment 1, difference exists for its technological parameter and process
Different in selected casting material chemical composition, this example casting chemical composition is C 3.05~3.10, Si 2.20~2.30, Mn
0.8~1.10, S 0.06~0.08, P 0.03~0.05, Cu 0.4, Mo 0.2~0.3, Sn 0.03, Cr 0.2~0.3.Through
The residual stress of casting prepared by the inventive method, according in the People's Republic of China's machinery industry standard JB/T5926-2005
Blind Hole Method detection in 5.3 residual stress detection methods of regulation, casting is not used 8 points after the process forming random remnants should
Power average value is 237MPa, and the casting of shaping is prepared through present invention process, and 8 points of random residual stress average values are 162MPa, residual
Residue stress cut rate is 31.9%, and stress homogenizing degree is 27.2%.
Embodiment 4：
The step of with embodiment 1, is cast and is post-processed, and, with embodiment 1, difference exists for its technological parameter and process
Different in selected casting material chemical composition, this example casting chemical composition is C 3.05~3.10, Si 2.20~2.30, Mn
0.8~1.10, S 0.06~0.08, P 0.03~0.05, Cu 0.4, Mo 0.2~0.3, Sn 0.03, Cr 0.2~0.3, Nb
0.05.The residual stress of the casting prepared through the inventive method, according to the People's Republic of China's machinery industry standard JB/T5926-
Blind Hole Method detection in 2005 in 5.3 residual stress detection methods of regulation, be not used after the process forming 8 points of casting are random
Residual stress average value is 237MPa, and the casting of shaping is prepared through present invention process, and 8 points of random residual stress average values are
163MPa, residual stress cut rate is 31.6%, and stress homogenizing degree is 27.8%.
Embodiment 5：
The step of with embodiment 1, is cast, and, with embodiment 3, difference exists for selected materials and technological parameter and process
Different in selected post-processing approach, post processing of this example in step (6) uses vibration stress relief treatment, and the vibration of its vibration source is frequently
Rate is 2000Hz, amplitude is 1.00mm, and acceleration is 10m/s2, the vibrating motor range of speeds is 6000rmp, vibrating head exciting force
It is 20KN.The residual stress of the casting prepared through the inventive method, according to the People's Republic of China's machinery industry standard JB/
Blind Hole Method detection in T5926-2005 in 5.3 residual stress detection methods of regulation, casting is not used 8 after the process forming
The random residual stress average value of point is 230MPa, and the casting of shaping, 8 points of random residual stress average values are prepared through present invention process
It is 140MPa, residual stress cut rate is 35.6%, and stress homogenizing degree is 29.7%.
Embodiment 6：
The step of with embodiment 1, is cast, and, with embodiment 3, difference exists for selected materials and technological parameter and process
Different in selected post-processing approach, this example uses heat aging+vibration stress relief treatment, its heat aging in the post processing of step (6)
Technique is：550 DEG C are warming up to the programming rate of 40 DEG C/h and are incubated 6 hours, set 1h temperature every 100 DEG C in heating and cooling process and stop
Platform is stayed with equalization temperature；Cooling rate is general in 30 DEG C/h, in 350 DEG C~200 DEG C stages, 10 DEG C/h of cooling rate, cooling
Come out of the stove to less than 150 DEG C；Vibration Aging Process parameter is same as Example 5.The residual stress of the casting prepared through the inventive method, according to
According to the blind hole in 5.3 residual stress detection methods of regulation in the People's Republic of China's machinery industry standard JB/T5926-2005
Method detects that casting is not used 8 points of random residual stress average values after the process forming for 207MPa, is prepared through present invention process
The casting of shaping, 8 points of random residual stress average values are 106MPa, and residual stress cut rate is 39.1%, and stress homogenizing degree is
30.2%.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is merely illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and it is nonrestrictive；
Those of ordinary skill in the art understand that can carry out many to it in the spirit and scope that the claims in the present invention are limited changes
Become, modification, or even equivalent change, but fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress, it is characterised in that including procedure below：
(1) Design of Chemical Composition, according to mass percent, carbon equivalent high be 3.8%~3.85%, high silicon-carbon ratio be 0.72~
0.82, specific constituent content is as follows：C 3.05%~3.10%, Si 2.20%~2.30%, Mn 0.8%~1.10%, S
0.06%~0.08%, P 0.03%~0.05%, Cu 0.4%, Sn 0.03%；
(2) sand mold of bed casting makes：Increase the deformability of casting mold and core, dead head sets and is located at casting barycenter position,
Casting each several part Equilibrium Solidification is realized, casting flaw is eliminated；Sand mold precision is improved, burr is reduced；Variable cross-section cooling is set
Muscle changes distribution and the size of casting stress；
(3) melted metal liquid, breed and pour into a mould：Melting during raw material is placed in into electric induction furnace or furnace cupola, using ferrosilicon, ferromanganese
Deoxidation, is refined with silicon-calcium diffusive deoxidation, and smelting temperature is 1400~1500 DEG C, and inovulant is using combination addition raw material 0.3%
Two kinds of inovulants of Si-Ba of Si-Ca and 0.3%, inovulant is preheating to 200 DEG C and adds, and molten iron tapping temperature is not less than 1430
DEG C, pouring temperature is 1360~1400 DEG C, moves foundary weight, the mass percent chemistry of casting material component after casting in time
Composition is any one chemical composition in HT350~HT150；
(4) post-process：Carry out heat aging treatment and vibration stress relief treatment.
2. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (1), according to trade mark of casting iron and situation up to standard, mass percent 0.2%~0.3%Mo and 0.05%Nb are added.
3. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), during cast, 1~2 insulation platform is set when casting is cooled to 750~350 DEG C of temperature ranges.
4. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), cast iron melting uses medium-frequency induction furnace.
5. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), molten iron tapping temperature is 1450 DEG C, and pouring temperature is 1400 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of the high precision large-sized bed casting of low stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (4), post processing detailed process is comprised the following steps：
1. heat aging treatment：The warming and cooling rate of stress relief annealing is controlled, 30~50 DEG C/h of programming rate is every in heating and cooling process
1h temperature is set every 100 DEG C and stops platform with equalization temperature；In 350 DEG C~200 DEG C stages, 10 DEG C/h of cooling rate；Tapping temperature
Not higher than 200 DEG C, temperature difference≤10 DEG C of heat-treatment furnace；
2. vibration stress relief treatment：Vibration Aging Process is determined according to different trade mark of casting iron and casting structure, the selection vibration shape compares
Uniform natural frequencies carry out exciting, and the crest location of the exciting point selection first order mode, casting supports point selection in the rank
At the nodel line of the vibration shape.
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| CN108220851A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-29 | 洛阳乾中新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of hardware and its processing method |
| CN111069539A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-28 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | Casting process of impeller of large dredge pump |
| CN111069582A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-28 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of low-stress casting |
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| CN111069539A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-28 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | Casting process of impeller of large dredge pump |
| CN111069582A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-28 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of low-stress casting |
| CN111069582B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-04-06 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of low-stress casting |
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