Ammonia spraying device of SCR flue gas denitration system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of denitration devices, in particular to an ammonia spraying device of an SCR flue gas denitration system.
Background
The emission of nitrogen oxides causes a series of environmental problems and serious harm to the health of people. From the world, the combustion of fuel represented by coal is one of the main sources of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, and the selective catalytic reduction denitration (SCR) technology has been widely used commercially due to its advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high reliability, etc., wherein the uniform mixing of the reducing agent and the nitrogen oxides and the flow field distribution of the flue gas are one of the key factors affecting the denitration efficiency. At present, an ammonia injection grid is generally adopted to ensure the removal efficiency of nitrogen oxides. However, because the number of the reducing agent injection pipes and the number of the injection holes are large, the ammonia injection grid is difficult to adjust in the actual operation process, a static mixer is generally required to be installed to optimize the mixing effect, the system pressure drop and the installation cost are increased, and the difficulty in adjusting the ammonia injection grid cannot be reduced.
Chinese patent application No. 201310677604.5 discloses a swirl mixing device for an SCR flue gas denitration system, the composition of the invention includes: the ammonia injection pipeline is arranged in an ascending pipeline of an outlet flue of the economizer, a group of ammonia nozzles are installed on the ammonia injection pipeline, the ammonia injection pipeline is connected with the ammonia injection flue, a swirl mixer group is installed in the ammonia injection flue, the ammonia injection flue is communicated with a catalyst flue filled with a catalyst, guide vanes are arranged at an inlet of the catalyst flue, and a rectifying grid is installed on the upper portion of the catalyst flue. The cyclone comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and cyclone blades, wherein the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxially arranged, the inner cylinder is hollow, the cyclone blades are uniformly distributed in an annular area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder along the circumferential direction, two ends of each cyclone blade are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the cyclone blades and the inner cylinder are inclined by 15-70 degrees, the inclination directions of the cyclone blades of each cyclone are consistent, and the inclination angles are equal. But the device only utilizes the spiral airflow to achieve the purpose of enhancing mixing, and the mixing distance is longer.
Chinese patent application No. 201420110317.6 discloses an SCR denitration system and an ammonia spraying device thereof, wherein the ammonia spraying device comprises a plurality of rows of ammonia spraying pipe groups, the plurality of rows of ammonia spraying pipe groups are sequentially arranged in a flue gas channel of the SCR denitration system at intervals along the vertical flue gas flow direction, each row of ammonia spraying pipe group comprises at least one ammonia spraying pipe, and each ammonia spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of ammonia spraying openings; the device also comprises a plurality of rows of flow-around disc groups, wherein the plurality of rows of flow-around disc groups are arranged in the flue gas channel at intervals in sequence along the direction perpendicular to the flue gas flow, each row of flow-around disc group comprises at least one flow-around disc, the flow-around discs are arranged on the downstream side of the flue gas flow direction relative to the ammonia spraying port, the flow-facing surfaces of the flow-around discs and the flue gas flow direction form an included angle alpha, and alpha is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees. By adopting the ammonia spraying device, when ammonia gas and flue gas flow across the flow-facing surface of the bypass flow plate and flow to the back flow surface of the bypass flow plate, a vortex effect is formed on the back flow surface, and the flue gas and the ammonia gas are continuously and fully mixed under the strong stirring of the vortex effect, so that the ammonia concentration distribution of the mixed gas is relatively uniform before the mixed gas reaches the front section of the catalyst layer. But the device is through setting up the vortex dish that is contained angle alpha with the flue gas flow direction, forms the vortex effect through ammonia and flue gas at the vortex dish back and reaches the purpose of mixing, and the mixing action is not enough, difficult misce bene.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an ammonia injection device for an SCR flue gas denitration system, which is provided with a spoiler inside, wherein the spoiler is configured to fully mix flue gas and ammonia gas in a short distance without an additional static mixer, so that the cost is low, and the device can prevent flue gas from flowing back into an ammonia injection pipeline.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ammonia spraying device of an SCR flue gas denitration system comprises a plurality of input pipes which are uniformly arranged in a flue and a plurality of groups of ammonia spraying units which are uniformly distributed and connected with the input pipes, wherein a spoiler is arranged above each ammonia spraying unit; the ammonia spraying unit comprises a closed type spray pipe and a branch pipe for connecting the input pipe and the closed type spray pipe, and a spray nozzle is arranged on the closed type spray pipe; the spoiler comprises a shell and a plurality of blades arranged on the shell, the blades are of arc-surface trapezoidal structures, the length b of the bottom edge of each blade is larger than the length a of the top edge, the radian alpha of the arc surface of each blade is 60-80 degrees, the included angle beta between each blade and the axis of the spoiler is 30-60 degrees, and the height h of each blade = a + b.
Further, the shell comprises an outer shell and an inner shell which are coaxially arranged, and the bottom edges of the blades are fixed on the outer shell and the inner shell and are uniformly distributed along the axes of the outer shell and the inner shell.
Furthermore, the included angle gamma between two adjacent bottom edges of the blades is the same and is an acute angle.
Furthermore, a valve is arranged on the input pipe, and the spoiler is fixed on the input pipe through a supporting structure.
Further, the support structure is an elastic structure.
Furthermore, the closed type spray pipe comprises an annular pipe and a central pipe which are connected end to end, the end to end of the central pipe is respectively communicated with the annular pipe, and the input pipe is communicated with the central pipe on the closed type spray pipe through a branch pipe.
Furthermore, 8-16 through holes are arranged on each annular pipe, the distance between each through hole is 300-600mm, and a nozzle is arranged on each through hole.
Furthermore, a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed along the axis of the nozzle are arranged on the nozzle.
Furthermore, an automatic control elastic sheet is arranged in the nozzle.
Furthermore, one end of the automatic control elastic sheet is hinged with the inner wall of the nozzle, and the other end of the automatic control elastic sheet is in contact with a stop block arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses an ammonia spraying device of an SCR flue gas denitration system, wherein a valve is arranged on an input pipe, and the accurate control of the ammonia spraying amount of an ammonia spraying unit can be realized. The ammonia spraying unit comprises a closed type spraying pipe and a branch pipe for connecting the input pipe and the closed type spraying pipe, wherein nozzles are arranged on the closed type spraying pipe, the structure of the closed type spraying pipe can ensure that the pressure at each nozzle tends to be consistent everywhere, and the ammonia is sprayed more uniformly.
2. A spoiler is arranged above each ammonia injection unit, the spoilers are fixed on the input pipe through a supporting structure, namely the supporting structure is fixed on the input pipe, and the spoilers are fixed on the supporting structure, so that each group of ammonia injection units and the spoilers are of an integrated structure and are convenient to install; the support structure is formed by correspondingly distributing a plurality of connected frames above the ammonia spraying unit to play a role in fixing the spoilers, and each frame can be of a square or annular structure.
The supporting structure can be also set into an elastic structure, the elastic structure can be a supporting structure formed by welding a stainless steel sheet, a copper foil or a steel sheet with a thinner thickness, and the spoiler and the ammonia spraying unit are connected by adopting the elastic structure, so that the position of the spoiler under the action of air flow is changed in a vertical direction to a certain extent, the spoiler device has a better spoiler effect under different flue gas flow rates, and the spoiler performance of the device is improved.
3. The spoiler shell comprises an outer shell and an inner shell which are coaxially arranged, wherein the outer shell and the inner shell are both of hollow structures, and a plurality of blades are fixed on the outer shell and the inner shell; the blades are of an arc-surface trapezoidal structure, namely the main view is an isosceles trapezoid, and the surface of the isosceles trapezoid is bent by a certain radian; the length of the bottom edge b of the blade is larger than that of the top edge a, the radian alpha of the arc surface of the blade is 60-80 degrees, the included angle beta between the blade and the axial line of the spoiler is 30-60 degrees, and the height h = a + b; the blade number is the even number, and two adjacent blade base contained angles gamma are the same and are the acute angle, and this kind of structural design can ensure that flue gas and ammonia not only have along blade direction spiral air current, walks around the vortex aggravation turbulent effect that the blade formed in addition, mixes in the scope of small distance fully, the mixed effect of better reinforcing ammonia and flue gas.
3. The direction that the spout jetted ammonia is perpendicular with the flue gas flow direction, can strengthen the mixing intensity of ammonia and flue gas, reduces and mixes the dead angle, mixes more evenly.
4. 8-16 through holes are arranged on each annular pipe, the distance between every two through holes is 300-600mm, and the number and the distance of the through holes can ensure that the sprayed ammonia gas has the maximum coverage area.
5. Set up a plurality of spouts on the nozzle, set up the automatic control shell fragment in the spout, automatic control shell fragment one end is articulated with the spout inner wall, and the other end contacts with the dog that sets up on the spout inner wall, and the structure and the spout structure phase-match of automatic control shell fragment, therefore the automatic control shell fragment is bounced open when the pressure is stronger than flue internal pressure in the nozzle, sprays the ammonia, otherwise closed to prevent that the flue gas from flowing backward and spouting the ammonia pipeline.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ammonia injection device of an SCR flue gas denitration system in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the spoiler shown in FIG. 1 with the spoiler removed in accordance with embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a spoiler in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the blade of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of the blade of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a front view showing an operation state of the spoiler in embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a nozzle in example 2.
In the figure: 1-an input pipe, 2-a valve, 3-a branch pipe, 4-a closed spray pipe, 4-1 a central pipe, 4-2 a ring pipe, 5-a nozzle, 5-1 a nozzle, 5-2 an automatic control spring plate, 5-3 a stop block, 6-a spoiler, 7-a support structure, 8-an outer shell, 9-an inner shell and 10-a blade.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, an ammonia injection device of an SCR flue gas denitration system includes a plurality of input pipes 1 uniformly arranged in a flue and a plurality of groups of ammonia injection units uniformly distributed and connected to the input pipes 1, wherein each input pipe 1 is provided with a valve 2; a spoiler 6 is arranged above each ammonia injection unit, and the spoilers 6 are fixed on the input pipe 1 through a supporting structure 7.
The ammonia spraying unit comprises a closed type spray pipe 4 and a branch pipe 3 for connecting an input pipe 1 and the closed type spray pipe 4, the closed type spray pipe 4 comprises an annular pipe 4-2 and a central pipe 4-1 which are connected end to end, wherein the end to end of the central pipe 4-1 are respectively communicated with the annular pipe 4-2, and the input pipe 1 and the central pipe 4-1 on the closed type spray pipe 4 are communicated through the branch pipe 3; wherein the ring pipe 4-2 can be a regular circular ring or a square structure, and the ring pipe 4-2 in the embodiment is a square structure.
8-16 through holes are arranged on each annular pipe 4-2, the distance between each through hole is 300-600mm, the nozzle 5 is welded on each through hole, and in the embodiment, 14 through holes are arranged on each annular pipe 4-2, and the distance between each through hole is 500 mm.
The casing comprises an outer casing 8 and an inner casing 9 which are coaxially arranged, wherein the outer casing 8 and the inner casing 9 are both of an annular structure, the bottom edges of a plurality of blades 10 are fixed on the outer casing 8 and the inner casing 9, the top edges of the blades 10 extend upwards, the plurality of blades 10 are inclined in a straight direction and are uniformly distributed along the axial lines of the outer casing 8 and the inner casing 9, the blades 10 are of a cambered surface trapezoid structure, as shown in fig. 4-7, the front view of the blades 10 is an isosceles trapezoid, the right view of the blades is an arc structure, the length of the bottom edge b of each blade 10 is greater than that of the top edge a, the radian alpha of each cambered surface is 60-80 degrees, the included angle beta between each blade and the axial line of the spoiler is 30-60 degrees, the height of each blade is h = a + b, the height of each blade in the embodiment is the vertical height of each blade, the angle alpha is 80 degrees, and the angle beta is 30 degrees; the included angle gamma of two adjacent base lines of the blade 10 is the same and is an acute angle, gamma is 45 degrees in the embodiment, the structure arrangement can ensure that the flue gas and the ammonia gas not only have spiral airflow along the direction of the blade, but also have the effect of intensifying turbulence by bypassing the vortex formed by the blade, and as shown in fig. 6, the mixing is more uniform.
The ammonia injection device in the embodiment 1 is applied to a flue gas denitration system of a certain coal-fired power plant, the boiler load is 350MW, and the flue gas amount is 1048666Nm 3 The temperature of the flue gas is 300-400 ℃, and the concentration of NOx in the flue gas is 500mg/Nm 3 The ammonia nitrogen ratio is 0.916, so that the concentration of NOx in the smoke is reduced to 50mg/Nm 3 Within the range, the denitration efficiency is 90 percent, the escape concentration of ammonia is reduced to be less than 3ppm, and the requirement of the ultra-low emission standard of the coal-fired boiler of the power plant is met.
Example 2
The structure of the embodiment 2 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, but the difference lies in that the structure of the nozzle is different, as shown in fig. 8, a plurality of nozzles 5-1 are arranged on the nozzle 5, the number of the nozzles is 4 in the embodiment, an automatic control spring 5-2 is arranged in the nozzle 5-1, one end of the automatic control spring 5-2 is hinged with the inner wall of the nozzle 5-1, the other end is contacted with a stop block 5-3 arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle 5-1, and the mixing intensity of the ammonia gas and the flue gas can be enhanced because the direction of the ammonia gas sprayed by the nozzles is horizontal and vertical to the direction of the flue gas; in addition, due to the arrangement of the automatic control elastic sheet, when the valve 2 is opened and ammonia gas starts to be sprayed, the internal pressure of the nozzle 5 is stronger than the internal pressure of the flue, the automatic control elastic sheet 5-2 is opened and ammonia gas starts to be sprayed, after the valve 2 is closed, the internal pressure of the nozzle 5 is reduced, and the lower end of the automatic control elastic sheet contacts the stop block 5-3 under the action of smoke gas to prevent the smoke gas from flowing backwards into the ammonia gas spraying pipeline.
The material of bearing structure 7 is nonrust steel sheet in this embodiment, is elastic construction, therefore certain skew can take place for the position of spoiler under the effect of air current in the vertical direction for the vortex device all has better vortex effect under the flue gas velocity of flow of difference, improves the vortex performance of device.
The device of embodiment 2 is applied to a flue gas denitration system of a coal-fired power plant, the boiler load is 600MW, and the flue gas volume is 2270000Nm 3 The temperature of the flue gas is 300-400 ℃, and the concentration of NOx in the flue gas is 600mg/Nm 3 The ammonia nitrogen ratio is 0.93, so that the concentration of NOx in the flue gas is reduced to 50mg/Nm 3 The denitration efficiency is 91.7 percent, the escape concentration of ammonia is reduced to be less than 3ppm,meets the requirements of the 'ultra-low emission' standard of the coal-fired boiler of the power plant.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.