CN106716996A - Improved resolution for autostereoscopic video displays - Google Patents

Abstract

A single pixel of a video display can display respective individual pixels of multiple views. In other words, a video display can include more views for an autostereoscopic image than the physical pixels of the video display would ordinarily support. The physical pixel is time-multiplexed in that the physical pixel displays a pixel of one view for a given time interval and a view multiplexer deflects the light from the physical pixel by a predetermined angle to make the pixel appear in a location corresponding to the pixel of the view. In another time interval, the physical pixel displays a pixel of a different view and the view multiplexer deflects light from the physical pixel by a different predetermined angle to make the pixel appear in a location corresponding to the pixel of the different view.

Description

For the improved resolution ratio of free stereo video display

Technical field

Present invention relates in general to auto-stereoscopic display, and more particularly, to significantly improved resolution ratio Video auto-stereoscopic display.

Background technology

Conventional auto-stereoscopic display uses lens or the array of disparity barrier or other view selectors so that display Multiple pixels of device are visible for an eyes of beholder, and cause multiple other pixels of display for beholder's Another eyes are visible.By isolating the pixel for the visible display of each eye, two components of stereo-picture Can present over the display.

Because the eyes of average viewer are that side by side and horizontal aligument, therefore lens array makes picture according to horizontal direction Element is visible.As a result, the respective pixel for left eye and right eye is located in identical scan line and is flatly offset from one another.

Therefore, in only having two auto-stereoscopic displays of view, each eye of beholder sees its level point The image that resolution halves.In most of auto-stereoscopic displays, by improving visual field with more than two view.In order to There is provided in the trial of bigger projection perceived depth, more views are needed in the space of relative narrowness, such as 1mm, for example 24 views.Typical LCD display has the picture element density of about 200 pixel/inch, although some have close to 300 pixels/ The density of inch.This is about every millimeter of 6 pixels, i.e., the resolution ratio needed for providing 24 views in 1mm spaces is about A quarter.

Therefore, traditional video display apparatus can not provide enough views in sufficiently small space, to meet the modern times The demand of free stereo image.

The content of the invention

According to the present invention, the single pixel of video display can show the respective independent pixel of multiple views.Change sentence Talk about, video display can include that the more of support more usual than the physical picture element of video display are used for free stereo image View.

In order to realize multiple views using single physical pixel, physical picture element is time-multiplexed.Specifically, physical picture element A pixel for view is shown in a given time interval, and view multiplexer is pre- by the light deflection from physical picture element Angle is determined, so that pixel appears in position corresponding with the pixel of view.In another time interval, physical picture element shows one The pixel of different views, and the light from physical picture element is deflected different predetermined angulars by view multiplexer, so that Pixel appears in position corresponding from the pixel of different views.

View multiplexer includes the column prism of multiple birefringent materials so that by the deflection of the light of column prism Can by control through the polarization of light switch two different angles.Or, the material of column prism is according to column rib The electric field of mirror and change its refractive index.The example of this material is liquid crystal.The controllability of the angle of reflection provided by column prism makes Can control given pixel for position that human viewers are presented.

The particular figure synchronization shown by the position that given pixel is presented and by pixel, it is allowed to which the pixel is for frame speed The pixel of the multiple views of respective part display of rate.The persistence of vision of human viewers causes the pixel in a view whole Can continue to be perceived in individual frame, the view is visible to beholder by lens array.

Multiple view multiplexers can be stacked to provide more changes of accumulation deflection angle.

In addition, being configured to focusing at the acceptable distance behind focus objects, focus objects example by by lenticular body The pixel of auto-stereoscopic display, is reduced the focusing caused due to the curvature of the field of the single lens body of lens array and missed in this way Difference.As a result, due to curvature of the field, lenticular body will particularly well be focused at the appropriate angle of viewing visual angle, and will be produced The acceptable focusing error of life and the even broader angle of viewing visual angle.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the plan of beholder of the invention and auto-stereoscopic display.

Fig. 2 is the more detailed plan of a part for the auto-stereoscopic display of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the plan of the view multiplexer of the auto-stereoscopic display of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the time multiplexing for showing the pixel using two (2) individual view multiplexers of the invention Timing diagram.

Fig. 5 is the plan of optional auto-stereoscopic display of the invention.

Fig. 6 is the more detailed plan of a part for the auto-stereoscopic display of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the plan of the focus of the auto-stereoscopic display for showing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is the plan of optional view multiplexer of the invention.

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are the timing diagrams of the time multiplexing of the pixel of the view multiplexer for being shown with Fig. 8.

Figure 11 is the plan of the mask of Fig. 2, and it is exaggerated to show operation due to the view multiplexer of Fig. 2 The position of the apparent pixel for causing.

Specific embodiment

According to the present invention, the single pixel of video display can show the respective independent pixel of multiple views.Specifically Ground, three-dimensional display 100 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) includes view multiplexer 204A-B (Fig. 2), and its bending is from multiple pixels, example Such as the light of each in pixel 216A-F so that each pixel is presented on slightly different position, and between multiple times The pixel of each the expression different views in.For example, view multiplexer 204A-B can make pixel 216A be in position Put any one position in 216A1 (Figure 11), 216A2,216A3 and 216A4.By this way, it is each in pixel 216A-F It is individual by time multiplexing representing the pixel of respective multiple views of auto-stereoscopic display.

In the way of being described more fully below, view multiplexer 204A-B is combined with the illustrative embodiment It is middle that 4 pairs 1 multiplexings are provided.View multiplexer 204A-B is at predetermined intervals with predetermined point visual angle to from picture The light of plain 216A-F is bent.In the illustrative embodiment, the visual angle that lenticular body 202C is designed to provide once increases Amount, it means that by the viewing visual angle of lenticular body 202C, each in wherein pixel 216A-F differs one by mask 214 Degree is visible.In the illustrative embodiment, in order to provide four (4) individual views, view multiplexer from single pixel 204A-B is combined with four (4) evenly spaced point of visual angle, i.e., 0 degree, 0.25 degree, 0.5 degree and 0.75 degree of deflect light；At other Other angles can be used in embodiment.It should be appreciated that single-view multiplexer can be regarded from single pixel offer two (2) is individual Figure, three (3) individual view multiplexers can be combined and provide up to eight (8) individual views with from single pixel, and many other Combination can be realized providing even more views with from single pixel.It is also understood that view multiplexer can be with inswept A range of deflection angle, provides the view of other quantity from single pixel in the manner described below.

Shown using being displayed in timing diagram 400 (Fig. 4) for four (4) individual views of the single pixel in pixel 216A-F. As described more fully below, view multiplexer 204A can be between 0.5 degree of deflect light or the light not deflected Switch, and view multiplexer 204B can switch between 0.25 degree of deflect light or the light not deflected.View is more Path multiplexer 204A-B is switched with the speed of 120Hz, and view multiplexer 204B with half delay of clock cycle with With view multiplexer 204A, as shown in timing diagram 400.

Pixel 216A-F has the refresh rate of 240Hz.Initially in timing diagram 400, view multiplexer 204A-B All close, i.e. not deflect light, and pixel 216A is for the pixel of display view N of single refresh cycle.If beholder's 10 Eyes are aligned by mask 214 and lenticular body 202A with pixel 216A, then the eyes will see pixel at position 216A1 (Figure 11) The view N of 216A, and the pixel of view N will appear as the whole width (Fig. 2) for occupying lenticular body 202A.When pixel 216A is aobvious When showing the pixel of other views, the deflection of view multiplexer 204A-B causes eyes to see flat black mask 214.So And, the persistence of vision makes beholder 10 continue to see the pixel of the view N in four (4) individual 240Hz cycles in position 216A1 (Figure 11).

In next 240Hz cycles (Fig. 4), view multiplexer 204A switches to opening.View multiplexer The accumulation of 204A-B is deflected to 0.5 degree, and pixel 216A appears to be in position 216A3 (Figure 11), and for single refreshing The pixel (Fig. 4) of period display view N+2.If the eyes of beholder 10 pass through mask 214 and lenticular body 202A and pixel 0.5 degree from alignment difference of 216A, then the eyes will be seen that the view N+2 of pixel 216A, and the pixel of view N+2 will appear as Occupy the whole width of lenticular body 202A.As described above, mask 214 and the persistence of vision cause that beholder 10 continues in position 216A3 (Figure 11) sees four pixels of the view N+2 in (4) 240Hz cycles.

In next 240Hz cycles (Fig. 4), view multiplexer 204B switches to opening.View multiplexer The accumulation of 204A-B is deflected to 0.75 degree, and pixel 216A appears to be in position 216A4 (Figure 11), and for single brush The pixel (Fig. 4) of new period display view N+3.If the eyes of beholder 10 pass through mask 214 and lenticular body 202A and pixel 0.75 degree from alignment difference of 216A, then the eyes will be seen that the view N+3 of pixel 216A, and the pixel of view N+3 will be presented To occupy the whole width of lenticular body 202A.As described above, mask 214 and the persistence of vision cause that beholder 10 continues in position 216A4 (Figure 11) sees four pixels of the view N+3 in (4) 240Hz cycles.

In next 240Hz cycles (Fig. 4), view multiplexer 204A switches to closing.View multiplexer The accumulation of 204A-B is deflected to 0.25 degree, and pixel 216A appears to be in position 216A2 (Figure 11), and for single refreshing The pixel (Fig. 4) of period display view N+1.If the eyes of beholder 10 pass through mask 214 and lenticular body 202A and pixel 0.25 degree from alignment difference of 216A, then the eyes will be seen that the view N+1 of pixel 216A, and the pixel of view N+1 will be presented To occupy the whole width of lenticular body 202A.As described above, mask 214 and the persistence of vision cause that beholder 10 continues in position 216A2 (Figure 11) sees four pixels of the view N+1 in (4) 240Hz cycles.

In next 240Hz cycles (Fig. 4), view multiplexer 204B switches to closing.View multiplexer The accumulation deflection of 204A-B is 0 degree, and pixel 216A shows the pixel of view N again, and is in for the single refresh cycle It is now in position 216A1 (Figure 11).Also, four (4) cyclic patterns of timing diagram 400 (Fig. 4) are repeated.

Therefore, view multiplexer 204A-B time multiplexing pixels 216A-F so that each pixel can show The pixel of four (4) individual different views of auto-stereoscopic display 100.It should be appreciated that in the case of no lenticular body 202A-C, Pixel 216A will appear as that at position 216A1 (Figure 11), 216A2,216A3 and 216A4 four (4) is individual for human viewers Different pixels.Therefore, in the case of no lens array or other view selectors, view multiplexer 204A-B makes Display has apparent resolution much more intensive than the physical resolution of display.

It is also understood that there is the alternative of lens array, to ensure that human viewers only see free stereo image Multiple views in one.It is, for example possible to use disparity barrier.Additionally, using laser rather than LCD or LED as light Source is allowed at the position pointed by each light of view only in laser for being shown from specific pixel.

As shown in Fig. 2 auto-stereoscopic display 100 includes multiple lens 202A-C of lens array.It is illustrative at this In embodiment, lenticular body 202A-C is designed to in the topic submitted on October 8th, 2010 by Dr.Richard A.Muller For the CO-PENDING of " Improved Perceived Image Depth for Autostereoscopic Displays " is beautiful Mode described in state's patent application 12/901,478 provides the field of relatively flat.Make because lenticular body is gathered caused by filed curvature Other methods that burnt error is minimized will be described below.

In the illustrative embodiment, view multiplexer 204A-B is behind lenticular body.With reference to Fig. 3 is more fully described view multiplexer 204A-B.It is transparent material after view multiplexer 204A-B, for example The second layer 210 of the layer 206, polarizer 208 and transparent material of the gas of plastics, glass or such as air.

In the array for being followed by colour filter 212A-F of layer 210, each colour filter assigns red, green or blue color A corresponding pixel in pixel 216A-F.Pixel 216A-F is vertical pixel, such as by Dr.Richard A.Muller 2010 On August 25, entitled " the Improved Resolution for Autostereoscopic Video Displays " of submission Copending U.S. Patent Application 12/868,038 described in.

Mask 214 is located between colour filter 212A-F and pixel 216A-F, and the perceived width of pixel 216A-F is limited It is a quarter of its developed width, by the operation of view multiplexer 204A-B, due to the deflection of light, in apparent pixel Pixel 216A-F between leave dark space.In the illustrative embodiment, the focal field of view of lenticular body 202A-C is approximately at At mask 214.

Pixel 216A-F is positioned close to after mask 214.Each in pixel 216A-F is single, independent control LCD sub-pixel, the display intensity with its exclusive independent control.The color of each pixel 216A-F is by colour filter 212A-F A corresponding control.Behind pixel 216A-F be transparent material another layer 218 and polarizer 220.In polarizer 220 Light source (not shown) is followed by, typical that light source such as in Conventional LCD displays.Polarizer 208 and 220 is similar to normal The polarizer used in rule LCD display.

View multiplexer 204A is illustrated in greater detail in figure 3.Unless otherwise indicated, view multiplexer 204B is directly similar to view multiplexer 204A, and description is also applied for view multiplexer 204B below.

View multiplexer 204A (Fig. 3) shows from top with cross-sectional view, and including the birefringence of such as liquid crystal The triangular prism 304A-C of material.Triangular prism 304A-C is located at transparent plastic or the layer 302 and transparent plastic of glass or opening for glass Between groove layer 306, triangular groove is manufactured wherein so as to provide space for triangular prism 304A-C.

In the switchable layer 310 of the liquid crystal being followed by between electrode layer 308 and 312 of layer 306.By optionally to Electrode layer 308 and 312 applies electric charge, can switch the polarization of the light by switchable layer 310, such as relative to triangular prism Birefringent material in 304A-C be it is parallel and vertical orientated between switching.

The size and dimension of birefringent material, its orientation for setting during fabrication and triangular prism 304A-C is selected to provide One amount of the light deflection of a polarization orientation with switchable layer 310, and another polarization orientation with switchable layer 310 Deflection different amounts.In fact, the birefringent material in triangular prism 304A-C is prism, its light degree of deflection is according to switching Layer 310 state and change.

In the illustrative embodiment, birefringent material is chosen to have and is substantially equal to the transparent of layer 302 and 306 One refractive index of the refractive index of material, and therefore the deflection of light is not provided for a yaw orientation of switchable layer 310, As shown in arrow 314A.In fact, the prism of triangular prism 304A-C disappears in layer 302 and 306, and triangular prism 304A-C and Layer 302 and 306 looks like the single flat layer of transparent material.It will be appreciated, however, that prism needs not be provided the inclined of zero degree Turn effectively to disappear in layer 302 and 306.As long as prism be it is controllable with provide at least two different deflection angles in One, then in during pixel 216A can be caused to appear at least two different, the possible positions for overlapping, and therefore For the purpose of the time multiplexing of pixel 216A.

For another polarization orientation of the switchable layer 310 in this illustrative embodiment, selection birefringent material, it is in system The size and shape of the triangular prism 304A-C in the orientation and view multiplexer 204A that are set when making, light is deflected 0.5 degree, as shown in arrow 314B, and select birefringent material, its orientation and view multiplexer during fabrication The size and dimension of the triangular prism 304A-C in 204B, 0.25 degree is deflected by light.In fact, with the two-fold of the polarization orientation The size of the different refractive indexes and triangular prism 304A-C of penetrating material is designed to the rib of predetermined expected angle reflected light In mirror, such as 0.5 degree in view multiplexer 204A in the illustrative embodiment and view multiplexer 0.25 degree of 204B.

As described above, auto-stereoscopic display 100 includes multiple lenticular body 202A-C, during it is designed to apply with ' 478 The mode of record provides the field of relatively flat.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show and cause for the curvature of the field reduced due to conventional lenses body Free stereo image deterioration another method.

Beholder 10 (Fig. 5) is watching the free stereo figure shown by auto-stereoscopic display 100B with different view Picture.Auto-stereoscopic display 100B is the alternate embodiment of auto-stereoscopic display 100, and directly aobvious similar to free stereo Show device 100, except the content for describing otherwise herein.Auto-stereoscopic display 100B does not include meniscus cylindrical lens body, and It is the lenticular body for including more conventional design, it has the proximal face and flat distal surface of projection.

Free stereo image is most preferably watched with extraordinary focusing.In the case of auto-stereoscopic display 100B, Focus objects are mask 214B.However, due to the curvature of the field of some lenticular bodies, departing significantly from and being directly perpendicular to free stereo Tend to out of focus in the visual angle of display 100B.The curvature of the field is shown that the curve 502 is represented at each perspective angle by curve 502 The track of the focus of the lenticular body under degree.In order to reduce the focal loss on the relative broad range at visual angle, auto-stereoscopic display The lens array of 100B is focused on the somewhat rear side of mask 214B, to provide the track of focus along curve 504.

In figure 6, a part of auto-stereoscopic display 100B is exaggerated.Curve 502 and 504 is exaggerated to show wherein Focusing error.

Curve 502 is represented in typical routine auto-stereoscopic display, by the track of the focus of lenticular body offer.Curve 502 show for directly to visual angle, i.e. perpendicular to the extraordinary focusing of auto-stereoscopic display 100B, i.e., focused on close to zero Error.At broader visual angle, curve 502 shows significant focusing error 602.

In the illustrative embodiment, the lenticular body of auto-stereoscopic display 100B is designed to directly gathering on visual angle Jiao is behind mask 214B.As shown in fig. 7, a certain amount behind mask 214B of curve 504, from being approximately perpendicular to mask From the point of view of 214 viewing visual angle, the focus of the lenticular body of auto-stereoscopic display 100B has been blurred width 702, and the width 702 is only Only it is the width in the gap in mask 214B.This limited fuzzy free stereo image for not influenceing to be perceived by beholder 10 Accuracy, because by each lenticular body, in addition to expected pixel, it is visible to beholder 10 not have other pixels. Therefore, in the sufficiently small sense without influenceing the focus of beholder 10 of visible focusing error 604 (Fig. 6) close at vertical angle of view Know.

In broader viewing visual angle, curve 504 intersects to provide extraordinary focusing with mask 214B, is still no better than The degree that beholder 10 is perceived at subvertical visual angle, and start to obscure in broader viewing visual angle, such as curve 504 When before mask 214B.The quality of the view perceived by beholder 10 is maintained until under these viewing visual angles wider Focusing error 606, more than the focusing error 606, fuzzy quantity exceedes the width in the gap in mask 214B.

In certain embodiments, keep to allow to be regarded in viewing unlike the broader focusing error in gap in mask 214B There is unacceptable big focusing error in the broader angle at angle.Generally, by determining in the angular field of view for desired qualities Blurred width, and select the track of lens and focus, its blurred width minimizes to realize optimal knot in the angular field of view Really.

Result is that the lenticular body that is represented by curve 504 of track of focus provides acceptable visual angle than conventional lenses body Wider range.

As briefly described above, single-view multiplexer 804 (being shown in viewgraph of cross-section in fig. 8) can be swept A range of deflection angle is crossed, multiple views are provided with from single pixel.

View multiplexer 804 can be by the triangular prism 808A-C of the material of such as electric field controls including its refractive index.This The example for planting material is liquid crystal.Triangular prism 808A-C is located at transparent plastic or the layer 606 and transparent plastic of glass or opening for glass Between groove layer 810, triangular groove is manufactured wherein so as to provide space for triangular prism 808A-C.

It is electrode layer 802 before layer 806.Electrode layer 812 is followed by layer 810.By optionally by electric charge It is applied to electrode layer 802 and 812, thus it is possible to vary the refractive index of the material in triangular prism 808A-C.

Material, the size of its orientation for setting during fabrication and triangular prism 808A-C in selection triangular prism 808A-C and Shape, to provide the desired range of deflection across field regime, the electric field may extend across the generation of electrode layer 802 and 812.It is actual On, the material in triangular prism 808A-C is prism, and its light degree of deflection changes according to the electric field between electrode layer 802 and 812.

In the illustrative embodiment, the expected range of deflection is 0.0-2.0 degree, the material tool in triangular prism 808A-C Have from the variations in refractive index of layer 806 and 810 to the refractive index of the refractive index high 0.1 than layer 806 and 810, and triangular prism 808A- C is the cross section of the right angled triangle for being 20 degree with angle 816.

Timing diagram 900 (Fig. 9) illustrates the time multiplexing of the pixel 216A using view multiplexer 804.When Sequence Figure 90 0 shows electric field between electrode layer 802 and 812, the corresponding deflection angle of view multiplexer 804 and by pixel Each view that 216A shows.The inswept preset range of deflection angle provided by view multiplexer 804, such as 0-2.0 degree. Pixel 216A shows the pixel of view N to N+3 in a synchronous manner so that view multiplexer 804 is inswept deflection angle 0.0-0.5 While spending, the pixel of pixel 216A display views N, view multiplexer 804 scans through the same of deflection angle 0.5-1.0 degree When, the pixel of display view N+1, view multiplexer 804 scans through deflection angle 1.0-1.5 while spend, and shows view N + 2 pixel, and the inswept deflection angle 1.5-2.0 of view multiplexer 804 is while spend, the pixel of display view N+3, its Rearview multiplexer 804 is returned to provide 0 degree of deflection, and pixel 216A shows the pixel of the next frame of view N.

It should be understood that, although pixel 216A is shown as the only individual view of time multiplexing four (4), but pixel 216A can With time multiplexing more multi views, this is only limited by the switching rate relative to the pixel 216A for expecting frame rate. Using one or more LED, for example, during the embodiment of pixel 216A is realized in very big mark, pixel 216A can compare LCD pixel quickly switches, and can be with the more views of time multiplexing.For example, some LED can be with 2.0M Hz's Frequency error factor.Therefore, single led (or red, cluster of green and blue led) can provide 300 of single pixel or more Multiple views, the scope of optical quality, deflection angle and cutting for view multiplexer 804 only by lenticular body 202A-C The limitation of throw-over degree.

Timing diagram 1000 (Figure 10) shows that view multiplexer 804 can be to multiple views for being shown by pixel 216A Pixel carry out the alternative of time multiplexing.Once a scope of the inswept deflection angle of view multiplexer 804, example Such as, 0-2.0 degree, then back inswept scope in the opposite direction of view multiplexer 804, for example, from 2.0 degree to 0 degree.With The method of synchronization, once pixel 216A switchings are by the pixel of view N, N+1, N+2 and N+3, then pixel 216A is with reverse order, i.e., The pixel of the subsequent frame that switching passes through view N+3, N+2, N+1 and N.

It should be appreciated that view multiplexer 804 can otherwise cycle through deflection angle, including staged figure Case.Additionally, multiple examples of view multiplexer 804 can be stacked, such as view multiplexer 204A-B (Fig. 2), with Larger range of accumulation deflection angle is provided.

Above description is merely illustrative and not restrictive.The present invention is only by following claim and its whole etc. Valency scope determines.Claims appended below is intended to be interpreted as including fall into true spirit and scope of the present invention all Such changes, modifications, displacement and replacement equivalent.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of method for showing multiple views of multi views free stereo image in single physical pixel, methods described Including：

A () causes the pixel of first in the interim very first time shows the view of the physical picture element；

B () makes the physical picture element from the first limited perspective for very first time interval；

C () is such that the physical picture element shows the view during the second time interval being spaced different from the very first time In the pixel of second；And

D () makes the physical picture element from the second limited perspective for second time interval, described second limited regards Angle is different from first limited perspective.

2. method according to claim 1, also includes：

To each repeat step (a)-(d) in two or more physical picture elements of display.

3. method according to claim 1, also includes：

To each repeat step (a)-(d) in two or more frames of vision signal.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) and (d) include：

The polarizability that light of the control from the physical picture element passes through one or more birefringent material lens.

5. method according to claim 4, wherein the lens are prisms.

6. method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) and (d) include：

The refractive index of one or more lens that light of the control from the physical picture element is passed through.

7. method according to claim 6, wherein control includes controlling the electric field of the lens.

8. method according to claim 6, wherein the lens are prisms.

9. a kind of view multiplexer, one or more physical picture elements for making display each show that multi views freely stand The respective pixel of multiple views of body image, the view multiplexer includes：

One or more lens, each lens come from the physics picture in response to electric signal with the deflection of one or more predetermined angulars The light of at least one of element.

10. view multiplexer according to claim 9, wherein the lens are prisms.

11. view multiplexers according to claim 9, wherein each in the lens includes birefringence material Material；And

Further, wherein electric signal light of the control from the physical picture element passes through the polarizability of the lens.

12. view multiplexers according to claim 11, wherein the lens are prisms.

13. view multiplexers according to claim 9, wherein each of the lens includes that its refractive index is becoming The material changed in the electric field of change；And

Further, wherein the electric signal controls the electric field of each lens.

14. view multiplexers according to claim 13, wherein the lens are prisms.

A kind of 15. auto-stereoscopic displays, including：

Focus objects；And

Lens array, it includes one or more lenticular bodies, and each lenticular body focuses on the focus objects with predetermined amount Below.