CN106712656A - 光伏供能的家庭物联网*** - Google Patents

光伏供能的家庭物联网*** Download PDF

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CN106712656A
CN106712656A CN201710024852.8A CN201710024852A CN106712656A CN 106712656 A CN106712656 A CN 106712656A CN 201710024852 A CN201710024852 A CN 201710024852A CN 106712656 A CN106712656 A CN 106712656A
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卢睿
孙志锋
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02J13/0003—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/12—Energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators, e.g. in the last power distribution stages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/248—UPS systems or standby or emergency generators

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏供能的家庭物联网***，包括：光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元；所述的光光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元顺次相连，家庭物联网单元与光伏发电单元相连。本发明主要是用光伏电池为家用物联网***的传感器供能，来提高光伏的利用率，同时较少物联网***对于电网电能的消耗，从而实现节能，高效，稳定。

Description

光伏供能的家庭物联网***
技术领域
本发明属于智能家用领域，具体涉及一种光伏供能的家庭物联网***来提升家用的节能性便捷性。
背景技术
光伏电池板目前已经广泛的使用，但是家用的光伏供能***应用较少，主要原因在于，光伏功能存在受客观环境因素，尤其是天气因素，影响较大，而且收集效率较低，这就造成了光伏收集的能量，量不足，而且输出功率不高，带负载能力不足。
同时，目前家庭使用的物联网***服战较为成熟，物联网主要基于传感器采集数据，传输到网关，由网关收集数据、处理数据，在通过闭环控制，像智能家用电器发出控制信号。
家用物联网的传感器和网关，这部分虽然所消耗的功率不大，但是需要长时间供电，这对于家庭电能是一笔较大的开销。
发明内容
基于上面的问题，提出了一种光伏供能的家庭物联网***，主要是用光伏电池为家用物联网***的传感器供能，来提高光伏的利用率，同时较少物联网***对于电网电能的消耗，从而实现节能，高效，稳定。
一种基于光伏供能的家庭物联网***包括：光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元；
所述的光光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元顺次相连，家庭物联网单元与光伏发电单元相连。所述的光伏发电单元，由光伏太阳能电池板，DC-DC电路，舵机，单片机、电能输出、可控开关组成太阳能，电池板通过可控开关与电能输出连接，并通过DC-DC电路鱼单片机舵机连接，单片机与舵机可控开关直接连接。所述的物联网单元，由物联网网关、传感器组、可控选通开关组成。物联网网关与传感器组，均通过选通开关与电网、储能装置、光伏电池板相连。
优选的，所述的储能单元为大容量蓄电池。
所述的光伏供能的家庭物联网***的供能方法是：
光伏发电单元由光伏太阳能电池板获取太阳能转化为电能，通过DC-DC电路为单片机与舵机供电，单片机发出控制信号给舵机的控制端，使舵机驱动太阳能电池板旋转获取最大的太阳能，同时单片机与可控开关的控制端连接发出控制信号，切换太阳能电池板、电能存储单元、电网的供电选项；
传感器组采集实时数据，通过网关收集处理，采用闭环控制的方式，网关发出控制信号控制家庭电器，
光伏发电单元和电能存储单元作为家庭物联网单元的供能装置，电能存储单元同时作为光伏发电单元的储能装置；预先设置天候参数，在太阳光照充足时，光伏发电单元由单片机发送控制信号给舵机，将光伏太阳能电池板转向太阳，进行光伏逐日，为家庭物联网单元供能，并给电能存储单元充能；在太阳光照不足时，电能存储单元为家庭物联网单元供能；在光伏发电单元和电能存储单元供能不足，切换为电网供能。
采用预先设置的天候参数，由单片机发控制信号给舵机，将电池板转向太阳，进行光伏逐日，保证在晴朗的白天收集到最多的太阳能。同时在内部由单片机控制扰动观察法实施最大功率点的跟踪，保证在最大功率点输出。在夜晚自动切断与用电器的连接，保证用电器与光伏电池板的安全性、可靠性。在日常供电的同时，本发明队光伏发电***，内置天候参数，安找天候设定，光伏电池板自动转向，实现光伏逐日。同时在电池内部采用MPPT跟踪最大功率点，始终保持电池的最大输出，同时采用物联网的传感器采集到的数据，保证阴雨和夜晚光伏电池切断自身和外界的连接，保证广度***的高效稳定。
附图说明
图1为本发明光伏供能的家庭物联网***的功能示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明基于光伏供能的家庭物联网***包括：光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元；所述的光光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元顺次相连，家庭物联网单元与光伏发电单元相连。所述的光伏发电单元，由光伏太阳能电池板，DC-DC电路，舵机，单片机、电能输出、可控开关组成太阳能，电池板通过可控开关与电能输出连接，并通过DC-DC电路鱼单片机舵机连接，单片机与舵机可控开关直接连接。所述的物联网单元，由物联网网关、传感器组、可控选通开关组成。物联网网关与传感器组，均通过选通开关与电网、储能装置、光伏电池板相连。
优选的，所述的储能单元为大容量蓄电池。
如图1所示为本发明光伏供能的家庭物联网***的功能示意图，
实施方案一、在晴朗的天气，白天的时候，本发明的光伏发电***，正常发电供能，同时可以按照预先设定的依据天候参数计算出的逐日参数，按照时间调整光伏电池板的对日角度，最大程度的收集太阳能。同时按照设定好的MPPT进行最大功率点的跟踪，始终保持光伏太阳能电池板在最功率点输出电能，提高电池板的带负载性能。
太阳能电池板的电能直接供给家用的物联网传感器的网关和传感器的电能消耗。物联网网关和传感器须要的电能较少，同时直接就需要直流电，那么光伏电池板的电能可以直接通过DC-DC电压变换为上面的物联网部分供能。同时物联网的传感器猜的数据，可以将目前的光照强度、时间、天气等数据计算后反馈给光伏太阳能电池板，进行逐日参数的修正。同时可以在天气光照环境较差的时候切断电池板与***的连接。
储能***，主要采用蓄电池，在光伏电池给物联网传感、控制***供能的同时，为储能***充电，将剩余的能量回收收集。到了夜晚或者阴雨天气光照不足的时候，储能***会优先为物联网的传感、控制***供能，最大程度的减少这部分对于电网电能的消耗。
实施方案二这部分主要是针对恶劣点天气或者夜晚造成的光照不足的时候。这时候太阳能电池板不仅仅不能发出电能，如果不及时与电网切断，太阳能电池板就会变成用电器，这时候不仅仅要通过电池板内设的本身参数进行调整，还需要通过物联网的传感器才得的光参数进行判断，获得数据对当前的已有的参数进行校正，甚至是直接切断光伏电池板与本***的连接，防止电池板消耗能量。
同时，物联网***的能量消耗优先使用储能***收集的光伏发电获得电能，由于目前的网关还有传感器都是用的是低功耗的产品，所以这部分电能可以在长时间共计给物联网的传感和控制网关使用。在使用这部分电能的同时，定时对省一点呢进行估计，在储能装置电能耗尽之前，将物联网的耗能切换到消耗电网能量，防止物联网***断电。
综上所述，本***能够针对不同的环境给出不同的实施方案，实现了物联网***与光伏发电***的有机结合，最大程度的利用了新能源，减少了物联网***对于电网***的能量消耗，***论证稳定可靠，便于实施，具有很高的经济效益和推广价值。

Claims (3)

1.一种光伏供能的家庭物联网***，其特征在于，包括：
光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元；
所述的光伏发电单元、电能存储单元、家庭物联网单元顺次相连，家庭物联网单元与光伏发电单元相连；
所述的光伏发电单元，由光伏太阳能电池板、DC-DC电路、舵机、单片机、电能输出接口、可控开关组成，光伏太阳能电池板通过可控开关与电能输出接口连接，电能输出接口串联可控开关，太阳能电池板通过DC-DC电路与单片机、舵机连接，单片机与舵机的控制端、可控开关的控制端直接连接；
所述的物联网单元，由物联网网关、传感器组、可控选通开关组成，物联网网关与传感器组均通过选通开关连接到电网、电能存储单元、光伏太阳能电池板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏供能的家庭物联网***，其特征在于：所述的电能存储单元为蓄电池。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的光伏供能的家庭物联网***的供能方法，其特征在于：
光伏发电单元由光伏太阳能电池板获取太阳能转化为电能，通过DC-DC电路为单片机与舵机供电，单片机发出控制信号给舵机的控制端，使舵机驱动太阳能电池板旋转获取最大的太阳能，同时单片机与可控开关的控制端连接发出控制信号，切换太阳能电池板、电能存储单元、电网的供电选项；
传感器组采集实时数据，通过网关收集处理，采用闭环控制的方式，网关发出控制信号控制家庭电器，
光伏发电单元和电能存储单元作为家庭物联网单元的供能装置，电能存储单元同时作为光伏发电单元的储能装置；预先设置天候参数，在太阳光照充足时，光伏发电单元由单片机发送控制信号给舵机，将光伏太阳能电池板转向太阳，进行光伏逐日，为家庭物联网单元供能，并给电能存储单元充能；在太阳光照不足时，电能存储单元为家庭物联网单元供能；在光伏发电单元和电能存储单元供能不足，切换为电网供能。
CN201710024852.8A 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 光伏供能的家庭物联网*** Pending CN106712656A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112821562A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-18 杭州夏众电子科技有限公司 一种物联网平台电力监控***
CN115714761A (zh) * 2022-11-01 2023-02-24 四川启睿克科技有限公司 一种基于光伏储能的物联网看护***

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