CN106708592B - Microcontroller and code burning method for microcontroller - Google Patents
Microcontroller and code burning method for microcontroller Download PDFInfo
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- CN106708592B CN106708592B CN201710056600.3A CN201710056600A CN106708592B CN 106708592 B CN106708592 B CN 106708592B CN 201710056600 A CN201710056600 A CN 201710056600A CN 106708592 B CN106708592 B CN 106708592B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microcontroller and a code burning method for the microcontroller, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a communication interface for communicating with an external processing unit; a first program storage unit for storing an operation code file; a second program storage unit for storing a code file identical to the code file; and the program storage control unit is used for controlling a communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit or the second program storage unit. The invention realizes that the first program storage unit is automatically switched to the second program storage unit when the first program storage unit is broken, thereby reducing the reject ratio of the MCU chip. A spare second program storage unit is formed through one-time burning, when the first program storage unit is broken down, burning is not needed to be conducted again, and burning times are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internet, in particular to a microcontroller and a code burning method for the microcontroller.
Background
A Micro Control Unit (MCU), also called a single-chip microcomputer or a single-chip microcomputer, is a computer that properly reduces the frequency and specification of a central processing Unit, and integrates peripheral interfaces such as a memory, a counter, a USB, an a/D conversion, a UART, a PLC, a DMA, and the like, even an LCD driving circuit, on a single chip to form a chip-level computer, which is used for different combined control in different application occasions. Such as mobile phones, PC peripherals, remote controls, automotive electronics, industrial stepper motors, robotic arm controls, etc., see the silhouette of the MCU. The MCU comprises a built-in program memory for storing programs executed by the MCU. The program memory can be a read-only memory or a flash memory, the flash memory is widely applied at present, the existing burning software burns codes to one position of the flash memory during burning, the flash memory is easy to damage after repeated erasing or in a severe environment, and the yield of the built-in flash memory is an important factor directly influencing the yield of the MCU. In order to improve the yield of the MCU, it is necessary to reduce the influence of the defective rate of the embedded flash memory on the MCU.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention has been made to provide a microcontroller and a burning method for the microcontroller that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microcontroller comprising:
a communication interface for communicating with an external processing unit;
a first program storage unit for storing an operation code file;
a second program storage unit for storing a code file identical to the code file;
and the program storage control unit is used for controlling a communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit or the second program storage unit.
Optionally, the program storage control unit includes:
the detection subunit is used for detecting the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit when the microcontroller is powered on;
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the detected byte number with a preset threshold value, controlling the communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit if the detected byte number is consistent with the preset threshold value, and controlling the communication interface to be connected with the second program storage unit if the detected byte number is inconsistent with the preset threshold value.
The invention also provides a code burning method for the microcontroller, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sending the code file to a microcontroller;
burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit through a program storage control unit;
and burning the bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit through a program storage control unit.
Optionally, burning bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit; burning bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit specifically includes: s1, burning a predetermined number of bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit, and burning a predetermined number of bytes into the second program storage unit; and S2, repeating the step S1, and burning the codes in the code file in sequence until the codes in the code file are all burned in the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit.
Optionally, the predetermined number of bytes is 1 byte.
Optionally, burning bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit; burning bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit specifically comprises: burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit; after all bytes in the code file are burned into the first program storage unit, the bytes in the code file are burned into the second program storage unit.
The technical scheme provided in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
the flash memory built in the MCU is designed into a double-memory structure, so that when the first program storage unit is damaged, the second program storage unit is automatically switched to, and the reject ratio of the MCU chip is reduced.
A spare second program storage unit is formed through one-time burning, when the first program storage unit is broken down, burning is not needed to be conducted again, and burning times are reduced.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the above description is only an outline of the technical solution of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, and the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a microcontroller according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a code burning method proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a specific code burning method proposed by the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a code burning method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The present application provides a microcontroller, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
a communication interface 100 for communicating with an external processing unit;
a first program storage unit 200 for storing an operation code file;
a second program storage unit 300 for storing the same code file as the above-mentioned code file;
a program storage control unit 400 for controlling a communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit or the second program storage unit.
JTAG is used for testing chips at first, and the basic principle of JTAG is to define a TAP (Test Access Port) inside a device to Test internal nodes through a special JTAG Test tool. JTAG test allows a plurality of devices to be connected in series through JTAG interfaces to form a JTAG chain, and can realize the test of each device. Nowadays, the JTAG interface is also commonly used to implement ISP (In-System programming) and burn FLASH and other devices. In consideration of the fact that codes are burned in the program memory when the MCU chip is manufactured and the program memory is tested when the MCU is powered on, the JTAG interface is preferably used as the communication interface, and other communication interfaces can be used.
And each time the MCU is powered on, the program storage control unit detects the first program storage unit and determines whether to switch the communication interface to be connected with the second program storage unit or not according to the detection result. According to the method and the device, the program memory inside the microcontroller is designed into a double-memory structure, so that when internal hardware detects that the first program memory is replaced, the program memory is automatically switched to the second program memory unit. The structural design of the dual memory can reduce the reject ratio of chip production.
The number of bytes of the code stored in the actual program storage unit is generally fixed, and if the number of bytes stored in the program storage unit changes, the code can be considered to be damaged. As a preferred embodiment, the program storage control unit includes:
the detection subunit is used for detecting the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit when the microcontroller is powered on;
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the detected byte number with a preset threshold value, controlling the communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit if the detected byte number is consistent with the preset threshold value, and controlling the communication interface to be connected with the second program storage unit if the detected byte number is inconsistent with the preset threshold value.
Through the embodiment, whether the first program storage unit is bad or not can be quickly and efficiently determined, and the first program storage unit is automatically switched to the second program storage unit under the condition that the first program storage unit is bad, so that the normal work of the MCU chip is ensured.
In order to implement the dual-program storage structure of the microcontroller, as shown in fig. 2, the present application further provides a code burning method, which specifically includes:
s01, sending a code file to the microcontroller;
s02, burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit through a program storage control unit;
and S03, burning the bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit through a program storage control unit.
The burning method can be realized through burning software which runs on a PC.
As a burning method, burning bytes in a code file into a first program storage unit; burning the bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit may specifically include: s1, burning a predetermined number of bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit, and burning a predetermined number of bytes into the second program storage unit; and S2, repeating the step S1, and burning the codes in the code file in sequence until the codes in the code file are all burned in the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit.
One specific embodiment implemented according to the burning method is shown in fig. 4:
s21, running burning software;
s22, opening a BIN file;
s23, instructing to read a byte from the BIN file;
s24, judging whether reading is successful or not;
s25, if the reading is successful, burning the read byte into a first program storage unit;
s26, if the reading is not successful, the burning software is closed;
s27, after the step S25, burning the bytes into a second program storage unit, and then repeatedly executing the step S3 until the burning software is closed.
In this embodiment, a byte-by-byte burning method is adopted, and the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit are alternately burned, so that the burning of the first program storage unit is completed, and then the burning of the second program storage unit is completed. In a variant embodiment, instead of programming byte by byte, programming every few bytes may be used, which may be determined by the hardware conditions of the device.
As another burning method, burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit; burning bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit specifically comprises: burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit; after all bytes in the code file are burned into the first program storage unit, the bytes in the code file are burned into the second program storage unit.
The burning time of the burning mode is slightly long, but the burning hardware does not need to be switched back and forth between the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit, so that the consumption of the burning hardware is reduced.
By the burning method, programming can be performed at one time, and the codes can be burned into the 2 storage units simultaneously, so that when the first program storage unit is damaged, burning is not required to be performed again, and the first program storage unit is directly switched to the second program storage unit.
Based on the microcontroller and the burning method for the microcontroller described in the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand that other embodiments of the microcontroller and its various modifications belong to the scope of the present application.
The technical scheme provided in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
the algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual machine, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for constructing such a system will be apparent from the description above. Moreover, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any descriptions of specific languages are provided above to disclose the best mode of the invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
The various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components of a gateway, proxy server, system according to embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be embodied as apparatus or device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention may be stored on computer-readable media or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website or provided on a carrier signal or in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (3)
1. A microcontroller, wherein a program memory inside the microcontroller is designed as a dual memory structure, comprising:
a communication interface for communicating with an external processing unit;
a first program storage unit for storing an operation code file;
a second program storage unit for storing a code file identical to the code file;
the program storage control unit is used for controlling a communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit or the second program storage unit, and is also used for burning bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit; burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit specifically comprises: s1 burning a predetermined number of bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit and burning a predetermined number of bytes into the second program storage unit at the same time, S2 repeating the step S1, and burning the code files in sequence until the codes in the code file are all burned into the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit; or
Burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit, and burning the bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit after burning the bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit;
the program storage control unit detects the first program storage unit when the microcontroller is powered on each time, and if the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit changes, the communication interface is switched to be connected with the second program storage unit;
the program storage control unit includes:
the detection subunit is used for detecting the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit when the microcontroller is powered on;
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the detected byte number with a preset threshold value, controlling the communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit if the detected byte number is consistent with the preset threshold value, and controlling the communication interface to be connected with the second program storage unit if the detected byte number is inconsistent with the preset threshold value.
2. A method for burning codes into a microcontroller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the program memory inside the microcontroller is designed as a dual memory structure, the method comprising:
sending the code file to a microcontroller;
burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit through a program storage control unit;
burning bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit through a program storage control unit;
when the microcontroller is powered on each time, the first program storage unit is detected, and if the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit changes, the communication interface is switched to be connected with the second program storage unit, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the microcontroller is powered on, detecting the number of bytes stored in the first program storage unit, comparing the detected number of bytes with a preset threshold value, if the detected number of bytes is consistent with the preset threshold value, controlling the communication interface to be connected with the first program storage unit, and if the detected number of bytes is inconsistent with the preset threshold value, controlling the communication interface to be connected with the second program storage unit;
burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit; burning bytes in the code file into a first program storage unit specifically comprises: s1 burning a predetermined number of bytes in the code file into the first program storage unit and burning a predetermined number of bytes into the second program storage unit at the same time, S2 repeating the step S1, and burning the code files in sequence until the codes in the code file are all burned into the first program storage unit and the second program storage unit; or
The method comprises the steps of burning bytes in a code file into a first program storage unit, and burning the bytes in the code file into a second program storage unit after the bytes in the code file are all burned into the first program storage unit.
3. The code burning method of claim 2, further characterized in that the predetermined number of bytes is 1 byte.
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