CN106706708A - Control method of rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument - Google Patents

Control method of rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument Download PDF

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CN106706708A
CN106706708A CN201510784942.8A CN201510784942A CN106706708A CN 106706708 A CN106706708 A CN 106706708A CN 201510784942 A CN201510784942 A CN 201510784942A CN 106706708 A CN106706708 A CN 106706708A
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control
value
light energy
fuzzy
dew point
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杨斌
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
    • G01N25/66Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point
    • G01N25/68Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point by varying the temperature of a condensing surface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/36Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
    • G05B11/42Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a control method of a rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument. A dew point chamber, a photoelectrical detecting system, a refrigerating system, a temperature measuring system and a single-chip microcomputer control processing system are included. Composite control of two control modes is adopted for the system. Firstly, a threshold value is set, and the system measures light energy of reflected light of reaction frost layer thickness in real time, calculates the difference value Rx of the current light energy and a control target value and the change rate delta Rx of the light energy and carries out fuzzy processing control if Rx is larger than the threshold value. Control processing is carried out according to a proportional-integral (PI) control rule when the error Rx is smaller than the threshold value, working current is controlled to enable the light energy to reach the control target value, the change rate of the light energy is controlled within the allowable range, proportional-integral control is stopped, and a dew point value is output. By means of fuzzy control, good transient performance can be obtained, the balance time of the system can be shortened, measurement can be accelerated, but an integration element is lacked, the system static error cannot be eliminated, errors are caused by measurement, and proportional-integral control can eliminate the system static error and improve precision. Thus, through composite application of fuzzy control and proportional-integral control, the response speed of the system is increased, and the measurement precision of the system is improved.

Description

The control method of quick high accuracy chilled-mirror type dew point instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control method of chilled-mirror type dew point view measurement, the method can eliminate control imbalance and cause System concussion, accelerate dew point measurement, improve certainty of measurement.
Background technology
Chilled-mirror type dew point instrument is a kind of typical photoelectric type dew point hygrometer, and it has dew point room, photodetector system, refrigeration system System, temp measuring system and Single-chip Controlling processing system composition.Its measuring principle is:The condensation mirror that tested gas passes through dew point room, In the case where Single-chip Controlling processing system and photodetector system coordinate, freezed by equipressure, the steam in gas is gradually reached full With, frost or dew are at this moment had on Cold Mirrors, when frost layer on Cold Mirrors or cut-layer reach certain thickness, the hydrone escaped from frost layer is equal to The hydrone condensed from sample gas reaches dynamic equilibrium, and value when being kept for a period of time, is exactly dew point value.Then thermometric is passed through System measures dew point temperature value, then obtains the moisture content in sample gas by conversion according to dew point value, most of on the market at present It is PID control etc., wherein PID is adjusted to the regulative mode of fixed proportion, integration and differential coefficient, due in whole test, Coefficient value is fixed, so regulating system adaptability is poor, the similar damping vibration waveform of measurement process, repeatedly vibration causes measurement Time lengthening, in some instances it may even be possible to be unable to reach stable state without reading value.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem above, the present invention provides a kind of control method of quick high accuracy dew point hygrometer, to existing Cold Mirrors The control method of formula dew point hygrometer is greatly improved, and reduces system oscillation, accelerates test speed, improves robustness, and Improve the precision of measurement.
Technical solution of the present invention and principle:
The high accuracy chilled-mirror type dew point instrument that the present invention is provided, including dew point room, photodetector system, temp measuring system, system Cooling system, Single-chip Controlling processing system and input-output system.Bright and clean minute surface is located above semiconductor cooler, and controller leads to Cross D/A and be transformed to electric current, so as to control mirror temperature.The system is using two kinds of complex controlls of control model:First set one Threshold value, system measures the light energy of the reflected light of reaction frost thickness in real time, calculates the difference of current light energy and control targe value The rate of change Δ Rx of Rx and light energy, if during Rx > threshold values, carrying out Fuzzy Processing control;When error Rx < threshold values, according to than Example integral PI control rule, is then controlled treatment, and control operating current makes light energy reach control targe value, controls luminous energy The rate of change of amount in allowed limits, stops proportional plus integral control, exports dew point value.Fuzzy control can obtain good transient state Performance, reduces the equilibration time of system, but it lacks integral element, it is impossible to eliminate system static difference, measurement brings error, and compares Example integration control, precision is improved to eliminate system static difference;Therefore fuzzy control and proportional plus integral control Application of composite, both improve The response speed of system improves the precision of system again.Detailed protocol is as follows:
Step 1:First in the case of minute surface is dry, an initial value Ro for reflected light is obtained, as system benchmark, W1It is condensation erroneous judgement coefficient, W2It is system control targe coefficient, by W1× Ro just omits the threshold value of dew point as differentiating, by W2× Ro makees It is control targe value, 0 < W2< W1The real number of < 1.
Step 2:System start measurement when, the light energy of system Real-time Collection reflected light, and calculate current light energy with The difference Rx of control targe value, due to just starting refrigeration, system reaches far away condensation, so the Rx at this moment measuring is more than certainly Just omit the threshold value W of dew point1× Ro, system is in fuzzy control mode.
Step 3:In fuzzy control state, the reflected light and control targe W of Real-time Collection are obtained2The difference Rx of × Ro and They, are changed into fuzzy value and are sent to fuzzy controller by the rate of change Δ Rx of difference Rx, and output control is drawn by fuzzy rule inference The fuzzy set of amount processed, then by output quantity carry out defuzzification treatment obtain clearly controlled quentity controlled variable U1(k);The wherein calculation of fuzzy controller Method is as follows:
U1(K)=K1×R(K)+K2×[R(K)-R(K-1)]
Wherein K is sampling sequence number, and R (K) is the deviation of sampling instant K inputs, and R (K) and R (K-1) are respectively K The deviation of secondary sampling instant input and the deviation of the K-1 times sampling instant input, K1It is proportionality coefficient, K2It is differential coefficient, K1And K2It is value that controller is obtained by fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, comparative example derivative controller carries out online self-tuning and obtains, Output quantity U is calculated using the ratio and differentiation element of deviation1(K);This control model is always maintained at R (K) and turns more than pattern Change threshold value W1× Ro, once R (K) is less than patten transformation threshold value W1During × Ro, system then enters proportional integral PI control models.
Step 4:It has been now the threshold value for just omiting dew point when proportional integral PI control models are entered, has at this moment been System closely poised state, then according to the output U of proportional integral PI controllers2(K) light energy of reflected light, is made to reach control Desired value processed;The rate of change of control light energy is in allowed band;At this moment temperature value is exactly dew point;
Described proportional integral PI control algolithms are as follows:
Wherein Kp, Ki are the proportionality coefficient and integral coefficient of PI controllers
Using this control method, the response speed of system is improve, reduce vibration, also improve certainty of measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the measurement apparatus schematic diagram of chilled-mirror type dew point instrument of the invention
Fig. 2 is this method control flow chart schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments
The quick high accuracy chilled-mirror type dew point instrument that the present invention is provided, its structure meaning is as shown in Figure 1.Including dew point room, light Electricity detecting system, temp measuring system, refrigeration system, Single-chip Controlling processing system etc..Wherein dew point room is included by light emitting diode 1st, the photodetector unit of photodiode 2 and the composition of minute surface 3, RTD 4 and refrigeration unit 5;Measuring circuit is by light electric-examination Slowdown monitoring circuit 6, temperature measurement circuit 7 are constituted;The electric path control deivce 9 of control and refrigeration drive circuit 8 are constituted;Measuring circuit respectively with The photodetector unit of dew point room, RTD 4 and controller 9 are connected;Control circuit connects with controller and refrigeration unit 5 respectively Connect;
The present invention obtains an initial value Ro for reflected light first in the case of minute surface is dry, as system benchmark, W is condensation erroneous judgement coefficient, W2It is system control targe coefficient, by W1× Ro just omits the threshold value of dew point as differentiating, by W2× Ro makees It is control targe value, 0 < W2< W1The real number of < 1, typically takes W2=0.60, W1=0.65.
When system starts measurement, the light energy of system Real-time Collection reflected light, and calculate current light energy and control targe The difference Rx of value, due to just starting refrigeration, system reaches far away condensation, so the Rx at this moment measuring is certainly more than first slightly dew point Threshold value W1× Ro, system is in fuzzy control mode.
In fuzzy control state, the reflected light and control targe W of Real-time Collection are obtained2The difference Rx and difference Rx of × Ro Rate of change Δ Rx, they are changed into fuzzy value and are sent to fuzzy controller, the mould of output control amount is drawn by fuzzy rule inference Collection is pasted, then output quantity is carried out into defuzzification treatment and obtain controlled quentity controlled variable U1(k);The algorithm of wherein fuzzy controller is as follows:
U1(K)=K1×R(K)+K2×[R(K)-R(K-1)]
Wherein K is sampling sequence number, and R (K) is the deviation of sampling instant K inputs, and R (K) and R (K-1) are respectively K The deviation of secondary sampling instant input and the deviation of the K-1 times sampling instant input, K1It is proportionality coefficient, K2It is differential coefficient, K1And K2It is value that controller is obtained by fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, comparative example derivative controller carries out online self-tuning and obtains, Output quantity U is calculated using the ratio and differentiation element of deviation1(K), using U1(K) voltage control cryogenic temperature value, makes reaction frost The reflected light of thickness degree approaches control targe value.This control model is always maintained at R (K) more than patten transformation threshold value W1× Ro, Once R (K) is less than patten transformation threshold value W1During × Ro, system then enters proportional integral PI control models.
R (K) is less than patten transformation threshold value W1During × Ro, system then enters proportional integral PI control models, has been now The threshold value of dew point is just omited, expression is changed into proportional plus integral control mode, Ran Hougen already close to poised state, now controller According to proportional plus integral control, controller output U2(K) the light energy Δ Rx of reflected light, is made to reach control targe value (< W2×Ro);Control The rate of change of light energy (< 0.01%) in allowed band;At this moment temperature value is exactly dew point;
Described proportional integral PI control algolithms are as follows:
Wherein Kp, Ki are the proportionality coefficient and integral coefficient of PI controllers, take working experience value, and the value one is configured, Would not change in the control process of system.

Claims (2)

1. the control method of quick high accuracy chilled-mirror type dew point instrument, it has fuzzy control and proportional plus integral control function concurrently, applies to cold In the quick and high precision measurement of mirror dew point hygrometer, it is characterized in that:Light energy and the control mesh for rough dew point occur are determined first The difference of the light energy of scale value is judgment threshold, then the light energy of the reflected light of Real-time Collection reflection frost thickness, and is calculated The difference of the light energy and control targe light energy, and difference rate of change, when the difference is more than judgment threshold, system is just Using Fuzzy Control Model control, when the difference is less than judgment threshold, system with regard to adoption rate integration control, its specific step It is rapid as follows:
Step 1:Determine judgment threshold and system control targe value, specially:First in the case of minute surface is dry, one is obtained The initial value Ro of reflected light, as system benchmark, W1It is condensation erroneous judgement coefficient, W2It is system control targe coefficient, by W1×Ro As the slightly threshold value of dew point is differentiated just, by W2× Ro is used as control targe value;
Step 2:When system starts measurement, the light energy of system Real-time Collection reflected light, and calculate current light energy and control targe The difference Rx of value, due to just starting refrigeration, system reaches far away condensation, so the Rx at this moment measuring is more than certainly just slightly revealing The threshold value W of point1× Ro, system is in fuzzy control mode;Described fuzzy control is:Obtain the reflected light of Real-time Collection with Control targe W2They, are changed into fuzzy value and are sent to controller by the rate of change Δ Rx of the difference Rx and difference Rx of × Ro, The fuzzy set of output control amount is drawn by fuzzy rule inference, then output quantity is carried out into defuzzification treatment and obtain controlled quentity controlled variable U1(k);The algorithm of wherein controller is as follows:
U1(K)=K1×R(K)+K2×[R(K)-R(K-1)]
Wherein K is sampling sequence number, and R (K) is the deviation of sampling instant K inputs, and R (K) and R (K-1) is respectively kth sampling The deviation of moment input and the deviation of the K-1 times sampling instant input, K1It is proportionality coefficient, K2It is differential coefficient, K1 And K2Value that controller is obtained by fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, comparative example derivative controller carry out online self-tuning and , calculate output quantity U using the ratio and differentiation element of deviation1(K);This control model is always maintained to R (K) being more than Patten transformation threshold value W1× Ro, once R (K) is less than patten transformation threshold value W1During × Ro, system then enters proportional integral PI controls Pattern;
Step 3:It has been now the threshold value for just omiting dew point, then according to ratio when proportional integral PI control models are entered The output U of integral PI controller2(K) light energy of reflected light, is made to reach control targe value;The rate of change of light energy is controlled to exist In allowed band;At this moment temperature value is exactly dew point;
Described proportional integral PI control algolithms are as follows:
U 2 ( K ) = K p × R ( K ) + K i Σ j = 0 k R ( j )
Wherein Kp, Ki are the proportionality coefficient and integral coefficient of PI controllers, take working experience value, and the value one is configured, in system Control process in would not change.
2. the control method of quick high accuracy chilled-mirror type dew point instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 1, W2、W1Meet relation:0 < W2< W1The real number of < 1.
CN201510784942.8A 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 Control method of rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument Pending CN106706708A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109085201A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-25 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultra-low humidity dew point hygrometer and its temprature control method
CN109187621A (en) * 2018-08-31 2019-01-11 成都信息工程大学 A kind of sounding type water vapor detecting device
CN109828456A (en) * 2019-03-04 2019-05-31 沈阳华控科技发展有限公司 A kind of Adaptive PID Control method
CN110146546A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-20 秦燕 A kind of chilled-mirror type dew point instrument automatic optoelectronic detection system

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109187621A (en) * 2018-08-31 2019-01-11 成都信息工程大学 A kind of sounding type water vapor detecting device
CN109085201A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-25 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultra-low humidity dew point hygrometer and its temprature control method
CN109085201B (en) * 2018-09-12 2023-09-15 南京信息工程大学 Ultralow humidity dew point meter and temperature control method thereof
CN109828456A (en) * 2019-03-04 2019-05-31 沈阳华控科技发展有限公司 A kind of Adaptive PID Control method
CN110146546A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-20 秦燕 A kind of chilled-mirror type dew point instrument automatic optoelectronic detection system
CN110146546B (en) * 2019-06-17 2022-01-18 深圳市一量检测有限公司 Automatic photoelectric detection system of cold mirror type dew point instrument

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