CN106705500A - Evaporator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an evaporator. The evaporator comprises a barrel, a heat exchange pipe bundle arranged in the barrel, a first barrel cover, a second barrel cover, a refrigerating medium inlet and a refrigerating medium outlet, and the refrigerating medium inlet and the refrigerating medium outlet are formed in one of the first barrel cover and the second barrel cover. The evaporator further comprises a refrigerating agent inlet formed in the bottom of the barrel, a refrigerating agent outlet formed in the top of the barrel, and a refrigerating agent liquid collector connected with the refrigerating agent inlet, located below the heat exchange pipe bundle in the barrel and provided with a jetting hole, wherein the refrigerating agent liquid collector is connected with the refrigerating agent inlet through a refrigerating agent liquid guiding pipe. The evaporator has the beneficial effects of being low in temperature difference, efficient in heat transfer, excellent in anti-icing protecting performance, capable of remarkably improving the energy efficiency of a refrigerating air conditioner water chilling unit, small and exquisite in size, low in refrigerating agent filling amount, free of liquid carrying of gas sucking, convenient to maintain and clean, and long in service life.

Description

Evaporator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of evaporator, especially a kind of climbing film evaporator.

Background technology

Evaporator is an important component in four big parts of refrigeration, and the condensed fluid of low temperature passes through Evaporator carries out heat exchange with the air in the external world, and gasification heat absorption reaches the effect of refrigeration.

Traditional shell and tube evaporator is broadly divided into dry evaporator and flooded evaporator.

Dry evaporator is non-flooded evaporator, and, in Bottomhole pressure, water is in tube bundle for refrigerant Outer flowing.Refrigerant flowing generally has several flows, due to the gradually gasification of refrigerant liquid, Generally more upward, its flow pipe number is more.In order to increase the heat exchange of water side, in cylinder heat-transfer pipe Outside be provided with several deflection plates, make water repeatedly it is horizontal plunder tube bundle flow.Its shortcoming is：Steam Hair pipe surface is soaked for partially liq, and surface coefficient of heat transfer is relatively low, and heat transfer effect is poor.

Flooded evaporator is leaked water in pipe, and refrigerant evaporates outside tube bundle, so heat transfer Face is essentially all to be contacted with liquid refrigerant.The refrigerant amount of filling is about in general housing The 55%~65% of the dischargeable capacity of cylinder, after refrigerant liquid endothermic gasification through cylinder at the top of Liquid separator, backs into compressor.Its advantage is compact conformation, and convenient operation and management is passed Hot coefficient is higher.Incrustation scale opens end cap easily cleaning and water process in copper pipe inwall.It lacks Put and be：The refrigerant side resistance of flooded evaporator is larger；Dissolved each other with refrigerant in lubricating oil In the case of, the oil return of flooded evaporator is more difficult and unstable, and oil return situation is directly affected Work operating mode and the operating mode oil of unit are moved；Further, since being filled in the housing of flooded evaporator Full refrigerant, so filling amount is big.

The content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of evaporator, particularly climbing-film evaporation Device, it is adaptable to the shell and tube evaporator of refrigeration air-conditioner handpiece Water Chilling Units etc., its heat exchange efficiency is high, Refrigerant side resistance is small, long service life.

In order to solve the above technical problems, evaporator of the invention, including：

One both ends open is respectively the cylinder at first end and the second end,

The heat-exchanging tube bundle in the cylinder is arranged at,

The first cover for being connected for the first end with the cylinder and for the cylinder Second cover of second end connection of body,

Be respectively used to be connected with the inlet and outlet of the heat-exchanging tube bundle is arranged on described first Refrigerating medium import and refrigerating medium outlet on one of cover and the second cover,

Characterized in that, also including：

It is arranged at the refrigerant inlet of the cylinder body bottom and the system being arranged at the top of the cylinder Cryogen is exported,

Be connected with the refrigerant inlet under the heat-exchanging tube bundle in the cylinder The refrigerant accumulator with spray-hole of side, wherein, the refrigerant accumulator is by refrigerant Catheter is connected with the refrigerant inlet.

Above-mentioned technical proposal has the advantages that：Evaporator of the invention is steamed using film is risen Hair device, snakelike heat-exchanging tube bundle of the refrigerating medium in evaporator tube mainly flows back as level Dynamic, it is simultaneously final with gaseous state side that refrigerant enters motion upwards from base of evaporator in a liquid-like manner Formula flows out from evaporator top, because the direction of motion of refrigerating medium and refrigerant is mutually perpendicular to, And refrigerant forms climbing-film evaporation in motion process from the bottom up, therefore achieve very well Heat transfer effect, its detailed schematic and implementation process have in specific embodiment of the invention Describe in detail.Further, this evaporator duty is extensive, it is adaptable to refrigeration air-conditioner cooling-water machine The shell and tube evaporator of group etc., with Low Temperature Difference efficient heat transfer, excellent anti-icing protection, energy Enough significantly improve the energy efficiency of refrigeration air-conditioner handpiece Water Chilling Units, compact, refrigerant charging Amount is low, and without absorbing gas belt liquid, maintenance clean is convenient, the advantage of long service life.

Preferably, the spray-hole perforate direction of the refrigerant accumulator is described in Cylinder lower inner wall.The liquid refrigerant for now being sprayed from the spray-hole is at a relatively high speed Impacted towards the cylinder inboard wall of cylinder bottom, the bounce-back impact produced by cylinder inboard wall is by liquid It is the tiny numerous refrigerant drops of getting up that splash that state refrigerant is smashed, and refrigerant drop is touched It is attached on the tube wall of heat-exchanging tube bundle after to heat-exchanging tube bundle, resulting numerous refrigerant liquids Drop possesses larger effective heat exchange area, therefore can be realized with the refrigerating medium in heat-exchanging tube bundle High efficient heat exchanging.It is highly preferred that in spray-hole perforate direction lower section and the cylinder bottom Heat-exchanging tube bundle is provided between wall.Two additional beneficial effects can now be brought.First, Because some refrigerant is directly injected on the outer wall of heat-exchanging tube bundle and is splashed, and Because the refrigerating medium in heat-exchanging tube bundle is to the heat effect of this some refrigerant so that this part The evaporation effect of refrigerant more preferably, can also take away more heats.Second, being also even more important , because heat-exchanging tube bundle is near cylinder lower inner wall, therefore, when refrigerant is to cylinder bottom When inwall sprays, part of refrigerant is ejected on heat-exchanging tube bundle outer wall, another part refrigeration Agent is ejected into cylinder lower inner wall, therefore, from the point of view of overall collision effect, due to heat exchange Tube bank outer wall and cylinder lower inner wall close proximity, heat-exchanging tube bundle outer wall and cylinder lower inner wall An irregular surface region is collectively constituted, when refrigerant injection to this irregular table During the region of face, refrigerant can occur very disorderly and complicated splashing and reflection, and this process is non- Often be conducive to the irregular splashing of refrigerant, so as to produce more tiny splashings being crashed to pieces Refrigerant drop, so as to obtain bigger effective heat exchange area, realize more efficient heat exchange Process.

Preferably, in the lower section of the heat-exchanging tube bundle and the refrigerant collection with spray-hole Porous plate is provided between the top of liquid device.In numerous refrigerant drops that above-mentioned splashing is got up The larger refrigerant drop of volume is broken into smaller refrigerant drop by porous plate, to ensure The volume of refrigerant drop will not be excessive.

Preferably, the horizontally disposed of the inner barrel has demister.Demister is used to go Except the bubble and residual droplets of entrainment in gas so that final gaseous refrigerant is by demister Top overheated zone is overheated, then the refrigerant outlet outflow from the top of cylinder, and returns to compression Machine.

Preferably, first cover is provided with annular first end socket, the cylinder first End is provided with annular first plate, and annular first end socket connects with annular first plate Connect, junction is provided with annular first gasket seal.Preferably, on second cover Annular second end socket is provided with, the end of the cylinder second is provided with annular second plate, the ring The end socket of shape second is connected with annular second plate, and junction is provided with annular second and seals Pad.Described annular first gasket seal and annular second gasket seal can use bolt Form is sealed, it is possible thereby to better ensure that the sealing of cylinder.

Preferably, the heat-exchanging tube bundle is the tube bank of snakelike wrap around type.It is highly preferred that described Heat-exchanging tube bundle is the snakelike wrap around type tube bundle array of array parallel arrangement.Snakelike wrap around type cloth Put and enable that the refrigerating medium flowed in heat-exchanging tube bundle has an opportunity to flow repeatedly by each group system Cooling position in the middle of cryogen import and refrigerant outlet, so as to obtain multiple cooler meeting, Cooling effectiveness is improved, the structure of whole evaporator also seems more compact.

Preferably, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with barrel support seat, preferably to play Supporting role.

Preferably, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with sewage draining exit and/or fuel outlet, to cause Lubricating oil can preferably flow and blowdown.

Preferably, also including be arranged in the cylinder for supporting the heat-exchanging tube bundle Supporting plate.In the longitudinal direction may be more long in view of heat-exchanging tube bundle, therefore can change Several supporting plates, supporting plate are arranged in some location-appropriates ground on the length direction of heat pipe bundle Concrete shape can accordingly be designed and arranged according to the difference of institute Support Position.

Preferably, the refrigerating medium is water or salt solution, and water or salt solution are all readily available, and It is with low cost.

Preferably, the refrigerant is ammonia, and this is conventional refrigerant, also be can select each Plant the conventional refrigerant replacement ammonia of refrigeration industry, such as freon etc..

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

Fig. 1 is the side view of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 2A is the sectional view in the Z-Z sections of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 2 B are one kind of Fig. 2A to improved form；

Fig. 3 A are the side view of the first cover of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 3 B are the front view of the first cover of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 4 A are the side view of the second cover of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 4 B are the front view of the second cover of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 5 A are annular first gasket seal of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 5 B are annular second gasket seal of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 6 is the heat-exchanging tube bundle of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 7 A are the supporting plate for being used to support heat-exchanging tube bundle in the cylinder of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 7 B are the supporting plate for being used to support heat-exchanging tube bundle in the cylinder of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 8 A are annular the first/bis- front view of plate of the cylinder of evaporator of the invention；

Fig. 8 B are annular the first/bis- side view of plate of the cylinder of evaporator of the invention.

Specific embodiment

In order to preferably illustrate the specific embodiment of evaporator of the invention, below for Preferred evaporator embodiment is described in detail.

In order to preferably show the pass of the heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 inside cylinder 002 and cylinder 002 System, in the side view of the evaporator of the invention of Fig. 1, part has been carried out to cylinder 002 Perspective, the position for showing its internal heat tube bank 004.

As shown in figure 1 and 2 a, the both ends open of cylinder 002 of evaporator, respectively cylinder 002 first end and the second end.Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2A, Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, Wherein first end is set to first plate 015A of annular, and the second end is set to annular second plate 015B。

As shown in figure 1, heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 is arranged in cylinder 002.Preferably, as schemed Shown in 6, heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 is the snakelike wrap around type tube bundle array of array parallel arrangement.

As shown in figure 1, the first cover 031 is used to be connected with the first end of cylinder 002, second Cover 032 is used to be connected with the second end of cylinder 002.Preferably, as Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, Shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, the first cover 031 is provided with annular first end socket 007, Annular first end socket 007 is connected with the first plate 015A of annular at the first end of cylinder 002, Junction is provided with annular first gasket seal 009.Preferably, as Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B, Shown in Fig. 5 B and Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, the second cover 032 is provided with annular second end socket 008, Annular second end socket 008 is connected with the second plate 015B of annular at the end of cylinder 002 second, Junction is provided with annular second gasket seal 010.Annular first gasket seal 009 and ring The second gasket seal of shape 010 can be sealed using bolt pattern.

As shown in figure 1, refrigerating medium import 007B and refrigerating medium outlet 007A are arranged on first On cover 031.The entrance of the heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 in refrigerating medium import 007B and cylinder 002 Correspondence connection, the outlet that refrigerating medium exports the heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 in 007A and cylinder 002 is right Should connect, this kind of connected mode can select welding.Those skilled in the art should be easy to It is noted that in this embodiment of the invention choose as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B Refrigerating medium import 007B and refrigerating medium the outlet 007A being arranged on the first cover 031 are one Preferred technical scheme is planted, can also be using other technical schemes, it is also possible to reach identical Technique effect, such as by refrigerating medium import and refrigerating medium outlet be all disposed within the second cover, Refrigerating medium import is arranged on the first cover for another example and refrigerating medium outlet is arranged on the On two covers, and such as refrigerating medium import is arranged on the second cover and goes out refrigerating medium Mouth is arranged on the first cover, and all kinds of technical scheme of the above each falls within protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in figure 1 and 2 a, refrigerant inlet 006 is arranged at the bottom of cylinder 002, system Cryogen outlet 001 is arranged at the top of cylinder 002.Preferably, as shown in figure 1, system Cryogen import 006 and refrigerant outlet 001 can be according to the concrete conditions of the length of cylinder 002 It is provided with multigroup, such as M positions in Fig. 1 are provided with one group of refrigerant inlet 006 and refrigeration Agent outlet 001, one group of refrigerant inlet 006 and refrigerant outlet 001 are provided with N positions again.

As shown in figure 1 and 2 a, refrigerant accumulator 005 is with spray-hole 005A, refrigeration Agent liquid trap 005 is by refrigerant catheter (not drawn in figure) and refrigerant inlet 006 It is connected, refrigerant accumulator 005 is located at the lower section of heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 in cylinder 002.Compared with Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 A, the spray-hole 005A perforates direction of refrigerant accumulator 005 Towards the lower inner wall of cylinder 002.

As shown in Figure 2 A, horizontally disposed inside cylinder 002 has demister 003, in heat exchange Set between the lower section and the top of the refrigerant accumulator 005 with spray-hole 005A of tube bank 004 It is equipped with porous plate 051.

As shown in Figure 2 B, it is a kind of improved form of Fig. 2A, refrigerant is shown in Fig. 2 B Catheter, in Fig. 2 B especially below the spray-hole 005A perforates direction with cylinder 002 under Heat-exchanging tube bundle 004X is provided between portion's inwall.In each heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 in Fig. 2A Heart point is all schematically connected with light line, represents that it forms neat arrangement, Fig. 2 B In do not connected schematically with light line, be the arrangement situation of its actual cross-section.

As shown in figure 1, the bottom of cylinder 002 is provided with barrel support seat 041, cylinder 002 Bottom be provided with sewage draining exit 014 and/or fuel outlet 013.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, also including be arranged in cylinder 002 for propping up The supporting plate 011,012 of heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 is supportted, is respectively used to exchange heat pipe in diverse location Beam 004 is supported.Wherein, as shown in figure 1, supporting plate 011 is respectively in P, Q, R Place's exchange heat pipe bundle 004 is supported, and supporting plate 012 is at S to exchange heat pipe bundle 004 It is supported.The concrete shape of supporting plate 011,012 can be according to the difference of institute Support Position Accordingly designed and arranged.

In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A, the specific work process to evaporator of the present invention makees following detailed Thin description.

Evaporator of the invention is climbing film evaporator.Wherein, refrigerant is ammonia, and refrigerating medium is salt Water.The tube side of the heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 of climbing film evaporator walks refrigerating medium, refrigerating medium stream in pipe It is dynamic, design temperature is cooled to, supply air conditioning terminal or technique end.In more preferably sheet In evaporator, from the entrance A positioned at the first cover 031 of evaporator left end to positioned at steaming Connected by a straight tube A-B at the B of the second cover for sending out device right-hand member, then from positioned at evaporation It is straight by one at the first cover C of evaporator left end to being located at second cover B of device right-hand member Pipe B-C is connected, then from being located at the first cover C of evaporator left end to evaporator is located at Connected by a straight tube C-D at the D of the second cover of right-hand member, finally from positioned at the evaporator right side To the outlet at the first cover E of evaporator left end by one at the second cover D at end Straight tube D-E connect, by above-mentioned 4 straight tubes A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E constitute it is continuous Tube bank A-B-C-D-E forms a snakelike heat exchange tube beam 004.It is highly preferred that many snakelike The array of heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 parallel arrangement can form snakelike wrap around type tube bundle array, thus Bigger heat exchange area can be obtained, more preferable heat transfer effect is obtained.Specifically, such as Fig. 1 With shown in Fig. 2A, refrigerating medium enters from refrigerating medium import 007B, by the first cover 031 Interior E chambers enter heat-exchanging tube bundle 004, and serpentine rings are carried out inside heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 around flowing, That is, refrigerating medium passes sequentially through the D chambers in the second cover 032, by the first cover C chambers in 031, by the B chambers in the second cover 032, finally by the first cover 031 Interior A chambers flow through refrigerating medium outlet 007A, and refrigerating medium completes the serpentine rings inside heat-exchanging tube bundle Around the whole flow process of heat release cooling.

At the same time, as shown in figure 1 and 2 a, liquid refrigerant is by the bottom of cylinder 002 Refrigerant inlet 006 enters, and flows through refrigerant catheter and reaches positioned at heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 In the refrigerant accumulator 005 with spray-hole 005A of lower section.Due to refrigerant accumulator 005 spray-hole 005A perforates direction towards the lower inner wall of cylinder 002, therefore now from spray The liquid refrigerant sprayed in perforation 005A is at a relatively high speed towards the cylinder of the bottom of cylinder 002 Inwall 002A impacts, and the refrigerant drop for getting up that splashes is attached to after encountering heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 On the tube wall of heat-exchanging tube bundle 004.If it will be understood by those skilled in the art that using Fig. 2 B In improved form, i.e., with the lower inner wall of cylinder 002 below spray-hole 005A perforates direction Between be provided with heat-exchanging tube bundle 004X, then refrigerant drop can obtain preferably splash effect Really.Wherein, the larger refrigerant drop of volume is broken into smaller refrigeration by porous plate 051 Agent drop, will not be excessive with the volume for ensureing refrigerant drop.During this, heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 pair of refrigerant heat, liquid refrigerant is heated and after largely evaporating, and is changed into gaseous form, Gaseous refrigerant is immediately with speed very high the system for being attached to heat-exchanging tube bundle outer surface 004A Cryogen drop pulls into film, rises towards the direction of refrigerant outlet 001 in cylinder 002, Bubble and residual droplets through being carried secretly in the removal gas of demister 003, final gaseous refrigerant Overheated by the top overheated zone of demister 003, then the refrigerant from the top of cylinder 002 goes out Mouth 001 flows out, and returns to compressor.As it was previously stated, at the same time, refrigerating medium is in heat exchange Flowing in tube bank 004, is cooled to design temperature, supplies air conditioning terminal or technique end.

Preferably, as shown in figure 1, refrigerant inlet 006 and refrigerant outlet 001 can be with Concrete condition according to the length of cylinder 002 is provided with multigroup, such as M positions in Fig. 1 set There is one group, one group is provided with again in N positions.When refrigerating medium array be arranged in parallel it is snakelike In the heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 of wrap around type tube bundle array during snakelike flowing, whenever flowing is by M Put during with N positions, can just be subject to refrigerant to manage the outer cooling for bringing in heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 and make With.Snakelike wrap around type is arranged such that the refrigerating medium in the Bottomhole pressure of heat-exchanging tube bundle 004 can have Chance flows by M positions and N positions repeatedly, so as to obtain multiple cooler meeting, improves Cooling effectiveness, the structure of whole evaporator also seems more compact.

Specific embodiment of the invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but this Invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementation method, in the ken that those skilled in the art possess It is interior, can also make a variety of changes without departing from the inventive concept of the premise.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of evaporator, including：

One both ends open is respectively the cylinder (002) at first end and the second end,

The heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) in the cylinder (002) is arranged at,

For the first cover (031) that the first end with the cylinder (002) is connected With the second cover (032) being connected for second end with the cylinder (002),

It is respectively used to be arranged on institute with the inlet and outlet of the heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) is connected State the refrigerating medium import (007B) on one of the first cover (031) and the second cover (032) (007A) is exported with refrigerating medium,

Characterized in that, also including：

It is arranged at the refrigerant inlet (006) of the cylinder (002) bottom and is arranged at institute The refrigerant outlet (001) at the top of cylinder (002) is stated,

The heat exchange in the cylinder (002) being connected with the refrigerant inlet The refrigerant accumulator (005) of the band spray-hole (005A) below tube bank (004), its In, the refrigerant accumulator (005) is by refrigerant catheter and the refrigerant inlet (006) it is connected.

2. evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the refrigerant liquid collecting The spray-hole (005A) the perforate direction of device (005) is towards under the cylinder (002) Portion's inwall.

3. evaporator as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the spray-hole (005A) Heat-exchanging tube bundle is provided between perforate direction lower section and the cylinder (002) lower inner wall (004X)。

4. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute Stating the horizontally disposed of cylinder (002) inside has demister (003).

5. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute State the first cover (031) and be provided with annular first end socket (007), the cylinder (002) First end is provided with annular first plate (015A), annular first end socket (007) with Annular first plate (015A) connection, junction is provided with annular first gasket seal (009)。

6. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute State the second cover (032) and be provided with annular second end socket (008), the cylinder (002) Second end is provided with annular second plate (015B), annular second end socket (008) with Annular second plate (015B) connection, junction is provided with annular second gasket seal (010)。

7. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute Heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) is stated for snakelike wrap around type is restrained.

8. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute State the snakelike wrap around type tube bundle array that heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) is arranged in parallel for array.

9. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute The bottom for stating cylinder (002) is provided with barrel support seat (041).

10. the evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that The bottom of the cylinder (002) is provided with sewage draining exit (014) and/or fuel outlet (013).

11. evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that In the lower section of the heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) and the refrigerant collection with spray-hole (005A) Porous plate (051) is provided between the top of liquid device (005).

12. evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that Also include be arranged in the cylinder (002) for supporting the heat-exchanging tube bundle (004) Supporting plate.

13. evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that The refrigerating medium is water or salt solution.

14. evaporator as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that The refrigerant is ammonia or freon.