CN106696377A - 一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN106696377A
CN106696377A CN201611106465.0A CN201611106465A CN106696377A CN 106696377 A CN106696377 A CN 106696377A CN 201611106465 A CN201611106465 A CN 201611106465A CN 106696377 A CN106696377 A CN 106696377A
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刘惠峰
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Taicang Datang Chemical Fiber Factory
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，包括外裹布层、外侧层、内侧层和中心层，各层由内而外的排布依次为中心层、内侧层、外侧层、外裹布层，所述内侧层材质为玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料，所述中心层材质为竹纤维基材。本发明的汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，结构紧凑，设计合理，与现有的汽车内饰板材相比，重量轻，整体强度得到了增强，多层结构使其具有抗冲击、耐磨、高承重的优良性能，具有较长的使用寿命。

Description

一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，尤其是一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材。
背景技术
汽车已越来越成为人们普遍消费的产品，汽车内饰作为技术性和艺术性的结合，占到汽车总设计工作量的大部分，可见内饰的重要程度和精细程度。同时内饰也是人们选购汽车的一个重要考虑因素。
汽车内饰在不同部位具有不同的要求，因此也不可能所有内饰都选用同一种材料。在目前汽车内饰很多场合，如天窗遮阳板、后备箱内壁、备胎仓盖等都采用纤维和塑料（很多时候是PP塑料）的复合面料热压或冲裁成型。但这种结构具有不耐磨、不承重、不耐久等缺点，不能很好地满足人们的需求。
发明内容
为了增强汽车内饰板材的承重能力、耐磨性等特性，并具有优良的综合性能和较广的适用范围，本发明提供一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，以解决上述存在的问题。
一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，包括外裹布层、外侧层、内侧层和中心层，各层由内而外的排布依次为中心层、内侧层、外侧层、外裹布层，所述内侧层材质为玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料，所述中心层材质为竹纤维基材。
作为优选，所述纤维增强板材为7层结构，以中心层为中心，上下各排布一层内侧层、外侧层、外裹布层。对称排布结构在起到进一步增强效果的同时，还将中心层的竹纤维包裹起来，能使其作为一个完整的层发挥其弯曲强度和缓冲的作用。
作为优选，所述外侧层的材质是尼龙6或聚氨酯。尼龙6和聚氨酯材料均具有优秀的耐磨性和寿命，尼龙6在阻燃性和承重能力表现较好，聚氨酯具有消音性和抗冲击性能，两种材料作为外侧层很适合，可根据不同内饰应用区域进行选择。
进一步的，所述内侧层包括第一增强层和第二增强层，所述第一增强层和第二增强层的玻璃纤维均是有序单向排列，且第一增强层和第二增强层的玻璃纤维排列方向相互垂直。玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯具有的强度增强了内侧层强度，而两增强层的纤维垂直排列，更是进一步增强了本发明整体的强度。
作为优选，所述外裹布层是无纺布、针织布、人造革、皮革中的一种。无纺布、针织布、人造革、皮革是汽车内饰中的常用外层面料，可在汽车内饰的不同应用部位出现，根据不同需求选用。
一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）、中心层的竹纤维喷洒适量的胶黏剂和阻燃剂，然后干燥，使其含水10%以下；
（2）、将竹纤维用机械铺装机铺装成板坯，后用压辊机以0.2-0.5 MPa的压力压制成竹纤维基材；
（3）、在其上下层铺展开两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板，两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板之间添加适当胶黏剂，竹纤维基材的厚度不小于6mm，每层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板的厚度在0.5-1.5mm；
（4）、将外侧层的材料均匀铺展在内侧层的上下两面，用模具加热使材料融化或发泡，随后用模具压制，如用聚氨酯，上模温度控制在120-125℃，下模温度控制在130-135℃，如用尼龙6，上模温度180-185℃，下模温度190-195℃，模具压制成型压力7-8MPa，保压时间1.5-2min，成型取出，剪裁。
（5）、用胶黏剂或封装线围绕外侧层封装外裹布层，即得。
作为优选，所述竹纤维的平均纤维长度不短于80mm，纤维强度不小于60MPa。竹纤维原材料的择优确保了竹纤维基材的有利性能。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明的汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，结构紧凑，设计合理，综合性能优异。与现有的汽车内饰板材相比，重量轻，整体强度得到了增强，多层结构使其具有抗冲击、耐磨、高承重的优良性能，且具有较长的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的剖面结构示意图。
1-外裹布层，2-外侧层，3-内侧层，31-第一增强层，32-第二增强层，4-中心层。
具体实施方式
一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，包括外裹布层1、外侧层2、内侧层3和中心层4，各层由内而外的排布依次为中心层4、内侧层3、外侧层2、外裹布层1，所述内侧层3材质为玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料，所述中心层4材质为竹纤维基材。
作为优选，所述纤维增强板材为7层结构，以中心层4为中心，上下各排布一层内侧层3、外侧层2、外裹布层1。
作为优选，所述外侧层2的材质是尼龙6或聚氨酯。
进一步的，所述内侧层3包括第一增强层31和第二增强层32，所述第一增强层31和第二增强层32的玻璃纤维均是有序单向排列，且第一增强层31和第二增强层32的玻璃纤维排列方向相互垂直。
作为优选，所述外裹布层1是无纺布、针织布、人造革、皮革中的一种。
一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）、中心层4的竹纤维喷洒适量的胶黏剂和阻燃剂，然后干燥，使其含水10%以下；
（2）、将竹纤维用机械铺装机铺装成板坯，后用压辊机以0.2-0.5MPa的压力压制成竹纤维基材；
（3）、在中心层4上下层铺展开两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板，两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板之间添加适当胶黏剂，竹纤维基材的厚度不小于6mm，每层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板的厚度在0.5-1.5mm；
（4）、将外侧层2的材料均匀铺展在内侧层的上下两面，用模具加热使材料融化或发泡，随后用模具压制，如用聚氨酯，上模温度控制在120-125℃，下模温度控制在130-135℃，如用尼龙6，上模温度180-185℃，下模温度190-195℃，模具压制成型压力7-8MPa，保压时间1.5-2min，成型取出，剪裁。
（5）、用胶黏剂或封装线围绕外侧层封装外裹布层，即得。
作为优选，所述竹纤维的平均纤维长度不短于80mm，纤维强度不小于60MPa。竹纤维原材料的择优确保了竹纤维基材的有利性能。
该法制得的汽车内饰用纤维增强板材和现有技术相比，重量轻，整体强度得到了增强，多层结构使其具有冲击、耐磨、高承重的优良性能和长使用寿命。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的优选技术方案，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，所做出的若干改进或等同替换，均视为本发明的保护范围，仍应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (7)

1.一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，其特征在于，包括外裹布层、外侧层、内侧层和中心层，各层由内而外的排布依次为中心层、内侧层、外侧层、外裹布层，所述内侧层材质为玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料，所述中心层材质为竹纤维基材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，其特征在于，所述纤维增强板材为7层结构，以中心层为中心，上下各排布一层内侧层、外侧层、外裹布层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，其特征在于，所述外侧层的材质是尼龙6或聚氨酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，其特征在于，所述内侧层包括第一增强层和第二增强层，所述第一增强层和第二增强层的玻璃纤维均是有序单向排列，且第一增强层和第二增强层的玻璃纤维排列方向相互垂直。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材，其特征在于，所述外裹布层是无纺布、针织布、人造革、皮革中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)、中心层的竹纤维喷洒适量的胶黏剂和阻燃剂，然后干燥，使其含水10%以下；
(2)、将竹纤维用机械铺装机铺装成板坯，后用压辊机以0.2-0.5 MPa的压力压制成竹纤维基材；
(3)、在其上下层铺展开两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板，两层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板之间添加适当胶黏剂，竹纤维基材的厚度不小于6mm，每层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯板的厚度在0.5-1.5mm；
(4)、将外侧层的材料均匀铺展在内侧层的上下两面，用模具加热使材料融化或发泡，随后用模具压制，如用聚氨酯，上模温度控制在120-125℃，下模温度控制在130-135℃，如用尼龙6，上模温度180-185℃，下模温度190-195℃，模具压制成型压力7-8MPa，保压时间1.5-2min，成型取出，剪裁；
(5)、用胶黏剂或封装线围绕外侧层封装外裹布层，即得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车内饰用纤维增强板材的制作方法，其特征在于，所述竹纤维的平均纤维长度不短于80mm，纤维强度不小于60MPa。
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CN113618977B (zh) * 2021-08-18 2023-08-18 常熟常春汽车零部件有限公司 一种天窗遮阳板的生产工艺

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