CN106685658B - Quantum key distribution system and method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment - Google Patents
Quantum key distribution system and method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
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- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
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Abstract
A quantum key distribution system based on continuous variable measurement device independence and a method thereof comprise a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and are characterized in that the receiver Bob is connected with a balanced homodyne detector BHD through a wavelength division multiplexer WDM, the sender Alice is connected with the balanced homodyne detector BHD at the Alice end and the Bob end, a continuous wave laser (L D) is attenuated into optical pulses after passing through an Intensity Modulator (IM), the optical pulses are subjected to Gaussian modulation coding in a coherent state after passing through an Amplitude Modulator (AM) and a Phase Modulator (PM) under the control of random numbers generated by a PC, and then the optical pulses are respectively sent to a third party Charlie, the generated noise has small influence on the system, the influence of forward transmission and backward transmission of a channel on the safe key generation rate of the system can be ignored, the metropolitan area network advantage of a CV-MDIQQKD secure communication system is very obvious, and a foundation can be laid for future commercialization and networking application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum communication, and particularly relates to a quantum key distribution system and method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment.
Background
In quantum key distribution based on continuous variables, a conventional detector is used for detecting by adopting methods such as balanced homodyne detection or heterodyne detection, and therefore, many attacks exist at a detection end, such as: for this reason, the concept of Measuring Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDIQKD) is introduced into Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution to solve the security vulnerability caused by the defect of the detector, and the idea of Continuous Variable measuring Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution (CV-MDIQKD) is proposed.
In 2014, a coherent-state-based CV-MDIQKD scheme is proposed by S.Pirandola of the university of Kyork, and theoretical analysis and principle experiment demonstration of a free space channel are performed, wherein a 1064nm coherent light source is adopted in the experiment, and the safe key rate is higher than that of DV-MDIQKD by more than three orders of magnitude.
In the same year, the Guo hong group of Beijing university respectively provides a continuous variable measurement device independent quantum key distribution scheme[8]And continuous variable measurement device quantum key distribution scheme based on compression state[9]Analysis shows that the CV-MDIQKD scheme can not only resist side channel attack of a detector, but also obtain a higher security key rate compared with CVQKD, but has a shorter communication distance and requires Charlie to be extremely close to a user, i.e. the channel is required to be an asymmetric channel.
In the same year, the Reineckia spring of national defense science and technology university also provides a coherent CV-MDIQKD scheme and proves the equivalence of data post-processing methods of forward negotiation and reverse negotiation in the CV-MDIQKD protocol.
The CV-MDIQKD has been developed in theoretical research since its introduction, but no more optimized protocol has been proposed, and in experimental aspects, there is no report of updated experiments other than the above-mentioned demonstration experiments based on free space channels, and since the demonstration experiments are very different from the real experimental implementation in terms of channel and light source wavelengths, it cannot represent the experimental implementation of CV-mqqkd. Therefore, in 2015 and 2016, there are many debates and discussions on the key rate realizability caused by parameter selection and the like in simulation verification of CV-MDIQKD, the superiority comparison between CV-MDIQKD and DV-MDIQKD, and there are many contents to be researched and clarified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, both communication parties obtain keys through quantum key distribution, and then a one-time pad encryption mode is adopted to carry out encryption communication on a classical communication system. However, when the quantum secure communication system realizes multi-user transmission, if a traditional communication network encrypted in a classical manner is to be modified into a quantum communication network, at least twice of the number of original optical fibers is needed, which will result in a drastic increase of laying cost, limit commercial application thereof, and hinder development thereof, and the CVQKD-based quantum secure communication system has a security vulnerability of side channel attack, which has a challenge to security thereof, and therefore, the invention aims to provide a quantum key distribution system and a method thereof based on independence of continuous variable measurement devices to solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a quantum key distribution system based on continuous variable measurement device independence comprises a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and is characterized in that the receiver Bob is connected with a balanced homodyne detector BHD through a wavelength division multiplexer WDM, and the sender Alice is connected with the balanced homodyne detector BHD;
the sender Alice comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted in the connection information, L D3 is encrypted in the connection information through information coding, the information encryption is connected with a control gateway, and a PC1, the control gateway, L D1, a BS polarizer, an IM, an AM, a PM and a dynamic controller are sequentially connected;
the third party Charlie comprises a PC (personal computer) 3, a BS1, a PM1 and a BS2 which are sequentially connected, wherein the BS1 is connected with another BS3, the BS3 is connected with a dynamic polarization controller, the BS3, the BS4 and the BDH are sequentially connected, and the BS2, the PM2 and the BS3 are sequentially connected;
the receiver Bob comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted, L D3 is encrypted through the information coding connection information, the information encryption is connected with a control gateway, and a PC2, the control gateway, L D2, a BS polarizer, an IM, an AM, a PM and a dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
Further, a quantum key distribution method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment is characterized in that at the end of Alice and Bob, a continuous wave laser (L D) passes through an Intensity Modulator (IM), is attenuated into optical pulses, passes through an Amplitude Modulator (AM) and a Phase Modulator (PM) under the control of random numbers generated by a PC, completes Gaussian modulation coding of coherent states, and then respectively sends the optical pulses to a third party Charlie, at the end of the third party Charlie, quantum light at the end of Alice and quantum light at the end of Bob are subjected to polarization compensation under the action of a dynamic polarization controller, and then are divided into two beams under the action of a 50:50 fraction device, relative phase difference is adjusted under the control of PM, measurement of two orthogonal components is completed, post-processing is carried out at a control computer 3, then a secure key is stored in a key pool, a control gateway at the end of Alice and the end of Bob extracts a key and classical data from the key pool, encryption is carried out by adopting the thought of 'one-time one-pad' encryption, the scheme is used for realizing effective information distribution in an optical fiber and optical fiber transmission, and the efficiency of the quantum key distribution can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the polarizer and the dynamic polarization controller both function to ensure the consistency of the polarization mode at the Charlie end, and the local oscillator light coherently detected at the Charlie end comes from the continuous wave laser L D1, and in order to ensure the stability of coherent detection, the lasers L D1 and L D2 need to have good coherence, and perform operations such as frequency locking and phase locking, so as to realize stable interference at the Charlie end.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the detection relay is close to a certain transmitting end, the influence of noise generated by the classical-quantum information common channel co-transmission on the system is small, and the influence of the classical channel forward transmission and backward transmission on the security key generation rate of the system can be ignored. Even if the input power of the classical channel is increased to 9mW, dozens of paths of classical information to be encrypted can be transmitted simultaneously, the security key rate of the system at 15km is still 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the current DV-MDIQKD, the metropolitan area network of the quantum secret communication system based on the CV-MDIQKD is very obvious in advantages, and a foundation can be laid for commercialization and networking application in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a performance simulation result of the system, where a is the key rate when the classical channel input power is 1mW, and b is the key rate when the classical channel input power is 9 mW.
Fig. 4 shows the secure key rate of the CV-MDIQKD co-channel co-transmission system at different classical channel input powers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a quantum key distribution system based on continuous variable measurement device independence comprises a sending party Alice and a receiving party Bob, and is characterized in that the receiving party Bob is connected with a balanced homodyne detector BHD through a wavelength division multiplexer WDM, and the sending party Alice is connected with the balanced homodyne detector BHD;
the sender Alice comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted in the connection information, L D3 is encrypted in the connection information through information coding, the information encryption is connected with a control gateway, and a PC1, the control gateway, L D1, a BS polarizer, an IM, an AM, a PM and a dynamic controller are sequentially connected;
the third party Charlie comprises a PC (personal computer) 3, a BS1, a PM1 and a BS2 which are sequentially connected, wherein the BS1 is connected with another BS3, the BS3 is connected with a dynamic polarization controller, the BS3, the BS4 and the BDH are sequentially connected, and the BS2, the PM2 and the BS3 are sequentially connected;
the receiver Bob comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted, L D3 is encrypted through the information coding connection information, the information encryption is connected with a control gateway, and a PC2, the control gateway, L D2, a BS polarizer, an IM, an AM, a PM and a dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
Further, a quantum key distribution method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment is characterized in that at the end of Alice and Bob, a continuous wave laser (L D) passes through an Intensity Modulator (IM), is attenuated into optical pulses, passes through an Amplitude Modulator (AM) and a Phase Modulator (PM) under the control of random numbers generated by a PC, completes Gaussian modulation coding of coherent states, and then respectively sends the optical pulses to a third party Charlie, at the end of the third party Charlie, quantum light at the end of Alice and quantum light at the end of Bob are subjected to polarization compensation under the action of a dynamic polarization controller, and then are divided into two beams under the action of a 50:50 fraction device, relative phase difference is adjusted under the control of PM, measurement of two orthogonal components is completed, post-processing is carried out at a control computer 3, then a secure key is stored in a key pool, a control gateway at the end of Alice and the end of Bob extracts a key and classical data from the key pool, encryption is carried out by adopting the thought of 'one-time one-pad' encryption, the scheme is used for realizing effective information distribution in an optical fiber and optical fiber transmission, and the efficiency of the quantum key distribution can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the polarizer and the dynamic polarization controller both function to ensure the consistency of the polarization mode at the Charlie end, and the local oscillator light coherently detected at the Charlie end comes from the continuous wave laser L D1, and in order to ensure the stability of coherent detection, the lasers L D1 and L D2 need to have good coherence, and perform operations such as frequency locking and phase locking, so as to realize stable interference at the Charlie end.
Comparing (a) and (b) in fig. 3, it can be seen that when the input power of the classical channel is increased, the maximum safe transmission distance of the CV-MDIQKD classical-quantum information co-channel co-transmission system is reduced, and when the input power of the classical channel is 9mW, the maximum safe transmission distances of the multiplexed forward classical channel and the multiplexed backward classical channel are respectively reduced to 18.4km and 17.9km, and the safe key rate at this time is 18.4km and 17.9km
The bits/pulse order, since as the classical channel input power increases, the spontaneous raman scattering noise in the CV-MDIQKD system increases, resulting in additional noise increase of the system, resulting in a decrease of the safe transmission distance.
As can be seen from fig. 4, in the quantum secret communication system using CV-MDIQKD, we can transmit encrypted information regardless of the transmission direction of the classical channel. At this time, even if the input power of the classical channel is increased to 9mW, the security key rate can be reached at 15km
bits/pulse, and
the security key rate of bits/pulse and the requirement that the classical channel power of 9mW is sufficient for tens of classical channels to transmit simultaneously makes the quantum secret communication based on CV-MDIQKD become practical in the not-distant future.
When the detection relay is close to a certain transmitting end, the influence of noise generated by the classical-quantum information common channel co-transmission on the system is small, and the influence of the classical channel forward transmission and backward transmission on the security key generation rate of the system can be ignored. Even if the input power of the classical channel is increased to 9mW, dozens of paths of classical information to be encrypted can be transmitted simultaneously, the security key rate of the system at 15km is still 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the current DV-MDIQKD, the metropolitan area network of the quantum secret communication system based on the CV-MDIQKD is very obvious in advantages, and a foundation can be laid for commercialization and networking application in the future.
Claims (2)
1. A quantum key distribution system based on continuous variable measurement device independence comprises a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and is characterized in that the receiver Bob is connected with a balanced homodyne detector BHD through a wavelength division multiplexer WDM, and the sender Alice is connected with the balanced homodyne detector BHD;
the sender Alice comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted, the continuous wave laser L D3 is connected with the information encryption through information coding, the information encryption is connected with the control gateway, and the PC1, the control gateway, the continuous wave laser L D1, the BS polarizer, the intensity modulator IM, the amplitude modulator AM, the phase modulator PM and the dynamic controller are sequentially connected;
the third party Charlie comprises a PC (personal computer) 3, a BS1, a PM1 and a BS2 which are sequentially connected, wherein the BS1 is connected with another BS3, the BS3 is connected with a dynamic polarization controller, the BS3, the BS4 and the BDH are sequentially connected, and the BS2, the PM2 and the BS3 are sequentially connected;
the receiving party Bob comprises the following components that the information detection decoding connection information is decrypted and then encrypted, the continuous wave laser L D3 is connected with the information encryption through the information coding, the information encryption is connected with the control gateway, and the PC2, the control gateway, the continuous wave laser L D2, the BS polarizer, the intensity modulator IM, the amplitude modulator AM, the phase modulator PM and the dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
2. A quantum key distribution method based on independence of continuous variable measurement equipment is characterized in that at Alice and Bob ends, a continuous wave laser (L D) passes through an Intensity Modulator (IM) and then is attenuated into optical pulses, the optical pulses pass through an Amplitude Modulator (AM) and a Phase Modulator (PM) under the control of random numbers generated by a PC (personal computer), Gaussian modulation coding of coherent states is completed, the optical pulses are respectively sent to a third party Charlie, at the third party Charlie end, quantum light at the Alice end and quantum light at the Bob end are subjected to polarization compensation under the action of a dynamic polarization controller and then are divided into two beams under the action of a 50:50 fraction device, relative phase difference is adjusted under the control of the PM, measurement of two orthogonal components is completed, post-processing is performed at a control computer 3, then a secure key is stored in a key pool, and control gateways at the Alice and Bob ends extract a key and classical data from the key pool.
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| CN108989035B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-06-15 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Measurement equipment independence-based continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system |
| CN110896328B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2022-04-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on single reference light pulse single homodyne detection |
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| CN109167663B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-10-27 | 成都信息工程大学 | Multi-user quantum key distribution method and system based on dense coding |
| CN110620653B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-01-10 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | MDI-QKD network communication system and communication method |
| CN109379188B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2022-03-15 | 山西大学 | Measuring equipment irrelevant phase matching quantum key distribution device |
| KR102225679B1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-03-10 | 한국과학기술원 | Time Division Quadrature Homodyne CV QKD system |
| CN112073181B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-08-03 | 北京邮电大学 | QKD network, metropolitan area node and key distribution method between access networks thereof |
| CN112929163B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-01-07 | 中南大学 | Measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system |
| CN112804056B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-06-17 | 上海循态量子科技有限公司 | Device and method for realizing independent quantum key distribution of continuous variable measurement equipment |
| CN113079009B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Time-phase coding measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system |
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