CN106684237B - Space solar radiation electricity generation material grading structure and its device and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Space solar radiation electricity generation material grading structure and its device and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106684237B CN106684237B CN201510761244.6A CN201510761244A CN106684237B CN 106684237 B CN106684237 B CN 106684237B CN 201510761244 A CN201510761244 A CN 201510761244A CN 106684237 B CN106684237 B CN 106684237B
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- solar radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/855—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen or nitrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/81—Structural details of the junction
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of space solar radiation electricity generation material structures, including graphite ene coatings, the surface of graphite ene coatings and internal material, volatile material or incendive material by being soluble in solvent form porous structure, and the coating of porous structure obtains different solar radiation refractive index.Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the etching to graphene coating surface, to make its surface and internal formation hole configurations, so that photon is absorbed after impinging perpendicularly on graphene coating surface by multiple reflections.Using graphene itself to the good absorption of the light of visible light and infrared band, the absorption of 100% pair of sunlight heat can reach.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Space power sources to utilize technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of space solar radiations
Electricity generation material structure further relates to the manufacturing method using the structure solar radiation power generating device constituted and the structure.
Background technique
In-orbit environment is primarily referred to as spacecraft natural environment and artificial environment encountered in process, including height in orbit
Vacuum environment, cold darkness environment, solar electromagnetic radiation, charged particle radiation, neutral atmosphere, space junk and micrometeroroid, etc. from
It is daughter, micro-vibration, microgravity, man-made radiation's (nuclear explosion radiation and laser emission etc.) and bacterium in manned sealed compartment, wet
The environment such as degree.
The orbit altitude of spacecraft operation is different, and vacuum degree is also different, and track is higher, and vacuum degree is higher, in height above sea level 600km
Place, atmospheric pressure is 10-7Pa or less；At 1200km, atmospheric pressure 10-9Pa；At 10000km, atmospheric pressure 10-10Pa；Month
Ball surface atmospheric pressure is 10-10Pa~10-12Pa has been about as much as 100 hydrogen molecule/cm3；Milky way galaxy interplanetary atmosphere pressure
It is 10-13Pa~10-18Pa。
With the raising of height, atmospheric temperature first drops to be risen afterwards, and stratosphere top is up to 0 DEG C at 50km, from stratosphere top to
Middle layer top drops to -100 DEG C.It is upwardly into thermosphere again, because of the oxygen molecule and oxygen atom adsorption solar ultraviolet radiation in atmosphere
Heating, temperature is with highly steeply rising, and up to 700~2000K at 500km, this part claims thermosphere.500km or more, temperature is no longer
With height change, referred to as exosphere, molecular thermometer is very high, and mean kinetic energy is big, but density is very low, and collision frequency is seldom, right
Spacecraft influences smaller.
When not considering the radiation of the sun and its neighbouring planet, space background radiation energy very little, about 5 × 10-6W/m2,
And in all directions be it is equivalent, it be equivalent to temperature be 3K blackbody radiation go out energy, so cosmic space
Low temperature also stated sometimes with " cold " this term.Space flight spacecraft compared with celestial body, size is not only too small, and
With it is very big at a distance from planet and celestial body, so from spacecraft surface issue radiation energy will not return again to spacecraft, i.e. universe
It is optical equal to 1 absolute black body to be similarly to absorption coefficient for all radiation energies that Spatial absorptive spacecraft surface issues
Matter.
Solar radiation is the greatest irradiation source that spacecraft is subject to.The range of solar spectrum is from less than 10-14The gamma-rays of m arrives
Wavelength is greater than the radio wave of 10km.The energy overwhelming majority concentrates on visible light and infrared band.Wherein, it is seen that light accounts for 46%,
Near-infrared accounts for 47%.The heat radiation wave-length coverage that thermal energy can be transformed into solar spectrum is 0.1 μm -1000 μm, accounts for integrated radiant emittance
99.99%, be equivalent to the black body radiation energy of 5760K.The distance of the earth to the sun is to be defined as 1 astronomical unit.In general, fixed
Intensity of solar radiation of the justice at one astronomical unit of the sun is 1 solar constant.World Meteorological Organization passes through within 1977
" world actinometry benchmark WWR ".The outer intensity of solar radiation average value of earth atmosphere is 1367W/m in this standard2, the Summer Solstice
1322W/m2, Winter Solstice 1414W/m2。
Therefore, in space, sunny slope is due to the irradiation by the sun, and temperature can be very high, and opaco, due to space phase
When in cold darkness environment, temperature is very low.
In addition, spacecraft in orbit during, need electric energy as payload or spacecraft itself in orbit
Energy source.The source of electric energy mostlys come from space solar cell power generation at present.In addition, nuclear energy power generation, thermo-electric generation
It is the important sources that can be selected, but still there are some technical problems to require further improvement.Wherein, thermo-electric generation is based on thermoelectricity
A kind of generation technology that the Seebeck effect of material grows up, by p-type and the two distinct types of thermoelectric material of N-type, (p-type is
Rich cavitation material, N-type are electron rich materials) one end is connected to form a PN junction, for example, see Fig. 1, is placed in the condition of high temperature, and it is another
End forms low temperature, then due to thermal excitation, P (N) profile material temperature end hole (electronics) concentration is higher than low-temperature end, therefore at this
Under the driving of kind concentration gradient, hole and electronics begin to spread to low-temperature end, to form electromotive force, such thermoelectric material is just
The process that the thermal energy of temperature end input is directly translated into electric energy is completed by the temperature difference between high/low temperature end.An individual PN
Knot, the electromotive force very little that can be formed, and if many such PN junctions are together in series, so that it may sufficiently high voltage is obtained,
As a thermoelectric generator.Thermo-electric generation needs efficient heat source, thermoelectric device, heat-insulating material, scattering material, electricity
Extremely etc..And the heat source with stability and high efficiency, temperature difference with higher are to obtain one of continual and steady an important factor for generating electricity.
However, in the prior art, solar absorption end (hot end) usually metal material or ceramic material is made, and use is this
It is high to have that sunlight reflection height or heat reflect although good heat conduction effect for the solar absorption end of material preparation.This
Invention uses novel nano Carbon Materials, using its excellent heating conduction, while by handling its structure, realizes the sun
The high-selenium corn of light and its heat is made to solve the bottleneck for being carried out the low efficiency that thermo-electric generation is faced using space sunlight
Sunlight thermo-electric generation engineering application in space becomes a reality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on advanced grapheme materials, prepare graphene-structured gradual change coating or porous graphite ene coatings knot
Structure realizes the high-selenium corn to sunlight heat by the multiple reflections by sunlight inside graphene.Meanwhile utilizing graphene
Highly thermally conductive property and electric conductivity, (cold) end of heat as thermo-electric generation and electrode.
Goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of space solar radiation electricity generation material structure, including graphene applies
Layer, the surface of graphite ene coatings and the internal material by being soluble in solvent or volatile material form porous structure, porous
The coating of structure obtains different solar radiation refractive index.
Further, the porosity of graphite ene coatings reaches 50%-70%.
Further, graphite ene coatings are preforming, pass through the graphene of purifying and the material, easily for being soluble in solvent
The material of volatilization or the mixture of easy firing material are scratched, are sprayed, spreading or the technologies such as 3D printing are coated on substrate and are formed.
Wherein, graphite ene coatings are preforming, by purifying graphene piece and readily soluble material, volatile material or inflammable
Material compression moulding in such a way that percentage gradually changes is burnt, keeps the graphene content of one end high, the graphene of the other end contains
Measure it is low, by be more than volatilization or ignition temperature at a temperature of or solvent in, remove material and form hole, porosity is in stone
It is gradually changed in black alkene thin layer.
Wherein, the porosity on surface is greater than internal porosity.
Further, the material, volatile material or easy firing material for being soluble in solvent are paraffin, polyurethane foam etc.
Organic material.
Wherein, the weight ratio of graphene and the material or volatile material that are soluble in solvent is 1:1-50:1.
A kind of space preparation method of solar radiation electricity generation material structure, includes the following steps:
1) purifying graphene piece and the material, volatile material or easy firing material of solvent will be soluble according to 1:1-
50:1 ratio gradually changes mixing, and compression moulding；
2) go mixing material using modes such as high-temperature fusion, burnings according to the property of the material mixed with graphene film
It removes, forms hole configurations inside tabletting.
Wherein, hole ratio is gradually changed with the thickness of tabletting.
Wherein, melting can be melting in the medium, as paraffin will melt in 60 DEG C or so of water and analyse
Out.
Wherein, it burns or calcines, the tabletting of graphene and the mixture of organic material is put into 200-1000 DEG C of height
Warm furnace, organic material, which burns, to be discharged.
It is a kind of with the above-mentioned space power generating device of solar radiation electricity generation material structure, including the p-type being set side by side and N
The PN junction that the two distinct types of thermoelectric material of type is formed, two sides form heat insulation layer, in p-type and N-type thermoelectric material in face of sky
Between cold black background opaco on form graphene cold end, which is characterized in that face sun spoke in p-type and N-type thermoelectric material
Above-mentioned space solar radiation electricity generation material structure is formed on the sunny slope penetrated.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the etching to graphene coating surface, to make its surface and internal shape
At hole configurations, so that photon is absorbed after impinging perpendicularly on graphene coating surface by multiple reflections.Utilize graphene
Good absorption to the light of visible light and infrared band itself, can reach the absorption of 100% pair of sunlight heat.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for carrying out thermo-electric generation using solar radiation in the prior art；
Fig. 2 a is the porous structure in solar radiation electricity generation material structure in space of the invention before graphene coating treatment
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 ba is the porous structure in solar radiation electricity generation material structure in space of the invention after graphene coating treatment
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the refraction of the graphene coated porous structure stone in solar radiation electricity generation material structure in space of the invention
Rate changes schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of power generating device of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Space of the invention is further described with solar radiation electricity generation material structure with reference to the accompanying drawing, the explanation
It is only exemplary, it is no intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Space of the invention solar radiation electricity generation material structure, graphite ene coatings including graphene substrate and thereon,
Graphene coating surface passes through etching processing, forms the different porous structure of surface roughness.
Show that space of the invention graphite ene coatings in solar radiation electricity generation material structure are carved referring specifically to Fig. 2, Fig. 2
Porous structure schematic diagram before erosion.
Purifying graphene piece and mixing material are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1-50:1, successively sprays, scratch or spreads
Hot end, with the increase of thickness, the content of graphene film is gradually decreased.Total thickness is between 0.5-5mm.Later, using molten
The modes such as melt or burn, mixture is precipitated or burning volatilization, obtains the graphene-structured that there is hole ratio to gradually change.
Embodiment one
The graphene film of purifying is mixed with micron order paraffin particles, obtains weight ratio in the mixing of 50:1-1:1
Object, and successively spread according to the descending sequence of weight ratio onto hot end material, it is made in the way of mechanical-physical forging and stamping
Fig. 2 a is shown in tabletting.Later, tabletting is put into 70-100 DEG C of high-temperature water, melted paraffin wax is precipitated, graphene film is dried in the air naturally
It is dry, it can be obtained the porous graphene piece that hole ratio gradually changes, see Fig. 2 b, can be obtained the graphene that refractive index gradually changes
Structure is shown in Fig. 3.Using porous graphene piece as hot end, using graphite ene coatings as cold end, respectively partly with P-type semiconductor and N-type
Conductor connection, prevents thermal losses with heat-insulating material around, can be obtained temperature difference electricity generation device, such as Fig. 4.By the device,
Using the superior thermal conductivity of graphene, sunlight heat is on the one hand allow quickly to be transmitted to thermoelectric power generation device hot end, another party
Face, can be by the heat Quick diffusing of cold end into cold darkness environment；Meanwhile the porous structure can approach sunlight heat
100% absorption, so as to so that the generating efficiency of temperature difference electricity generation device can achieve 90% or more in the ideal situation.
Embodiment two
The graphene film of purifying is mixed with acrylic resin, obtains weight ratio in the mixture of 50:1-1:1, and
It is successively scratched according to the descending sequence of weight ratio onto hot end material, and naturally dry.Later, by the graphene after drying
Gradual change coating is put into 400 DEG C or more of calcining furnace and calcines, and acrylic resin burning is precipitated, can be obtained hole ratio and gradually become
The porous graphene piece of change.Using porous graphene piece as hot end, using graphite ene coatings as cold end, respectively with P-type semiconductor
It is connected with N-type semiconductor, prevents thermal losses with heat-insulating material around, can be obtained temperature difference electricity generation device, such as Fig. 4.With real
Example one is applied, using the superior thermal conductivity of graphene, sunlight heat is on the one hand allow quickly to be transmitted to thermoelectric power generation device hot end,
It on the other hand, can be by the heat Quick diffusing of cold end into cold darkness environment；Meanwhile the porous structure can connect sunlight heat
Nearly 100% absorption, so as to so that the generating efficiency of temperature difference electricity generation device can achieve 90% or more in the ideal situation.
Although the detailed description and description of the specific embodiments of the present invention are given above, it should be noted that
We can carry out various equivalent changes and modification to above embodiment according to the concept of the present invention, and generated function is made
It, should all be within protection scope of the present invention when with the spirit still covered without departing from specification and attached drawing.
Claims (9)
1. space solar radiation electricity generation material structure, including graphite ene coatings, the surface and inside of graphite ene coatings pass through easy
The material, volatile material or incendive material for being dissolved in solvent form porous structure, and the coating of porous structure obtains different
Solar radiation refractive index, wherein graphite ene coatings are preforming, by purifying graphene piece and readily soluble material, volatile
The compression moulding in such a way that percentage gradually changes of material or easy firing material keeps the graphene content of one end high, the other end
Graphene content it is low, by be more than volatilization or ignition temperature at a temperature of or solvent in, remove material and form hole,
Porosity gradually changes in graphene thin layer.
2. space as described in claim 1 solar radiation electricity generation material structure, wherein the porosity of graphite ene coatings reaches
50%-70%。
3. space as described in claim 1 solar radiation electricity generation material structure, wherein the porosity on surface is greater than internal
Porosity.
4. space as described in claim 1 solar radiation electricity generation material structure, wherein be soluble in material, the Yi Hui of solvent
The material or easy firing material of hair are the organic material of paraffin or polyurethane foam.
5. space as described in claim 1 solar radiation electricity generation material structure, wherein graphene and the material for being soluble in solvent
The weight ratio of material or volatile material is 1:1-50:1.
6. the space preparation method of solar radiation electricity generation material structure, includes the following steps:
1) purifying graphene piece and the material, volatile material or easy firing material of solvent will be soluble according to 1:1-50:1 ratio
Example gradually changes mixing, and compression moulding；
2) remove mixing material by the way of high-temperature fusion or burning according to the property of the material mixed with graphene film,
Hole configurations is formed inside tabletting, hole ratio is gradually changed with the thickness of tabletting.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein melting is melting in the medium.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein burning is that the tabletting of the mixture by graphene and organic material is put into
200-1000 DEG C of high temperature furnace, organic material, which burns, to be discharged.
9. the power generating device with any one of claim 1-5 space solar radiation electricity generation material structure, including it is arranged side by side
The PN junction that the two distinct types of thermoelectric material of the p-type and N-type of setting is formed, two sides form heat insulation layer, in p-type and N-type thermoelectricity
Material forms graphene cold end on the opaco of space cold black background, which is characterized in that in p-type and N-type thermoelectric material
Above-mentioned space solar radiation electricity generation material structure is formed on the sunny slope of solar radiation.
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| CN101941693A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Graphene aerogel and preparation method thereof |
| JP2012033685A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Panasonic Corp | Manufacturing method for pipe-like thermal power generation device and manufacturing method for laminate thereof |
| CN102583339A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for preparing graphene from three-dimensional porous carbon material and three-dimensional porous graphene |
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| JP2012033685A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Panasonic Corp | Manufacturing method for pipe-like thermal power generation device and manufacturing method for laminate thereof |
| CN101941693A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Graphene aerogel and preparation method thereof |
| CN102583339A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for preparing graphene from three-dimensional porous carbon material and three-dimensional porous graphene |
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