CN106683092B - Device and method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The device, the system and the method for measuring and calculating the crown canopy density of the blueberries comprise the following steps: acquiring a fish eye photo, and simultaneously recording the value of a sensor of the intelligent equipment; rotating the picture according to the sensor value recorded during photographing; removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image, and extracting a crown picture; dividing the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background; deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification; dividing the fish-eye picture into sector sections in multiple directions; and calculating the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification pattern spots in the sector interval to the pixel number in the sector interval, namely the canopy density of the sector interval. The blueberry crown canopy density judging method and device can judge whether the blueberry crown canopy density is high or low or not and whether the blueberry crown canopy density is reasonable or not, and the tree shape is scientifically trimmed according to the height, so that the blueberry crown canopy density judging method and device have important significance for improving the fine management level of blueberries and realizing high quality and high yield of the blueberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a device, a system and a method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries.
Background
The tree crown is an important place for the photosynthesis of the tree and plays an important role in the vitality and the productivity of the tree. The canopy density is one of important parameters for describing the structure of the tree crown, and the canopy density is shown, so that the concept is widely applied to the fields of forest stand quality evaluation, forest landscape, illumination in the forest, forest crown diversity, wild animal and plant habitat, forest management and the like. The blueberry is selected from shrub and Hippocampus belonging to Vaccinium of Ericaceae. The reasonable pruning of the blueberry tree form can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, promote the growth and development of buds, flowers and fruits, reduce the fruit drop rate and obviously improve the yield and the quality of the blueberries. The measurement and calculation of the degree of canopy closure are beneficial to understanding the degree of canopy closure of branches and leaves of the blueberry crown and differences of branches and leaves in different directions, and can further analyze the light transmittance and the illumination environment inside the crown, thereby providing scientific guidance for trimming blueberry plants and ensuring high quality and high yield.
The determination of the degree of canopy is not only a traditional method, but also a high and new technical means. In forestry production practice, visual measurement, line sampling, head raising and the like are mostly adopted for measuring the canopy density. In the field of scientific research, commonly used methods include a crown projection method, a Moosehom visualizer method, a spherical densitometer method, a canopy analyzer method, and the like. With the rapid development of the 3S technology, the method is well applied and developed in the estimation of the forest canopy density on a large scale. In recent years, the digital fish-eye image technology is widely applied to the measurement of the canopy density, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and the like, but the photo processing is more complicated.
For a common blueberry grower, the current method for measuring crown canopy density has several problems: (1) the accuracy of a visual inspection method, a head raising inspection method and the like is low, the requirement of tree pruning cannot be met, and the method is not suitable for the small shrub blueberry tree species; (2) the instrument measurement methods such as a canopy instrument and the like have high cost and high technical content and can only be used by professionals; (3) the 3S technology is used for measuring the canopy density for a large-scale forest land and needs higher computer image analysis skills; (4) digital cameras and fisheye lens methods are cumbersome to operate and the photo processing is more complex; (5) the parameters such as the canopy closure degree calculated by the various methods can only be understood by professionals, but blueberry growers cannot understand the parameters and cannot judge whether the parameters are good or not. In production practice, in order to scientifically trim and shape blueberries, a system and a method for measuring crown canopy density, which are low in cost, simple and easy to use and available for most common blueberry growers, are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is suitable for common blueberry growers, and the tree crown canopy density measuring system is low in cost and convenient to carry, and the method is high in accuracy, simple and convenient to operate and available in fruiting. According to the measurement result of the method, a grower can judge whether the crown canopy density of the blueberries is high or low and whether the crown canopy density is reasonable or not, and the tree shapes are scientifically pruned, so that the method has important significance for improving the fine management level of the blueberries and realizing high quality and high yield of the blueberries.
In a first aspect, the application provides a device for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, comprising: the system comprises intelligent equipment with a camera, a selfie stick and a fisheye lens; upwards press from both sides the smart machine back on from rapping bar, the smart machine with from adopting the bluetooth to be connected between the rapping bar, the fisheye lens presss from both sides on the camera at the smart machine back, from rapping bar according to the needs adjustment self length of shooing.
In a second aspect, the application provides a system for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, comprising:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a fish-eye photo and simultaneously recording the value of the intelligent device sensor;
the image rotation module is used for describing the rotation state of the intelligent equipment by using X, Y, Z parameters, wherein X represents the azimuth angle of horizontal rotation of the intelligent equipment, and the picture is rotated according to the X value recorded during photographing;
the image preprocessing module is used for removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image and extracting a crown picture;
the fisheye image segmentation module selects a combined operator R-G-B as a characteristic quantity to perform algebraic operation, takes the obtained gray image as input, performs threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method, and divides the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background;
the elimination module is used for deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification;
the interval division module is used for dividing the fisheye picture into fan-shaped intervals in multiple directions;
the canopy density calculating module is used for segmenting the crown classification images according to the fan-shaped partitions in different directions and counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification image spots in each fan-shaped interval; the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification pattern spots in the sector interval to the pixel number in the sector interval is the occlusion degree of the sector interval.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a database comparison module which compares the actually measured multiple directional canopy closure degrees with the values stored in the database one by one, and then obtains the canopy closure degree conditions in different directions.
Further, the section dividing module divides the fisheye picture into 8-direction sector sections, and each sector angle is 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the module for calculating the degree of gloomy draws 8 bar graphs along 8 directions, the length of each bar graph represents the degree of gloomy in the direction, and a scale for percentage of gloomy is drawn on the graph.
In a third aspect, the application provides a method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a fish-eye photo and recording the value of the intelligent device sensor;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the quality of fish-eye photos is affected by the sunlight irradiation, and the calculation accuracy of the degree of canopy is reduced, so that the photos should be taken under the condition of no sunlight irradiation. When the intelligent equipment is in a horizontal state, vibration and sound prompt are carried out, a shooting key of the selfie stick is pressed at the moment to obtain a fisheye picture, and meanwhile, the numerical value of the direction sensor of the intelligent equipment is recorded; after taking the picture, the fish-eye picture should be checked, and if the picture quality is not good or contains irrelevant objects, the picture needs to be taken again. The orientation of the intelligent equipment does not need to be selected during shooting, and the picture is automatically rotated according to the parameters of the orientation sensor during shooting in the later stage A;
s2, rotating the picture according to the sensor value recorded during photographing;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the direction sensor describes the rotation state of the intelligent device by using X, Y, Z three parameters, wherein X represents the azimuth angle of the horizontal rotation of the mobile phone, and the parameter value is in degree. According to the X value recorded during photographing, the photo is rotated clockwise, and the directions of the photo are north, south, left, west and right, so that the habit of viewing pictures by a user at ordinary times is met.
S3, removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image, and extracting a crown picture;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: applying an image deleting tool to remove the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image; and extracting the round crown picture, and removing irrelevant backgrounds except the round picture.
S4, dividing the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the obtained fisheye image is in an RGB color mode, R represents a red channel of the image, G is a green channel, and B is a blue channel. And selecting the combined operator R-G-B as the characteristic quantity to perform algebraic operation, wherein the R-G-B gray value of the raspberry crown in the result image is obviously different from the gray value of the background, and the gray distribution is basically in bimodal distribution. And taking the obtained gray level image as input, and performing threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method to divide the crown image into two classes, namely branches and leaves and a background.
S5, deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: in the blueberry crown classification image, the main branches of the plants occupy a certain proportion of area, and the canopy density measurement result is directly influenced. And selecting an erasing tool according to the RGB image before classification, and deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image, thereby improving the calculation precision.
S6, dividing the fish-eye picture into a plurality of fan-shaped intervals in multiple directions;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: in order to analyze the canopy density of the crown in different directions conveniently, the crown needs to be divided into different directional intervals, and the canopy density is calculated respectively. The center of the picture is taken as the center of a circle, the circular fisheye picture is divided into sector intervals in 8 directions, and each sector angle is 45 degrees. The north is 0 degree, the east is 90 degrees, the south is 180 degrees, and the west is 270 degrees, so the method is specifically divided into a north sector 337.5-22.5 degrees, a northeast sector 22.5-67.5 degrees, an east sector 67.5-112.5 degrees, a southeast sector 112.5-157.5 degrees, a south sector 157.5-202.5 degrees, a southwest sector 202.5-247.5 degrees, a west sector 247.5-292.5 degrees and a northwest sector 292.5-337.5 degrees.
S7, segmenting the crown classification images according to the fan-shaped partitions in different directions, and counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification patches in each fan-shaped interval;
s8, calculating the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification patches in the sector section to the pixel number of the sector section, namely the occlusion degree of the sector section.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out statistical calculation on the 8 intervals one by one, wherein the result is the canopy density of the crown in 8 directions. The color fisheye image is used as a base map, a polar coordinate bar graph is drawn on the base map, 8 bar graphs are drawn along 8 directions, the length of each bar graph represents the size of the canopy density in the direction, a percentage scale of the canopy density is drawn on the base map, and the image display is visual and clear. The specific values of 8 directional canopy intensities are shown below the bar graph as a reference for data for in-depth understanding.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and S9, comparing the actually measured multiple direction canopy density with the data stored in the database one by one, and further obtaining the canopy density conditions in different directions.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: since the grower cannot judge whether the canopy density obtained in step S8 is reasonable, an expert experience database constructed in the early stage is required as a reference standard. The method comprises the steps of confirming a currently measured blueberry variety, selecting an expert experience database of the blueberry variety, comparing the 8-direction canopy closure degrees obtained through actual measurement with values stored in the database one by one, and enabling the blueberry variety to be higher than the experience database in positioning, proper in consistent positioning and lower than the database in positioning. The results of the comparison are shown as polar bar graphs, 8 directional bar graphs represent the measured values of the directional canopy density, the color of the bar graphs represents the results of the comparison with the experience base, higher is represented by red, preferably green, and lower is represented by yellow. The grower can clearly see whether the canopy density of the blueberries in different directions is good or poor, and scientific basis is provided for tree pruning.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: directly aiming at a blueberry production practitioner, the calculation result is intuitive and clear and is easy to be understood by a grower; the hardware is convenient to purchase, low in cost and convenient to carry; the method is simple and convenient to operate, high in accuracy and available in result. The measurement result can judge whether the crown canopy density of the blueberries is reasonable or not, and guide scientific pruning, and the method has important significance for improving the fine management level of the blueberries and realizing high quality and high yield of the blueberries.
Drawings
The invention has the following figures 7:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring crown canopy density of blueberries;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring crown canopy density of blueberries in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a blueberry crown fisheye image taken in the example;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which 8 sectors are divided by directions;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the result of classifying crown fisheye images in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the calculation results of different directional degrees of canopy in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the comparison of measured canopy intensity with the expert experience database in the example.
The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a selfie stick; 2. an intelligent device; 3. fisheye lens.
Detailed Description
In order to deeply understand the device, the system and the method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, 7-year-old blueberries planted in the south Liaoning area are taken as an example, and the detailed description is given in combination with fig. 1 to 7.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a measure and calculate blueberry crown canopy density's device, includes: android mobile phones, selfie sticks and fisheye lenses; the method comprises the steps that the back face of an Android mobile phone is upwards clamped on a selfie stick, the Android mobile phone is connected with the selfie stick through Bluetooth, a fisheye lens is clamped on a camera on the back face of the Android mobile phone, and the length of the selfie stick is adjusted according to photographing needs.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a system for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, including:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a fish-eye photo and simultaneously recording the value of the intelligent device sensor;
the image rotation module is used for describing the rotation state of the intelligent equipment by using X, Y, Z parameters, wherein X represents the azimuth angle of horizontal rotation of the intelligent equipment, and the picture is rotated according to the X value recorded during photographing;
the image preprocessing module is used for removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image and extracting a crown picture;
the fisheye image segmentation module selects a combined operator R-G-B as a characteristic quantity to perform algebraic operation, takes the obtained gray image as input, performs threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method, and divides the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background;
the elimination module is used for deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification;
the interval division module divides the fisheye picture into sector intervals in 8 directions, and each sector angle is 45 degrees;
the canopy density calculating module is used for segmenting the crown classification images according to the fan-shaped partitions in different directions and counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification image spots in each fan-shaped interval; the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification pattern spots in the sector interval to the pixel number in the sector interval is the canopy density of the sector interval; the calculation gloomy degree module draws 8 bar graphs along 8 directions, the length of each bar graph represents the gloomy degree of the direction, and a percentage scale of the gloomy degree is drawn on the graph;
and the database comparison module is used for comparing the actually measured multi-direction canopy closure degrees with the values stored in the database one by one so as to obtain the canopy closure degree conditions in different directions. According to different blueberry varieties, blueberry plants with high yield, good quality and reasonable tree form pruning are selected from the blueberry database in experimental bases and blueberry plantation of cooperation units all over the country, and 8 directional canopy closure degrees of the crown in the north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest are measured and stored as an expert experience database, so that a basis is provided for judging whether the canopy closure degree calculated in real time in the later period is reasonable.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a 180 ° full fisheye image: the method comprises the steps of selecting the morning before the sun comes out, enabling a fisheye lens to face upwards, bending over and holding a selfie stick handle machine to stretch into a certain height position inside a blueberry crown, adjusting a mobile phone to enable the mobile phone to tend to be horizontal, pressing a selfie stick shooting key to obtain a fisheye picture when the mobile phone prompts with vibration and sound, and recording the numerical value of a mobile phone direction sensor. After shooting, the fish-eye photos should be checked to ensure the quality of the photos to be qualified.
S2, rotate image: according to the azimuth value of the direction sensor when the picture is taken, the picture is rotated clockwise, and the picture is in the upper north, the lower south, the left west and the right east, so that the habit of a user for looking at the map is met.
S3, image preprocessing: carrying out color correction and impurity color removal treatment; and (4) applying an image deleting tool to remove the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other forest trees in the fisheye image.
S4, fish-eye image segmentation: and selecting the combined operator R-G-B as the characteristic quantity to perform algebraic operation, wherein the R-G-B gray value of the raspberry crown in the result image is obviously different from the gray value of the background, and the gray distribution is basically in bimodal distribution. And taking the obtained gray level image as input, and performing threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method to divide the crown image into two classes, namely branches and leaves and a background.
S5, removing the main information in the image: referring to the RGB images before classification, selecting an erasing tool, and extracting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result images, so that the calculation precision is improved;
s6, dividing the space according to the direction: in order to analyze the canopy density of the crown in different directions conveniently, the crown needs to be divided into different directional intervals, and the canopy density is calculated respectively. The 180-degree circular photo is divided into 8-direction sector intervals by taking the center of the photo as the center of a circle, and each sector angle is 45 degrees. The north is 0 degree, the east is 90 degrees, the south is 180 degrees, and the west is 270 degrees, so the method is specifically divided into a north sector 337.5-22.5 degrees, a northeast sector 22.5-67.5 degrees, an east sector 67.5-112.5 degrees, a southeast sector 112.5-157.5 degrees, a south sector 157.5-202.5 degrees, a southwest sector 202.5-247.5 degrees, a west sector 247.5-292.5 degrees and a northwest sector 292.5-337.5 degrees.
S7, calculating the degree of closure according to the direction: dividing the crown classification image by 8 sector partitions in different directions, counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification image spots in each sector interval, wherein the ratio of the obtained pixel number to the pixel number in the sector interval is the canopy density of the sector interval and is expressed by percentage. And (4) carrying out statistical calculation on the 8 intervals one by one, wherein the result is the canopy density of the crown in 8 directions. The color fisheye image is used as a base map, a polar coordinate bar graph is drawn on the base map, 8 bar graphs are drawn along 8 directions, the length of each bar graph represents the size of the canopy density in the direction, a percentage scale of the canopy density is drawn on the base map, and the image display is visual and clear. The specific values of 8 directional canopy intensities are shown below the bar chart as a reference basis for further understanding.
And S8, comparing the calculation result with an expert experience database: and (3) confirming the currently measured blueberry variety, selecting an expert experience database of the blueberry variety, comparing the actually measured 8-direction canopy density with the database one by one, wherein the positioning is higher than that of the experience database, the consistent positioning is proper, and the positioning is lower than that of the database. The results of the comparison are shown as polar bar graphs, 8 directional bar graphs represent the measured values of the directional canopy density, the color of the bar graphs represents the results of the comparison with the experience base, higher is represented by red, preferably green, and lower is represented by yellow. The grower can clearly see whether the canopy density of the blueberries in different directions is good or poor at a glance, and reference is provided for tree pruning.
In a blueberry planting base of university of Dalian university, 12 7-year-old blueberry varieties are selected, 5 trees of each variety are subjected to a canopy density experiment, and a LAI-2200C plant canopy analyzer is used for comparison and verification, so that the result proves that the method is high in accuracy, high in stability and feasible, and the precision can reach more than 95%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Device of measuring and calculating blueberry crown canopy density, its characterized in that includes: the system comprises intelligent equipment with a camera, a selfie stick and a fisheye lens; the method comprises the following steps that the back surface of an intelligent device is clamped on a selfie stick upwards, the intelligent device is connected with the selfie stick through Bluetooth, a fisheye lens is clamped on a camera on the back surface of the intelligent device, and the length of the selfie stick is adjusted according to photographing needs;
the intelligent device comprises the following modules:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a fish-eye photo and simultaneously recording the value of the intelligent device sensor;
the image rotation module is used for describing the rotation state of the intelligent equipment by using X, Y, Z parameters, wherein X represents the azimuth angle of horizontal rotation of the intelligent equipment, and the picture is rotated according to the X value recorded during photographing;
the image preprocessing module is used for removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image and extracting a crown picture;
the fisheye image segmentation module selects a combined operator R-G-B as a characteristic quantity to perform algebraic operation, takes the obtained gray image as input, performs threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method, and divides the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background;
the elimination module is used for deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification;
the interval division module is used for dividing the fisheye picture into fan-shaped intervals in multiple directions;
the canopy density calculating module is used for segmenting the crown classification images according to the fan-shaped partitions in different directions and counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification image spots in each fan-shaped interval; the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification pattern spots in the sector interval to the pixel number in the sector interval is the canopy density of the sector interval;
and the database comparison module is used for comparing the actually measured multi-direction canopy closure degrees with the values stored in the database one by one so as to obtain the canopy closure degree conditions in different directions.
2. The device for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the interval division module divides the fish-eye photos into 8-direction sector intervals, and each sector angle is 45 degrees.
3. The device for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries according to claim 2, wherein the module for calculating canopy density draws 8 bar graphs along 8 directions, each bar graph length represents the canopy density in the direction, and a percentage scale of canopy density is drawn on the graph.
4. A method for using the device for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a fish-eye photo and recording the value of the intelligent device sensor;
s2, rotating the picture according to the sensor value recorded during photographing;
s3, removing the images of the ground, the weeds under the blueberry trees and other trees in the fisheye image, and extracting a crown picture;
s4, performing algebraic operation by using a combined operator R-G-B as a characteristic quantity, taking the obtained gray image as input, performing threshold segmentation by using an Otsu maximum inter-class variance method, and dividing the crown image into two categories of branches and leaves and a background;
s5, deleting the main branch image spots from the crown classification result image by referring to the image before classification;
s6, dividing the fish-eye picture into a plurality of fan-shaped intervals in multiple directions;
s7, segmenting the crown classification images according to the fan-shaped partitions in different directions, and counting the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification patches in each fan-shaped interval;
s8, calculating the ratio of the total pixel number of the branch and leaf classification patches in the sector section to the pixel number of the sector section, namely the occlusion degree of the sector section.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
and S9, comparing the measured multiple directional canopy density with the data stored in the database one by one, and further obtaining whether the canopy density in different directions is reasonable.
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