A kind of preparation method and masterbatch of graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Technical field
The disclosure of invention is related to graphene/polymer composite material technical field, in particular to and a kind of graphene/
The preparation method and masterbatch of PVC composite material masterbatch.
Background technique
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the second largest synthetic plastic in the world, is had been widely used in every field.However
Since the disadvantages of polyvinyl chloride impact strength is low, thermal stability is poor, limits its application to a certain extent.Therefore, polyvinyl chloride
Modification cause the concern of researcher.With the development of nanotechnology and material preparation technology, PVC study on the modification is achieved newly
Progress.Nano material is introduced into PVC study on the modification, modified polyvinyl chloride resin has excellent toughness, processing flowing simultaneously
The excellent performances such as property, dimensional stability, thermal stability, there is wide application prospect in many fields.Graphene is monolayer carbon
Atomic layer is current optimal two-dimension nano materials.The most strong most hard material that graphene is still generally acknowledged at present simultaneously, also has
There are excellent calorifics, mechanics, optics, performance.Therefore, graphene is the nano-filled modified material of ideal PVC.By graphene with
PVC is compound, can form network associative structure, and then mentions mechanical property, thermal stability and the electric conductivity of PVC, and then improves PVC
Application field and added value.
Nano material is the dispersion of nano material as the technological difficulties of additive agent modified PVC, and graphene/PVC is compound
The preparation of material will solve the caused agglomeration traits in PVC dispersion process of graphene sheet layer caused by Van der Waals force first.Mesh
Preceding existing Chinese patent application CN201210319397.1, CN201410068559.8, CN201410068558.3 etc. are using poly-
The method of conjunction directly prepares graphene/PVC composite material, but due to graphene be it is laminar structured, lamella size without
Method accurately controls, and modified graphene surface group can not accomplish the reasons such as homogeneity, and polymerization production process is difficult to control, and
The degree of polymerization, the homogeneity of product, the unstable quality of product of PVC.Chinese patent application CN20141009696 0.2,
CN201510354977.X, CN201510590885.X etc. are directly mixed with PVC powder using Graphene powder or modified graphene powder
The method closed or be kneaded prepares graphene/PVC high molecular material.Graphene powder is changed with polyvinyl chloride resin powder using ball milling, addition
Although can be uniformly mixed under the conditions of property agent, dispersing agent etc., graphene itself cannot be completely dispersed.Graphene is in kneading machine
High temperature, shearing the effects of under without dispersibility well, and to more readily promote graphene sheet layer straight for the condition of high temperature, shearing
Reunion is connect, dispersion is bad, cannot give full play to effect of the graphene in PVC composite material.
Summary of the invention
For current graphene be applied to disperse in PVC material it is bad, can not continuous production, unstable product quality ask
Topic, the present invention provides masterbatch prepared by a kind of graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch preparation method and this method.
Graphene provided by the invention/PVC composite material has the characteristics that graphene is uniformly dispersed in masterbatch with masterbatch, solves stone
The problem of graphene reunites and is unable to fully dispersion when black alkene is applied to polymer composite.This method is in advance graphene point
It is dispersed in PVC, during mixing, being kneaded, due to the barrier action of PVC, graphene will not reunite again, have production work
Skill is simple, is easy to control, and can large-scale continuous production the characteristics of.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Preparation method, specific technical solution are as follows:
A kind of preparation method of graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch, solvent is added in graphene, and is dispersed, and obtains
First mixed liquor;Solvent is added in PVC, dissolves PVC, obtains the second mixed liquor;It is dried after the mixed liquor mixing of first two steps.
Compared with prior art, the present invention disperses graphene under liquid-phase condition, and PVC also uses solvent molten
Solution, and be compounded under two kinds of mixed liquor liquid phase states, the reunion of graphene is avoided, ensure that being uniformly dispersed for graphene.
A kind of preparation method of graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) consisting of part, 0.1-30 parts of graphenes are weighed in parts by weight;0-30 parts of carbon nanotubes;0-30 parts of carbon
Fiber;0-30 parts of carbon blacks;
(2) solvent is added in the weighed material of step (1), carries out high speed dispersion under ultrasonic wave effect, jitter time is
0.5-12 hours;Material total amount and the weight ratio of solvent for use in step (2) are 1:1-1:100 in step (1);
(3) 40-90 parts of PVC are weighed to be added in closed stirring container, while solvent is added, regulating temperature makes PVC
It is completely dissolved, 10 DEG C -120 DEG C of temperature;The weight ratio of PVC and solvent used are 1:1-1:50 in step (3);
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is added in closed stirring container, is sufficiently mixed, described two materials
The uniformly mixed time is 5min-6h;
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is dried, obtained one kind is adapted to graphene/PVC composite material
Masterbatch.
It is further preferably: solvent include cyclohexanone, dichloroethanes, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, carbon disulfide, benzene, ketone,
The one or more of dimethylformamide, chloroform.
Further preferred: the equipment of step (2) uses the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar.
Further preferred: step (3) and the equipment of (4) use closed agitator tank.
Further preferred: step (5) is dry to use closed cycle spray drying equipment, and intake air temperature is 60-180
DEG C, air outlet temperature is 30-100 DEG C.
Further preferred: closed cycle spray drying equipment described in step (5) can recycle solvent used, and
Institute's recovered solvent may be reused.
Further preferred: closed cycle spray drying equipment spray drying tower intake air temperature described in step (5) is
60-160℃。
Graphene/PVC composite material the masterbatch prepared using the above method, the masterbatch includes the group of following parts by weight
Point:
40-90 parts of PVC;
0.1-30 parts of graphenes.
0-30 parts of carbon nanotubes;
0-30 parts of carbon fibers;
0-30 parts of carbon blacks.
In order to reduce cost, the present invention also added carbon nanotube, carbon fiber other than graphene is added in masterbatch
Component difference is added in dimension, carbon black, and composite material machinery performance, electric conductivity and the heating conduction that masterbatch is applied are different.
Traditional polymer composite molding is substantially that modes, the graphenes such as mixing, mixing, extruding pelletization belong to lamella
The material of structure can be such that lamella is squeezed in mixing process, be easy to reunite, and dispersion, which is the largest, when graphene is applied asks
Topic;Carbon fiber and carbon nanotube itself be it is linear be not easy to disperse, depend merely on mixing and be also unable to fully disperse.
Only in the case where addition carbon black, carbon black is nutty structure, composite material poor with the binding force of PVC material
Mechanical performance, processability are poor, however the carbon nanotube and/or carbon fiber of linear structure are added in the present invention, and be added
After the graphene of laminated structure, the carbon material of different structure is combined respectively with PVC, improves binding force, improves drawing
Stretch the mechanical performances such as rate, flexural strength, impact strength;And interior friction of the composite material in forming process can reduce, stream
Denaturation can improve, and improve processing performance.
Masterbatch of the invention is easily worked, and mechanical performance obtains huge raising, can expand the neck that PVC material uses
Domain.It is exactly the dispersion that can solve four kinds of materials in high molecular material that the present invention, which prepares the most prominent feature of material, and can be with
Content of four kinds of materials in high molecular material is improved, as a kind of masterbatch, is carried out with PVC powder body or other high molecular material
The various processing such as mixing, extrusion, injection molding.
It is further preferred comprising following components in percentage by weight:
50-90 parts of PVC;
0.1-25 parts of graphenes;
0.1-15 parts of carbon nanotubes;
0.1-15 parts of carbon fibers;
0.1-25 parts of carbon blacks;
The invention has the benefit that
1. graphene can be fully dispersed in high molecular material in masterbatch prepared by the present invention, it is added in PVC product
It can effectively improve the performance of PVC product.
2. masterbatch prepared by the present invention can adjust the ratio of each component in masterbatch according to actual needs, it can reach different
Using effect, antistatic material, Heat Conduction Material, high-performance composite materials can be prepared into according to the purposes of PVC material.
1) mechanical performance improves
Carbon nanotube has the characteristics that low-density, high length-diameter ratio and high-specific surface area, and draw ratio makes greatly carbon nanotube
Load with high molecular material, which is transmitted, to be maximized, the final purpose realizing mechanical property and improving.Form graphene carbon atom it
Between bond energy it is big, and have flexibility, the intensity of graphene itself is very high, belongs to rigid particles, can hinder macromolecule material
The extension or passivation of crackle in material terminate crackle.For PVC polymer, since hydrogen bond action and macromolecule are in the graphite of fold
Alkene surface machinery interlock action hinders high molecular migration, and the mechanical performance of composite material improves even more obvious.After combination
Composite material being become apparent from than what single materials'use mechanical performance improved, rigid, toughness, caliber is more total than big material
With compound, the compound mechanism complexity with high molecular material, the comprehensive performance of compound rear material improves bigger.In macromolecule/graphite
In the case where being acted on by impact stress, graphene helps to cause the shear yielding of material alkene matrices of composite material, and wherein deposits
Carbon nanotube, carbon fiber etc. there are fentos, microcellular structure, can absorb a large amount of impact energy, improve shock resistance.
2) electric conductivity improves
Carbon material needs to reach a certain amount for conductive or antistatic material, can just generate Percolation Threshold Effect.Traditional is more
It is to directly adopt carbon black as additive, but carbon black materials itself belong to granular, to reach the amount of percolation threshold needs
Compare more, the amount mechanical performances and processing performance that will have a direct impact on material more.After multiple additives combination, graphene belongs to piece
The material of shape, carbon fiber and carbon nanotube belong to linear material, and electric conductivity is more preferable.It can make less amount of carbon black energy
Reach percolation threshold, and has the effect of raising simultaneously to other performance.
3) heat resistance improves
After multiple additives combination, heating conduction and the heat resistance tool of composite material improve.Graphene sheet
Body is the extraordinary material of heating conduction, increases the thermal diffusivity of basis material, can be uniformly dispersed out after local heating, avoid this hair
The dosage of bright adjustable graphene makes material become the good heat sink material of heating conduction.The four kinds of carbon material surfaces introduced are more
Less containing the group of part, the crosslinking of part can be generated with macromolecular chain, improves the heat resistance of material.And in the mistake of mixing
Cheng Zhong, introduce material surface have the defects that it is certain etc. due to, the crystallinity in PVC material is increased slightly, improve material
The heat resistance of material.
3. simple process used in the present invention can be carried out extension, serialization industrial production, and can stability contorting life
The quality of finished product.
4. used solvent can recycle reuse completely during the present invention prepares masterbatch, production cost is saved,
It is environmentally friendly pollution-free.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1
(1) masterbatch component part below, 30kg graphene are weighed by weight.
(2) step (1) weighed material is added in the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar, and at a high speed
Disperse that tetrahydrofuran 300kg is added in agitator tank, is stirred and ultrasonic disperse 6 hours.
(3) it weighs 150kgPVC powder to be added in closed agitator tank, while 1000kg tetrahydrofuran is added, adjust temperature
Degree is completely dissolved PVC for 46.5 DEG C.
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is pumped into the closed agitator tank of 2 cubic metres, is sufficiently mixed uniformly
1 hour.
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is pumped into confined conditions in closed cycle spray drying equipment, is adjusted
100 DEG C of intake air temperature, 55 DEG C of air outlet.The discharging of drying tower bottom, is made and is suitable for graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Powder particle.All solvents tetrahydrofuranes are recycled in the solvent recovery outlet of closed cycle machine, and may be reused.
Graphene weight content can achieve 16.67% in the masterbatch prepared in embodiment 1, and the masterbatch powder of preparation can be with
It is kneaded after being mixed with PVC powder, plasticiser, heat stabilizer, prepares the application such as plate, membrane material of antistatic class.Masterbatch
Itself has excellent conduction, thermal conductivity, and the performances such as its softening point, tensile strength, flexural strength have and significantly mention
It is high.
Embodiment 2
(1) masterbatch component part below, 5kg graphene, 10kg carbon nanotube, 10kg carbon fiber are weighed by weight.
(2) step (1) weighed material is added in the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar, and at a high speed
Disperse in agitator tank that the mixed liquor 200kg of dichloroethanes, chloroform, acetone is added, is stirred and ultrasonic disperse 4 hours.
(3) it weighs 150kgPVC powder to be added in closed agitator tank, while 800kg dichloroethanes, chloroform, third is added
The mixed liquor of ketone, adjusting temperature is completely dissolved PVC for 40 DEG C.
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is pumped into the closed agitator tank of 2 cubic metres, is sufficiently mixed uniformly
1 hour.
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is pumped into confined conditions in closed cycle spray drying equipment, is adjusted
100 DEG C of intake air temperature, 50 DEG C of air outlet.The discharging of drying tower bottom, is made and is suitable for graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Powder particle.All mixed solvents are recycled in the solvent recovery outlet of closed cycle machine, and may be reused.
Masterbatch prepared by embodiment 2 has excellent tensile resistance, flexural strength, and mechanical performance is excellent, dimension card softening
Point slightly improves, and electric conductivity is general.It is kneaded after being mixed according to ratio with PVC powder, plasticiser, heat stabilizer,
The demanding various tubing of processing machinery strength and toughness, profile etc..
Embodiment 3
(1) masterbatch component part below, 5kg graphene, 1kg carbon nanotube, 30kg carbon black are weighed by weight.
(2) step (1) weighed material is added in the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar, and at a high speed
Disperse in agitator tank that the mixed liquor 400kg of acetone, carbon disulfide is added, is stirred and ultrasonic disperse 4 hours.
(3) it weighs 150kgPVC powder to be added in closed agitator tank, while it is mixed that 900kg acetone, carbon disulfide is added
Liquid is closed, adjusting temperature is completely dissolved PVC for 45 DEG C.
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is pumped into the closed agitator tank of 2 cubic metres, is sufficiently mixed uniformly
0.5 hour.
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is pumped into confined conditions in closed cycle spray drying equipment, is adjusted
100 DEG C of intake air temperature, 40 DEG C of air outlet.The discharging of drying tower bottom, is made and is suitable for graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Powder particle.All mixed solvents are recycled in the solvent recovery outlet of closed cycle machine, and may be reused.
Masterbatch prepared by embodiment 3 has preferable electrical property, and mechanical performance is general, and Vicat softening point slightly improves.It can
To be kneaded after being mixed according to ratio with carbon black, PVC powder, plasticiser, heat stabilizer, prepare antistatic various plates,
Membrane material, tubing etc..
Embodiment 4
(1) masterbatch component part below, 15kg graphene oxide, 2kg carbon nanotube, 2kg carbon fiber are weighed by weight.
(2) step (1) weighed material is added in the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar, and at a high speed
Disperse in agitator tank that the mixed liquor 600kg of cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide is added, is stirred and ultrasonic disperse 3 hours.
(3) it weighs 150kgPVC powder to be added in closed agitator tank, while 1200kg cyclohexanone, acetone mixing is added
Liquid, adjusting temperature is completely dissolved PVC for 95 DEG C.
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is pumped into the closed agitator tank of 2 cubic metres, is sufficiently mixed uniformly
0.5 hour.
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is pumped into confined conditions in closed cycle spray drying equipment, is adjusted
180 DEG C of intake air temperature, 100 DEG C of air outlet.The discharging of drying tower bottom, is made and is suitable for graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Powder particle.All mixed solvents are recycled in the solvent recovery outlet of closed cycle machine, and may be reused.
Masterbatch prepared by embodiment 4 has preferable heating conduction, and insulation performance is fine, better mechanical property, and dimension card is soft
It is larger to change point raising, heat resistance and thermal stability raising are more.It can be according to ratio and nanometer aluminium powder/copper nanoparticle, PVC powder
It is kneaded after end, plasticiser, heat stabilizer mixing, prepares thermal conductivity, the good various devices of heat resistance.
Embodiment 5
(1) masterbatch component part below, 5kg graphene oxide, 5kg carbon black, 5kg carbon nanotube, 2kg are weighed by weight
Carbon fiber.
(2) step (1) weighed material is added in the high speed dispersion agitator tank with ultrasound wave vibrating bar, and at a high speed
Disperse in agitator tank that the mixed liquor 600kg of cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide is added, is stirred and ultrasonic disperse 3 hours.
(3) it weighs 160kgPVC powder to be added in closed agitator tank, while 1200kg cyclohexanone, acetone mixing is added
Liquid, adjusting temperature is completely dissolved PVC for 95 DEG C.
(4) mixed liquor that step (2) (3) configure is pumped into the closed agitator tank of 2 cubic metres, is sufficiently mixed uniformly
0.5 hour.
(5) mixed liquor that step (4) mix is pumped into confined conditions in closed cycle spray drying equipment, is adjusted
180 DEG C of intake air temperature, 100 DEG C of air outlet.The discharging of drying tower bottom, is made and is suitable for graphene/PVC composite material masterbatch
Powder particle.All mixed solvents are recycled in the solvent recovery outlet of closed cycle machine, and may be reused.
Masterbatch prepared by embodiment 5 has preferable heating conduction, with electric conductivity, better mechanical property, Vicat softening point
Improve larger, heat resistance and thermal stability improve more.Can according to ratio and nanometer aluminium powder/copper nanoparticle, PVC powder,
It is kneaded after plasticiser, heat stabilizer mixing, prepares electric conductivity thermal conductivity, the good various devices of heat resistance.
To sum up, PVC/ graphene composite material masterbatch provided by the invention can adjust addition according to different needs
Specific material is prepared into the good different types of masterbatch of electric conductivity, mechanical performance, heating conduction.Production technology of the present invention
Simply, production in closed equipment, solvent recoverable, no pollution to the environment are suitble to large-scale industrial production.
Comparative example: 100 parts of SG3 type PVC, 2 parts of heat stabilizer barium stearate, 45 parts of plasticiser DOP.156 DEG C of mills 10
Test performance after tabletting after minute.
15 parts of masterbatch, 85 parts of SG3 type PVC, 2 parts of heat stabilizer barium stearate of Example 1-5 respectively, plasticiser DOP
45 parts, 156 DEG C of mills test performance after tabletting after ten minutes.It is as follows to obtain specific data:
As can be seen from the above table, the mechanicalness using the sample of masterbatch of the invention relative to the sample for being not added with masterbatch
Energy, electric conductivity and heating conduction have raising by a relatively large margin.