CN106665426A - 一种防止草鱼出血病的方法 - Google Patents
一种防止草鱼出血病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665426A CN106665426A CN201611081949.4A CN201611081949A CN106665426A CN 106665426 A CN106665426 A CN 106665426A CN 201611081949 A CN201611081949 A CN 201611081949A CN 106665426 A CN106665426 A CN 106665426A
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- parts
- grass carp
- disease
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- chinese medicine
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，公开了一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）净化鱼塘；（2）鱼苗前处理；（3）饲喂抗病饲料。对鱼塘采用物理和化学方法相结合的方式，彻底杀死病毒，并且对赤皮病、烂鳃病、肠炎病的病菌也有防治作用，将鱼苗进行前处理，可以提高草鱼的初生免疫力，降低感染出血病病毒的风险，通过喂养抗病饲料，使草鱼的免疫能力提高到可以抵抗病毒感染以及鱼群传染的危害，本发明的防治方法将草鱼出血病发病率降至2.4%，挽回经济损失2‑3千元/亩鱼塘。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，具体涉及一种防止草鱼出血病的方法。
背景技术
草鱼属鲤形目鲤科雅罗鱼亚科草鱼属，体延长，亚圆筒形，体长大1m余。体青黄色。头宽平，口端位，无须。咽齿梳状。栖息水的中下层，以水草为食。3-4龄成熟，在江河上游产卵，可人工繁殖，生长快，最大个体达30kg左右，为中国主要淡水鱼类养殖对象。分布于中国各大水系，肉味美，鱼胆有毒。草鱼的俗称有:鲩、鲩鱼、油鲩、草鲩、白鲩、草鱼、草根(东北)、厚子鱼(鲁南)、海鲩(南方)、混子、黑青鱼等。栖息于平原地区的江河湖泊，一般喜居于水的中下层和近岸多水草区域。性活泼，游泳迅速，常成群觅食。为典型的草食性鱼类。草鱼幼鱼期则食幼虫，藻类等，草鱼也吃一些荤食，如蚯蚓，蜻蜓等。在干流或湖泊的深水处越冬。生殖季节亲鱼有溯游习性。已移殖到亚、欧、美、非各洲的许多国家。因其生长迅速，饲料来源广，是中国淡水养殖的四大家鱼之一。草鱼出血病是草鱼种的一种严重疾病,通常在水温25-30℃时发病，其症状表现为全身性组织器官充血。其病原悬液能通过赛氏滤器(Seitz,EKS石棉滤板),能在草鱼种体内及草鱼鳍单层细胞中传代繁殖，在草鱼肌肉单层细胞和性腺单层细胞中感染并出现细胞病变。当前，虽然出现了很多治疗方法，然而效果并不乐观，不能从根本上解决病毒的再生，往往反复性大，且药剂对环境及人体健康都有危害，出血病仍然成为制约着草鱼养殖发展的一大壁垒。
发明内容
为了解决当前草鱼养殖行业存在的问题，本发明提供了一种防止草鱼出血病的方法，防治效果突出，并且不具有反复性。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）净化鱼塘
鱼塘使用前进行彻底清淤，清理淤泥后，暴晒5-7天，注入新水，水中二氧化氯浓度为1-2ppm，次氯酸钠浓度为3-4ppm，防止病毒细菌的潜伏，且该消毒剂绿色无毒，并在水体中植入益生菌和浮游生物，可以维持水体生态平衡，稳定水质，该益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌，这些益生菌产生的活性物质对细菌、病毒和内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用，并刺激草鱼免疫器官的生长发育，激活T、B淋巴细胞，提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平，增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能，提高群体免疫力，能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素，提高草鱼体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性，数量分别为2×10^3cfu/ml、6×10^4cfu/ml ；
（2）鱼苗前处理
鱼苗在放入鱼塘养殖前，要经过中药液浸泡，不仅对病毒和细菌有很好的抑制作用，还增强了草鱼内脏各个部位的抵抗力，该中药液按照重量份计由以下成分组成：柴胡12-15份、山药11-14份、三七10-12份、板蓝根11-13份、甘草12-15份、茜草10-13份、大蓟9-11份、小蓟8-10份、刺猬皮7-9份、土鳖虫5-8份，浸泡时长为2-3小时浸泡后连同药液一起投入鱼塘；
（3）饲喂抗病饲料
使用抗病饲料喂养草鱼，该抗病饲料按照重量份计由以下成分组成：麦麸35-38份、豆渣25-30份、苏丹草24-28份、黑麦草20-22份、虾皮15-17份、鸡蛋壳14-16份、蚯蚓12-15份、罗布麻5-8份、碱蓬4-6份、马齿苋3.5-4.5份、龙眼肉2.3-2.5份、桔梗2.2-2.4份、白术1.8-1.9份、大黄1.5-1.7份、黄柏1.4-1.5份、黄芩1.3-1.5份、柴胡1.2-1.4份、槐花1.1-1.3份，食盐1-2份、蜂蜜2-3份、诱食剂2-3份。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液的制备方法为：
（1）将所述重量份的柴胡、山药、三七、板蓝根、甘草、茜草、大蓟、小蓟粉碎至至180-200目的粉末状，将粉末混合均匀后投入到提取罐中，加入700-800倍体积的水，浸泡5-8小时，得到浸泡液；
（2）将所述重量份的刺猬皮、土鳖虫加入1000-1200倍体积的水小火熬制3-4小时，过滤得到熬制液；
（3）将浸泡液加热至100℃，提取10小时，过滤收集滤液，在50-60℃下减压浓缩至原来体积的40-50%，得到浓缩液；
（4）将熬制液与浓缩液混合均匀，紫外线杀菌即得所述中药液。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述诱食剂按照重量份计由以下成分组成：甜菜碱13-15份、氧化三甲胺10-12份、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭9-11份、大蒜素8-10份、3-甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸6-9份、丙氨酸5-7份、胱氨酸4-6份、甘氨酸3-5份、肌苷酸2.5-3.5份，该诱食剂提高了饲料的适口性，使草鱼摄食量增加，有显著的诱食和促生长效果，并且大大缩短了摄食时间，防止饲料腐败变质，引起病毒细菌繁殖，降低发病率，减少死亡率，增加养殖效益。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液在后期养殖中定期在鱼塘中使用，平均每亩鱼塘用量为18-24千克，时间间隔为25-40天。
本发明的有益效果：本发明对鱼塘采用物理和化学方法相结合的方式，彻底杀死病毒，并且对赤皮病、烂鳃病、肠炎病的病菌也有防治作用，将鱼苗进行前处理，可以提高草鱼的初生免疫力，降低感染出血病病毒的风险，通过喂养抗病饲料，使草鱼的免疫能力提高到可以抵抗病毒感染以及鱼群传染的危害，本发明的防治方法将草鱼出血病发病率降至2.4%，挽回经济损失2-3千元/亩鱼塘。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）净化鱼塘
鱼塘使用前进行彻底清淤，清理淤泥后，暴晒5天，注入新水，水中二氧化氯浓度为1ppm，次氯酸钠浓度为3ppm，防止病毒细菌的潜伏，且该消毒剂绿色无毒，并在水体中植入益生菌和浮游生物，可以维持水体生态平衡，稳定水质，该益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌，这些益生菌产生的活性物质对细菌、病毒和内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用，并刺激草鱼免疫器官的生长发育，激活T、B淋巴细胞，提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平，增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能，提高群体免疫力，能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素，提高草鱼体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性，数量分别为2×10^3cfu/ml、6×10^4cfu/ml；
（2）鱼苗前处理
鱼苗在放入鱼塘养殖前，要经过中药液浸泡，不仅对病毒和细菌有很好的抑制作用，还增强了草鱼内脏各个部位的抵抗力，该中药液按照重量份计由以下成分组成：柴胡12份、山药11份、三七10份、板蓝根11份、甘草12份、茜草10份、大蓟9份、小蓟8份、刺猬皮7份、土鳖虫5份，浸泡时长为2小时浸泡后连同药液一起投入鱼塘；
（3）饲喂抗病饲料
使用抗病饲料喂养草鱼，该抗病饲料按照重量份计由以下成分组成：麦麸35份、豆渣25份、苏丹草24份、黑麦草20份、虾皮15份、鸡蛋壳14份、蚯蚓12份、罗布麻5份、碱蓬4份、马齿苋3.5份、龙眼肉2.3份、桔梗2.2份、白术1.8份、大黄1.5份、黄柏1.4份、黄芩1.3份、柴胡1.2份、槐花1.1份，食盐1份、蜂蜜2份、诱食剂2份。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液的制备方法为：
（1）将所述重量份的柴胡、山药、三七、板蓝根、甘草、茜草、大蓟、小蓟粉碎至至180目的粉末状，将粉末混合均匀后投入到提取罐中，加入700倍体积的水，浸泡5-8小时，得到浸泡液；
（2）将所述重量份的刺猬皮、土鳖虫加入1000倍体积的水小火熬制3-4小时，过滤得到熬制液；
（3）将浸泡液加热至100℃，提取10小时，过滤收集滤液，在50℃下减压浓缩至原来体积的40%，得到浓缩液；
（4）将熬制液与浓缩液混合均匀，紫外线杀菌即得所述中药液。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述诱食剂按照重量份计由以下成分组成：甜菜碱13份、氧化三甲胺10份、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭9份、大蒜素8份、3-甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸6份、丙氨酸5份、胱氨酸4份、甘氨酸3份、肌苷酸2.5份，该诱食剂提高了饲料的适口性，使草鱼摄食量增加，有显著的诱食和促生长效果，并且大大缩短了摄食时间，防止饲料腐败变质，引起病毒细菌繁殖，降低发病率，减少死亡率，增加养殖效益。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液在后期养殖中定期在鱼塘中使用，平均每亩鱼塘用量为18千克，时间间隔为25天。
实施例2
一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）净化鱼塘
鱼塘使用前进行彻底清淤，清理淤泥后，暴晒6天，注入新水，水中二氧化氯浓度为1.5ppm，次氯酸钠浓度为3.5ppm，防止病毒细菌的潜伏，且该消毒剂绿色无毒，并在水体中植入益生菌和浮游生物，可以维持水体生态平衡，稳定水质，该益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌，这些益生菌产生的活性物质对细菌、病毒和内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用，并刺激草鱼免疫器官的生长发育，激活T、B淋巴细胞，提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平，增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能，提高群体免疫力，能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素，提高草鱼体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性，数量分别为2×10^3cfu/ml、6×10^4cfu/ml ；
（2）鱼苗前处理
鱼苗在放入鱼塘养殖前，要经过中药液浸泡，不仅对病毒和细菌有很好的抑制作用，还增强了草鱼内脏各个部位的抵抗力，该中药液按照重量份计由以下成分组成：柴胡13份、山药12份、三七11份、板蓝根12份、甘草13份、茜草11份、大蓟10份、小蓟9份、刺猬皮8份、土鳖虫6份，浸泡时长为2.5小时浸泡后连同药液一起投入鱼塘；
（3）饲喂抗病饲料
使用抗病饲料喂养草鱼，该抗病饲料按照重量份计由以下成分组成：麦麸36份、豆渣28份、苏丹草26份、黑麦草21份、虾皮16份、鸡蛋壳15份、蚯蚓13份、罗布麻6份、碱蓬5份、马齿苋4.0份、龙眼肉2.4份、桔梗2.3份、白术1.85份、大黄1.6份、黄柏1.45份、黄芩1.4份、柴胡1.3份、槐花1.2份，食盐1.5份、蜂蜜2.5份、诱食剂2.5份。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液的制备方法为：
（1）将所述重量份的柴胡、山药、三七、板蓝根、甘草、茜草、大蓟、小蓟粉碎至至190目的粉末状，将粉末混合均匀后投入到提取罐中，加入750倍体积的水，浸泡6小时，得到浸泡液；
（2）将所述重量份的刺猬皮、土鳖虫加入1100倍体积的水小火熬制3.5小时，过滤得到熬制液；
（3）将浸泡液加热至100℃，提取10小时，过滤收集滤液，在55℃下减压浓缩至原来体积的45%，得到浓缩液；
（4）将熬制液与浓缩液混合均匀，紫外线杀菌即得所述中药液。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述诱食剂按照重量份计由以下成分组成：甜菜碱14份、氧化三甲胺11份、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭10份、大蒜素9份、3-甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸7份、丙氨酸6份、胱氨酸5份、甘氨酸4份、肌苷酸3.0份，该诱食剂提高了饲料的适口性，使草鱼摄食量增加，有显著的诱食和促生长效果，并且大大缩短了摄食时间，防止饲料腐败变质，引起病毒细菌繁殖，降低发病率，减少死亡率，增加养殖效益。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液在后期养殖中定期在鱼塘中使用，平均每亩鱼塘用量为21千克，时间间隔为30天。
实施例3
一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）净化鱼塘
鱼塘使用前进行彻底清淤，清理淤泥后，暴晒7天，注入新水，水中二氧化氯浓度为2ppm，次氯酸钠浓度为4ppm，防止病毒细菌的潜伏，且该消毒剂绿色无毒，并在水体中植入益生菌和浮游生物，可以维持水体生态平衡，稳定水质，该益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌，这些益生菌产生的活性物质对细菌、病毒和内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用，并刺激草鱼免疫器官的生长发育，激活T、B淋巴细胞，提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平，增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能，提高群体免疫力，能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素，提高草鱼体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性，数量分别为2×10^3cfu/ml、6×10^4cfu/ml ；
（2）鱼苗前处理
鱼苗在放入鱼塘养殖前，要经过中药液浸泡，不仅对病毒和细菌有很好的抑制作用，还增强了草鱼内脏各个部位的抵抗力，该中药液按照重量份计由以下成分组成：柴胡15份、山药14份、三七12份、板蓝根13份、甘草15份、茜草13份、大蓟11份、小蓟10份、刺猬皮9份、土鳖虫8份，浸泡时长为3小时浸泡后连同药液一起投入鱼塘；
（3）饲喂抗病饲料
使用抗病饲料喂养草鱼，该抗病饲料按照重量份计由以下成分组成：麦麸38份、豆渣30份、苏丹草28份、黑麦草22份、虾皮17份、鸡蛋壳16份、蚯蚓15份、罗布麻8份、碱蓬6份、马齿苋4.5份、龙眼肉2.5份、桔梗2.4份、白术1.9份、大黄1.7份、黄柏1.5份、黄芩1.5份、柴胡1.4份、槐花1.3份，食盐2份、蜂蜜3份、诱食剂3份。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液的制备方法为：
（1）将所述重量份的柴胡、山药、三七、板蓝根、甘草、茜草、大蓟、小蓟粉碎至至200目的粉末状，将粉末混合均匀后投入到提取罐中，加入800倍体积的水，浸泡8小时，得到浸泡液；
（2）将所述重量份的刺猬皮、土鳖虫加入1200倍体积的水小火熬制4小时，过滤得到熬制液；
（3）将浸泡液加热至100℃，提取10小时，过滤收集滤液，在60℃下减压浓缩至原来体积的50%，得到浓缩液；
（4）将熬制液与浓缩液混合均匀，紫外线杀菌即得所述中药液。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述诱食剂按照重量份计由以下成分组成：甜菜碱15份、氧化三甲胺12份、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭11份、大蒜素10份、3-甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸9份、丙氨酸7份、胱氨酸6份、甘氨酸5份、肌苷酸3.5份，该诱食剂提高了饲料的适口性，使草鱼摄食量增加，有显著的诱食和促生长效果，并且大大缩短了摄食时间，防止饲料腐败变质，引起病毒细菌繁殖，降低发病率，减少死亡率，增加养殖效益。
作为对上述方案的进一步描述，所述中药液在后期养殖中定期在鱼塘中使用，平均每亩鱼塘用量为24千克，时间间隔为40天。
对照试验
对照试验在蚌埠市渔歌农业科技有限公司草鱼养殖基地进行，将同一批草鱼鱼苗20000条均分为4组，前三组使用实施例的方法养殖，而第四组作为对照组，使用现有养殖技术养殖，无关变量保持一致，将试验结果统计后如下表所示：
| 项目 | 出血病发病率（%） | 收入提高（%） | 重复发病率（%） | 其它病发病率（%） |
| 实施例1 | 2.5 | 29.5 | 0.5 | 2.3 |
| 实施例2 | 2.4 | 30.6 | 0.3 | 2.2 |
| 实施例3 | 2.5 | 29.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 |
| 对照组 | 25.8 | 对照 | 18.4 | 10.4 |
通过比较发现：本发明的方法将草鱼出血病的发病率降低至2.4%，和现有方法相比有大幅度提高，并且重复发病率为0.3%，而现有方法重复发病率较高，达到18.4%，同时本发明还降低了其他病的发病率，将收入提高了30.6%，综上所述，本发明对草鱼出血病有很好的防治效果，是一种值得推广的技术。
Claims (4)
1.一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）净化鱼塘
鱼塘使用前进行彻底清淤，清理淤泥后，暴晒5-7天，注入新水，水中二氧化氯浓度为1-2ppm，次氯酸钠浓度为3-4ppm，并在水体中植入益生菌和浮游生物，该益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌，数量分别为2×10^3cfu/ml、6×10^4cfu/ml；
（2）鱼苗前处理
鱼苗在放入鱼塘养殖前，要经过中药液浸泡，该中药液按照重量份计由以下成分组成：柴胡12-15份、山药11-14份、三七10-12份、板蓝根11-13份、甘草12-15份、茜草10-13份、大蓟9-11份、小蓟8-10份、刺猬皮7-9份、土鳖虫5-8份，浸泡时长为2-3小时浸泡后连同药液一起投入鱼塘；
（3）饲喂抗病饲料
使用抗病饲料喂养草鱼，该抗病饲料按照重量份计由以下成分组成：麦麸35-38份、豆渣25-30份、苏丹草24-28份、黑麦草20-22份、虾皮15-17份、鸡蛋壳14-16份、蚯蚓12-15份、罗布麻5-8份、碱蓬4-6份、马齿苋3.5-4.5份、龙眼肉2.3-2.5份、桔梗2.2-2.4份、白术1.8-1.9份、大黄1.5-1.7份、黄柏1.4-1.5份、黄芩1.3-1.5份、柴胡1.2-1.4份、槐花1.1-1.3份，食盐1-2份、蜂蜜2-3份、诱食剂2-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，其特征在于，所述中药液的制备方法为：
（1）将所述重量份的柴胡、山药、三七、板蓝根、甘草、茜草、大蓟、小蓟粉碎至至180-200目的粉末状，将粉末混合均匀后投入到提取罐中，加入700-800倍体积的水，浸泡5-8小时，得到浸泡液；
（2）将所述重量份的刺猬皮、土鳖虫加入1000-1200倍体积的水小火熬制3-4小时，过滤得到熬制液；
（3）将浸泡液加热至100℃，提取10小时，过滤收集滤液，在50-60℃下减压浓缩至原来体积的40-50%，得到浓缩液；
（4）将熬制液与浓缩液混合均匀，紫外线杀菌即得所述中药液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，其特征在于，所述诱食剂按照重量份计由以下成分组成：甜菜碱13-15份、氧化三甲胺10-12份、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭9-11份、大蒜素8-10份、3-甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸6-9份、丙氨酸5-7份、胱氨酸4-6份、甘氨酸3-5份、肌苷酸2.5-3.5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治草鱼出血病的方法，其特征在于，所述中药液在后期养殖中定期在鱼塘中使用，平均每亩鱼塘用量为18-24千克，时间间隔为25-40天。
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| CN107410693A (zh) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-12-01 | 铜仁市万山区生态渔业养殖有限公司 | 一种防治草鱼出血病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107711618A (zh) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-23 | 当涂县乌溪镇海平水产养殖专业合作社 | 一种草鱼养殖方法 |
| CN107836598A (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-27 | 贵州省思南县山野牧业有限公司 | 一种治疗草鱼出血病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107982361A (zh) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 深圳地天国际生物工程科技有限公司 | 一种用于水产养殖的病毒性出血病康复剂及其制备工艺 |
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| CN107836598A (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-27 | 贵州省思南县山野牧业有限公司 | 一种治疗草鱼出血病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107982361A (zh) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 深圳地天国际生物工程科技有限公司 | 一种用于水产养殖的病毒性出血病康复剂及其制备工艺 |
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