CN106654557B - Double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna - Google Patents
Double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN106654557B CN106654557B CN201611169706.6A CN201611169706A CN106654557B CN 106654557 B CN106654557 B CN 106654557B CN 201611169706 A CN201611169706 A CN 201611169706A CN 106654557 B CN106654557 B CN 106654557B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna, which comprises a balun and two antenna radiating arms, wherein the balun is arranged on a substrate, the two antenna radiating arms are respectively connected with the output end of the balun through a transmission line vertically connected with one end of the balun, and the other end of the antenna radiating arm is used as an open end and is respectively in a stepped shape folded towards the side where the transmission line is positioned; the width of the antenna radiation arm is larger than that of the transmission line, and the opposite sides of the end part of the antenna radiation arm connected with the transmission line are provided with chamfers. The invention adds the transmission line to the single dipole antenna, so that the antenna generates a second resonance frequency point, the width of the antenna radiation arm is increased, the open end of the antenna radiation arm is arranged in a ladder shape, and a plurality of current paths with different lengths are formed by combining the arrangement of chamfers, so as to realize multi-band coverage; because the single antenna is adopted, the gains of different frequency bands are the same, the signal processing difficulty of the system is greatly reduced, and the radiation omnidirectionality is good, and the in-band gain is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dipole antennas, in particular to a double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna.
Background
In a mobile communication system, an antenna is used as an access port of a wireless signal, and has a key influence on the channel capacity, transmission speed, communication quality and coverage area of the system. In the 3G (The Third Generation Mobile Communication) era, mobile communication systems have provided more and more types of services to mobile subscribers, and these services are allocated to different radio bands and require different antennas; however, when a plurality of antennas are installed in a short distance, coupling interference among the antennas is serious, so that the antennas in a modern mobile communication system, particularly the built-in antennas of the mobile terminal, should adopt broadband antennas as much as possible to realize multi-band coverage so as to reduce the number of antennas.
In order to achieve multi-band coverage, developers often adopt a plurality of radiating element integration technologies to design modern mobile communication antennas. Chun-I Lin, kin-Lu Wong, printed Monopole Slot Antenna for Internal Multiband Mobile Phone Antenna, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL., NO. 12, DECEMBER 2007, pp:3690-3697 discloses a broadband mobile phone built-in antenna realized by a straight slot radiating element and a curved slot radiating element on a grounding conductor plate; the patent 'Kin-Lu Wong, wei-Ji Chen, ting-Wei Kang, small-Size Loop Antenna With a Parasitic Shorted Strip Monopole for Internal WWAN Notebook Computer, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL., no. 5, MAY 2011, pp:1733-1738' discloses the realization of a broadband mobile terminal built-in antenna by integrating a loop radiating element with a parasitic monopole radiating element; hanJiang Liu, rongaLin Li, yan Pan, et al A Multi-Broadband Planar Antenna for GSM/UMTS/LTE and WLAN/WiMAX Handsets, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL., NO. 5, MAY 2014, pp:2856-2860 discloses that a mobile terminal built-in integrated antenna is realized by bending a plurality of microstrip patches with different lengths into monopole radiating units with different shapes; the use of radiating element multi-branch structures to implement a notebook internal IFA antenna is disclosed in Chuan-Ling Hu, wen-Feng Lee, ye-Ee Wu, et al A Compact Multiband Inverted-F Antenna for LTE/WWAN/GPS/WiMAX/WLAN Operations in the Laptop Computer, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL 9, 2010, pp:1169-1173. The data results in the above documents all reflect some common problems: the gain difference of the integrated antenna of the multi-radiation unit in different frequency bands is larger, so that the difficulty is brought to the signal processing of the system; the radiation intensity is greatly different in different directions, and for a mobile terminal with time-varying position and time-varying direction, the situation affects the communication quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna, which can solve the problems that the prior art adopts an integrated antenna with multiple radiation units to realize multi-frequency-band coverage, so that the gain difference of different frequency bands is larger, the difficulty is brought to the signal processing of a system, and the radiation intensity difference in different directions is larger.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna comprises a balun arranged on a substrate and two antenna radiation arms, wherein the two antenna radiation arms are respectively connected with the output end of the balun through transmission lines vertically connected to one end of the antenna radiation arms, and the other ends of the antenna radiation arms are respectively stepped-shaped with open ends folded towards the side where the transmission lines are located; the width of the antenna radiation arm is larger than that of the transmission line, and the opposite sides of the end part of the antenna radiation arm connected with the transmission line are provided with chamfers.
According to a further scheme of the invention, the two antenna radiating arms are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the substrate, the balun comprises a first part and a second part which are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the substrate, and the first part and the second part are conducted through metal through holes penetrating through the substrate.
The second part of the balun comprises a first horizontal part and four vertical parts, wherein one ends of the four vertical parts are connected to the first horizontal part in parallel, the four vertical parts are parallel to a transmission line, and the length of each vertical part is equal to one quarter of the resonant wavelength of the antenna; the two vertical parts at the outer sides are C microstrip lines, the two vertical parts at the middle are B microstrip lines, a second horizontal part is connected between the other ends of the two B microstrip lines, an A microstrip line is arranged in a window area formed by surrounding the two B microstrip lines, the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part, and a first input end and a first output end are respectively arranged at the opposite outer sides of the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part; the first part of the balun comprises two port lines, the outer ends of the two port lines are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end, the inner ends of the two port lines respectively extend to a projection area of the window area on the front surface of the substrate, and the inner ends of the two port lines are respectively conducted with the A microstrip line through metal through holes.
According to a further scheme, the window area is further provided with a parasitic patch in a projection area on the front surface of the substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the dipole antenna is additionally provided with a transmission line, so that a second resonance frequency point is generated by the antenna, the width of an antenna radiation arm is increased, the open end of the antenna radiation arm is arranged in a step shape, and a plurality of current paths with different lengths are formed by combining the arrangement of chamfers, so that multi-band coverage is realized; because the single antenna is adopted, the gain is stable in the working frequency band, the signal processing difficulty of the system is greatly reduced, the radiation omnidirectionality is good, and the signal blind area caused by the azimuth change of the mobile terminal is avoided;
2. the balun and the antenna radiating arm adopt different-surface structures, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized;
3. the microstrip line A and the microstrip line B are used as transmission circuits, and cross radiation caused by unbalanced feed is counteracted by the microstrip line C parallel to the transmission circuits, so that unbalanced-balanced conversion is realized;
4. the parasitic patch introduces lumped capacitance to enable the second resonance frequency point to drift towards low frequency and cover the target frequency band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of antenna return loss for different width antenna radiating arms.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the return loss of the antenna at the open end of the radiating arms of the two antennas.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the return loss of the antenna before and after the introduction of a parasitic patch.
Fig. 6 is a graph of antenna return loss in an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a graph of maximum gain simulation of an antenna in an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is an H-plane pattern of the antenna in an embodiment when excited by a 2.3GHz signal.
Fig. 9 is an E-plane pattern of the antenna in an embodiment when excited by a 2.3GHz signal.
Detailed Description
The double-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a balun arranged on a substrate 1 and two antenna radiation arms 2, wherein the two antenna radiation arms 2 are respectively arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the substrate 1, one surface of each antenna radiation arm 2 is a free space, the other surface of each antenna radiation arm 2 is the substrate 1, and the coupling wavelength in the substrate 1 between the two antenna radiation arms 2 is greatly shortened; the balun comprises a first part arranged on the front surface of the substrate 1 and a second part arranged on the back surface of the substrate 1, wherein the second part of the balun comprises a first horizontal part 5 and four vertical parts, one ends of the vertical parts are connected with the first horizontal part 5 in parallel, and the length of each vertical part is equal to one quarter of the resonant wavelength of the antenna; gaps are reserved between adjacent vertical parts, two vertical parts positioned at the outer side are C microstrip lines 6, two vertical parts positioned at the middle are B microstrip lines 7, a second horizontal part 8 is connected between the other ends of the two B microstrip lines 7, an A microstrip line 10 is arranged in a window area 9 formed by surrounding the two B microstrip lines 7, the first horizontal part 5 and the second horizontal part 8, gaps are reserved between the A microstrip line 10 and the two B microstrip lines 7, the first horizontal part 5 and the second horizontal part 8 respectively, and the first horizontal part 5 and the second horizontal part 8 are respectively provided with a first input end and a first output end at the opposite outer sides; the first part of the balun comprises two port lines 11, the outer ends of the two port lines 11 are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end, the inner ends of the two port lines extend to a projection area 12 of the window area 9 on the front surface of the substrate 1 respectively and are respectively conducted with the A microstrip line 10 through the metal via 4, and the projection area 12 is further provided with a parasitic patch 13. The two antenna radiation arms 2 are respectively connected with a first output end and a second output end of the balun through a transmission line 3 vertically connected to one end of the antenna radiation arms, the transmission line 3 is parallel to the four vertical parts, and the other ends of the antenna radiation arms 2 are respectively in a stepped shape which is folded towards the side where the transmission line 3 is located as open ends; the width of the antenna radiation arm 2 is larger than that of the transmission line 3, and the opposite sides of the end part of the antenna radiation arm 2 connected with the transmission line 3 are provided with chamfers.
The gaps among the microstrip line A10, the microstrip line B7 and the microstrip line C6 are very small, and the strong coupling ensures that the current on the microstrip line A10 is symmetrically distributed on two sides close to the gaps, and the equivalent reverse current of the microstrip line A10 is distributed on the inner side of the microstrip line B7; when the lengths of the C microstrip line 6 and the B microstrip line 7 are equal to one quarter of the resonant wavelength of the antenna, mismatch currents are distributed reversely at the two sides of the gap between the C microstrip line 6 and the B microstrip line 7 in an equivalent way, so that balance-unbalance matching is realized.
The service frequency band of the China TD-LTE system is as follows:
taking the target as a main resonance frequency point, 2.3GHz and the frequency band lower than-10 dB to cover 7 service frequency bands of the whole TD-LTE system as an example, adopting the material with the thickness of 1.6mm and the relative dielectric constant epsilon r Substrate 1 of=4.4, the first and second inputs of balun are fed by a coaxial feed line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms; the respective structural parameters (unit: mm) in fig. 1 and 2 are as follows:
| L1 | W1 | L2 | W2 | L3 | W3 | a | b | c | d | G |
| 23.5 | 5.1 | 24.5 | 2.2 | 6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 8.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
the longest part of the total length of the two Antenna radiating arms 2 is only 49.2mm, and the application research [ D ] of metamaterial in ultra-high frequency RFID Antenna, [ Liu Qi ] Nanjing aviation aerospace university, 2015 ] and [ Wang C, ge Y, broadband printed dipole an-tenna with T-shape loads [ C ]. Antenna Tec-technology ] [ Small Antennas, novel EM Structure-ures and Materials, and Applications ] (iWAT), 2014 International Works-hop on. IEEE, 2014:322-324 ], the resonant frequency is 2.45GHz, a double-arm coplanar dipole Antenna is adopted, the total length of the two arms is 72mm, the electromagnetic wave wavelength with the frequency of 2.3GHz in free space is slightly longer than 2.45GHz, but the contrast of the Antenna radiating arms shows that the Antenna radiating arms can be placed unevenly to greatly shorten the Antenna length.
Dipole antennas belong to resonant antennas, the length of the radiating arm is a key parameter determining the resonant frequency point, and the width of the radiating arm mainly influences the working bandwidth of the antenna. When the rest parameters are unchanged and the width W1 of the radiation arm is changed, as shown in FIG. 3, as W1 is increased, the bandwidth of the echo loss (S11) of the corresponding higher frequency band is increased below-10 dB; when the value of W1 is 5.1mm, S11 is lower than-10 dB between 2.06 GHz and 2.60GHz, but when the value of W1 is larger, the low-frequency characteristic of the antenna is deteriorated, such as a return loss (S11) curve corresponding to W1=5.78 mm in FIG. 3; because the highest frequency band of the TD-LTE system is 2635-2655 MHz of China telecom, in order to avoid the deterioration of low frequency characteristics of the radiation arm to be continuously widened, the open end of the radiation arm is set to be stepped and gradually shortened when the width of the radiation arm is kept to be 5.1mm, the radiation current path length is reduced, and the upper limit of the frequency band with the return loss (S11) lower than-10 dB is improved.
The radiating arms have the same length and width, the simulation curves of the return loss (S11) of the two antenna structures with the parallel open ends and the stepped open ends are shown in fig. 4, the return loss (S11) of the antenna with the parallel open ends of the radiating arms is lower than-10 dB in the range of 2.06 GHz to 2.60GHz, and the return loss (S11) of the antenna with the stepped open ends of the radiating arms is lower than-10 dB in the range of 2.10 GHz to 3 GHz.
Besides the 6 frequency bands distributed in 2300-2655 MHz, the China TD-LTE system has a lower frequency band of 1880-1890 MHz for China mobile. The transmission line 3 may be equivalently a part of the structure of the radiating arm of the antenna is bent in an extension, so that a resonant current path is increased, and a new second resonant frequency point is generated at a lower frequency. The HFSS is used for optimizing the structure sizes of the antenna, the result shows that the length L3 and the width W3 of the transmission line in the antenna are 6mm and 2.2mm respectively, the comprehensive index reaches the optimum, but the return loss (S11) at the second resonance point is lower than the frequency range of-10 dB and is 1890-1920 MHz, therefore, the parasitic patch 13 is introduced, the capacitive reactance is increased in the antenna feed loop, and according to the simulation result shown in FIG. 5, the frequency range of the return loss (S11) at the second resonance point after the parasitic patch is introduced is lower than-10 dB and is 1870-1910MHz, so that the antenna can completely cover all 7 frequency ranges of the TD-LTE system in China.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the range from 1.8GHz to 3GHz, the simulation and actual measured return loss (S11) curves are well matched, and the two resonance frequency points are basically coincident. The simulated return loss (S11) curve is in the frequency range of 1.88-1.92 GHz and 2.1-3 GHz, the actual measured return loss (S11) is lower than-10 dB in the frequency range of 1.87-1.91 GHz and 2.1 GHz-2.72, the engineering application is satisfied, and the system can cover all service frequency bands of the Chinese TD-LTE system shown in the table I. If the antenna S11 of the mobile terminal such as a mobile phone is lower than-6 dB to meet the index requirements of the application, the antenna has wider working bandwidth.
Fig. 7 shows that HFSS simulation of the antenna at each frequency point in the range of 1.8-3 GHz gives a maximum gain curve, and the curve shows that the maximum gain of other frequency points is basically and smoothly distributed in the range of 2-2.6 dB except that the maximum gain is slightly lower than 2dB in a small range of less than 2GHz in the analyzed frequency range.
Fig. 8 and fig. 9 are respectively the E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams of the antenna when excited by a signal with a main resonance frequency of 2.3GHz, and the simulation and actual measurement curves in the two diagrams are well matched, thus reflecting the radiation characteristics of the dipole antenna. In fig. 8, the out-of-roundness of the simulated H-plane pattern is about 0.5dB, the omni-directional characteristic is better, and the backward out-of-roundness of the measured H-plane pattern is slightly larger, because the radiation is affected by the bracket for fixing the antenna in practice. In fig. 9, the simulated and measured patterns represent the radiation characteristics of the dipole antenna E with an "8" shape, and the simulated and measured patterns are slightly offset from the main radiation direction by about 15 degrees in the backward direction, because the balun has frequency characteristics, and the unbalanced-balanced conversion cannot be perfectly realized at the non-center frequency; the measured forward lobe is wider than the simulated forward lobe because the 3m 4m 3m microwave darkroom fails to meet far field test conditions.
In summary, the-10 dB frequency band of the antenna of the embodiment can cover all 7 service frequency bands of the TD-LTE standard of the 4G standard, the gain is stable in the frequency band, the radiation omnidirectionality is good, and the design method is different from the design method of integrating multiple radiation units of other 4G mobile communication broadband antennas.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a two frequency point broadband dipole antenna, includes balun and two antenna radiation arms that set up on the substrate, its characterized in that: the two antenna radiation arms are respectively connected with the output end of the balun through transmission lines vertically connected to one end of the antenna radiation arms, and the other ends of the antenna radiation arms are respectively in a stepped shape which is folded towards the side where the transmission lines are located as open ends; the width of the antenna radiation arm is larger than that of the transmission line, and the opposite sides of the end part of the antenna radiation arm connected with the transmission line are provided with chamfers;
the two antenna radiating arms are respectively arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the substrate, the balun comprises a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part are respectively arranged on the front surface of the substrate, and the first part and the second part are communicated through a metal via hole penetrating through the substrate;
the second part of the balun comprises a first horizontal part and four vertical parts, one ends of the four vertical parts are connected with the first horizontal part in parallel, the four vertical parts are parallel to the transmission line, and the length of each vertical part is equal to one quarter of the resonant wavelength of the antenna; gaps are reserved between adjacent vertical parts, two vertical parts positioned at the outer side are C microstrip lines, two vertical parts positioned at the middle are B microstrip lines, a second horizontal part is connected between the other ends of the two B microstrip lines, an A microstrip line is arranged in a window area formed by surrounding the two B microstrip lines, the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part, gaps are reserved among the A microstrip line, the two B microstrip lines, the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part respectively, and a first input end and a first output end are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part; the first part of the balun comprises two port lines, the outer ends of the two port lines are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end, the inner ends of the two port lines respectively extend to a projection area of the window area on the front surface of the substrate and are respectively communicated with the A microstrip line through metal through holes;
the window area is also provided with a parasitic patch in the projection area of the front surface of the substrate.
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| CN107317106B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Wide band miniaturization Vivaldi antenna can be achieved in one kind |
| CN108346855B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2024-04-16 | 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 | Millimeter wave antenna monomer |
| CN109326877A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 江苏捷士通射频***有限公司 | Ultra wideband dual polarization radiating element |
| CN111224224B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-12-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and array antenna |
| CN112751158B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-05-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly and communication equipment |
| CN113054419A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN113937490B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-05-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and wireless device |
| CN113300110B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-05-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Quasi-coaxial crack feed back cavity antenna |
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