CN106654285A - Flexible current collector for lithium battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flexible current collector for lithium battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106654285A
CN106654285A CN201611033528.4A CN201611033528A CN106654285A CN 106654285 A CN106654285 A CN 106654285A CN 201611033528 A CN201611033528 A CN 201611033528A CN 106654285 A CN106654285 A CN 106654285A
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collecting body
flexible
flexible current
thickness
layer
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CN106654285B (en
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吴永志
汪小知
傅杰
聂赞相
沃华蕾
徐天白
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible current collector for a lithium battery and a preparation method thereof. The flexible current collector comprises a flexible substrate layer, a metal conductive plated layer and a conductive anti-oxidization layer which are combined tightly in sequence, wherein the flexible substrate layer is one of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane and polyimide; the thickness of the flexible substrate layer is 1-20 microns; the metal conductive plated layer is one of Cu, Al, Ni, Au and Ag and the thickness of the metal conductive plated layer is 0.1-5 microns; and the conductive anti-oxidization layer is at least one of conductive graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-fibers, and the thickness of the conductive anti-oxidization layer is more than 0 and smaller than 1 micron. The flexible current collector disclosed by the invention has high machinability and relatively high thermal stability and anti-oxidization energy; and the quality density of a whole body is small.

Description

A kind of flexible current-collecting body for lithium battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, more particularly to a kind of flexible current-collecting body and its system for lithium battery Preparation Method.
Background technology
Because energy density is high, good reliability and environmental-protecting performance are excellent, lithium battery has become most important on market One of energy storage device, is widely used in the portable type electronic products such as digital camera, mobile phone and notebook computer.
With recent electric motor car rise and develop rapidly, the energy density and stability of lithium ion battery have got back The lifting and improvement of one step.The primary structure that now lithium ion battery of manufacture includes is the positive pole for being stacked with or winding Piece, barrier film, negative plate, barrier film separates both positive and negative polarity insulation, penetrates into the conducting that electrolyte therein ensures positive and negative interpolar lithium ion. Positive plate includes a plus plate current-collecting body and in its surface positive electrode material layer；Negative plate includes a negative current collector and in its table The negative electrode material layer in face.The effect of collector is exactly to converge at the positive pole on its surface or anode active material layer each several part small current Collect to get up to form larger current and externally export.
At present, the collector that lithium battery is adopted is based on metal forming.Plus plate current-collecting body uses aluminium foil, thickness～ 14 μm or so, the Copper Foil that negative current collector is adopted, thickness is at～8 μm or so.Metal forming has a good electric conductivity, but Mechanical poor-performing during above-mentioned thickness, shows as overall more crisp, toughness deficiency, once it is subject to external impacts or outer force deformation to make With, irreversible vestige even hole can be produced, the effectiveness of performance of whole battery is not only affected, it could even be possible to there is serious peace Full problem.
Additionally, traditional Copper Foil and aluminium foil account for whole battery quality～8%, and its electric conductivity is beyond individual layer pole The power demands of piece, therefore the leading colleague of foreign countries reduces its quality simultaneously in the mode of production for pursuing thinner metal forming The final quality for reducing integral battery door, so as to the energy density for effectively improving.
The Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN101071860 discloses a kind of flexible current-collecting body, by supporting layer/conductive layer Composition, supporting layer is the organic film material that can be wound, and thickness is 10～100 μm；Conductive layer is 1～500 layer of conductive thin membrane material Material, thickness is 10nm～10 μm；The conductive of flexible current-collecting body is nickel, platinum, gold, ruthenium, cobalt or manganese Metal thin-film material； RuO2、NiO、TiO2、SnO2、ZrO2、V2O5Or MnO2Transition metal oxide film material；Polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene Conducting polymer thin film material.The electric conductivity of the flexible current-collecting body is not good.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of flexible current-collecting body for lithium battery, the flexible current-collecting body is more frivolous, can effectively carry The energy density of high lithium battery, and with enough mechanical tenacities, machining property is strong, present invention also offers the flexibility collection The preparation method of fluid.
The invention provides a kind of flexible current-collecting body for lithium battery, including the flexible base layer combined closely successively, Metallic conduction coating and conductive anti oxidation layer；
Described flexible base layer is polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate One kind in ester, dimethyl silicone polymer and polyimides, the thickness of described flexible base layer is 1～20 μm；
Described metallic conduction coating is the one kind in Cu, Al, Ni, Au and Ag, the thickness of described metallic conduction coating For 0.1～5 μm；
Described conductive anti oxidation layer includes at least in electrically conductive graphite, Graphene, CNT and carbon nano-fiber Kind, the thickness of described conductive anti oxidation layer is more than 0 and less than 1 μm.
Flexible current-collecting body of the present invention can be one side or two-sided, and the flexible current-collecting body of one side is for only in flexibility One surface of basalis is plated set metallic conduction coating and conductive anti oxidation layer successively, and two-sided flexible current-collecting body is in flexible base Respectively successively plating sets metallic conduction coating and conductive anti oxidation layer on two surfaces of bottom.
Preferably, the thickness of described flexible base layer is 1～5 μm.
The flexible base layer of the thickness reduce further flexibility while can guarantee that the mechanical strength of flexible current-collecting body The weight of collector.
Preferably, the thickness of described metallic conduction coating is 0.2～5 μm.
The thickness of metallic conduction coating can play good catchment effect when being 0.2～5 μm, and flexibility can be effectively reduced again The weight of collector.
Preferably, described flexible base layer is polyethylene terephthalate；Described metallic conduction coating is Cu or Al.
Adhesion between polyethylene terephthalate and Cu or Al is larger, is with polyethylene terephthalate Flexible base layer, during with Cu or Al as metallic conduction coating, the better mechanical property of flexible current-collecting body.
Described flexible current-collecting body includes negative current collector and plus plate current-collecting body, preferably, described negative current collector Flexible base layer be polyethylene terephthalate, metallic conduction coating be Cu；The flexible base of described plus plate current-collecting body Bottom is polyethylene terephthalate, and metallic conduction coating is Al.
Outermost layer is conductive anti oxidation layer in the flexible current-collecting body of the present invention, and conductive anti oxidation layer can prevent metallic conduction Coating is aoxidized at high temperature, extends the service life of flexible current-collecting body, while conductive anti oxidation layer can reduce flexible collection The contact resistance of fluid, improves the performance of lithium battery fast charging and discharging.
Preferably, described conductive anti oxidation layer includes Graphene or CNT, described conductive anti oxidation layer Thickness is 80～100nm.
When conductive anti oxidation layer is Graphene or CNT, its antioxygenic property more preferably, is not affecting its non-oxidizability On the premise of energy, the thickness of the conductive anti oxidation layer can be thinner, further reduces the weight of flexible current-collecting body.
Preferably, the adhesion between described metallic conduction coating and flexible base layer is 15～30N/cm.
Adhesion between metallic conduction coating and flexible base layer is bigger, could cause the total of flexible current-collecting body Stable, metallic conduction coating is difficult for drop-off, otherwise can cause to increase the fraction defective of product in the production process of flexible current-collecting body.
Preferably, the tensile strength of described flexible current-collecting body is 100～200MPa, elongation ＞ 5%.
The tensile strength and elongation of flexible current-collecting body are the important indicators of its mechanical strength, its tensile strength be 100～ 200MPa, meets the use requirement of flexible current-collecting body during elongation ＞ 5%.
Preferably, a kind of flexible current-collecting body for lithium battery, including the flexible base layer, metal combined closely successively Conductive coating and conductive anti oxidation layer；
Described flexible base layer is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness of described flexible base layer is 1～5 μ m；
Described metallic conduction coating is Cu or Al, and the thickness of described metallic conduction coating is 0.2～5 μm；
Described conductive anti oxidation layer is Graphene or CNT, the thickness of described conductive anti oxidation layer is 80～ 100nm。
The flexible current-collecting body mass density of the technical scheme is less, and mass area ratio is in 1～10g/m2Between；Its machinery Better performances, its tensile strength between 100～200MPa, elongation ＞ 5%；With good heat endurance and high temperature resistance oxygen Change performance, in 120 DEG C of percent thermal shrinkage ＜ 3%, 2 hours its surface No oxidation discolorations are toasted at 180 DEG C；With excellent conduction Performance, its sheet resistance is 1m Ω～50 Ω, and electrical conductivity is between 1 × 103～6 × 105Between S/cm, meanwhile, its contact resistance is less, Greatly improve the fast charging and discharging performance of lithium battery.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of described flexible current-collecting body, comprises the following steps：
(1) removed after the greasy dirt on flexible base material surface, using ultraviolet light to flexible substrates using acetone and/or alcohol The surface of material carries out cleaning activation；
(2) 1 × 10-4Flexible base material plated surfaces of the Pa by the way of vacuum coating after cleaning activation sets metal Conductive coating；
(3) conductive anti oxidation layer is coated on metallic conduction coating, drying obtains described flexible current-collecting body.
Preferably, in step (1), first with acetone 1～15min of cleaning showers, then 3 are cleaned in ultrasonic water bath with alcohol ～15min.
Under the specific cleaning sequence of here, the greasy dirt on flexible base material surface can be effectively removed.
Preferably, in step (1), the power of ultraviolet light is 500W～20000W, and cleaning soak time is 3min～1h.
Ultraviolet rays cleaning can increase the fineness on flexible base material surface, be conducive to follow-up evaporation operation, strengthen Adhesion between metallic conduction coating and flexible substrates.
The preparation method of the present invention uses high vacuum vapor deposition environment, it is possible to reduce the damage of metallic during evaporation Consumption, and ensure the uniformity of metal conductive coating.
The preparation method of the present invention can adopt the mode of production of volume to volume, both can ensure that the uniform of metallic conduction coating Property, while overall production efficiency can also be improved, reduce overall manufacturing cost.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) flexible current-collecting body of the invention adopts three-decker, and using flexible base layer the machinery of flexible current-collecting body is strengthened Processability；Metallic conduction coating can be greatly lowered flexible current-collecting body entirety while its practical electric conductivity is not affected Mass density, its mass density be only traditional Copper Foil, the 1/10～1/5 of aluminium foil, the quality of lithium battery can be greatly reduced, improve lithium The energy density of battery；Conductive anti oxidation layer can improve the heat endurance of flexible current-collecting body and anti-oxidant energy, while can reduce Its contact resistance, improves the performance of lithium battery fast charging and discharging；
(2) in the preparation method of flexible current-collecting body of the invention, it is cleaned by ultrasonic, then enters using acetone spray, alcohol successively Row ultraviolet rays cleaning is activated, and can greatly enhance the adhesion between flexible base layer and metallic conduction coating；Using high vacuum Evaporation environment, it is possible to reduce the loss of metallic during evaporation, and ensure the uniformity of metal conductive coating.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the flexible current-collecting body of one side of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the two-sided flexible current-collecting body of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The flexible current-collecting body of the present invention can be one side, or it is two-sided, by shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, one side it is soft Property collector include flexible base layer 1, metallic conduction coating 2 and the conductive anti oxidation layer 3 combined closely, two-sided flexibility successively Collector includes successively conductive anti oxidation layer 3, metallic conduction coating 2, flexible base layer 1, the metallic conduction coating 2 combined closely With conductive anti oxidation layer 3.
Embodiment 1
(1) it is 3.8 μm of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to choose thickness, first with acetone cleaning showers～ 3min, then with alcohol in ultrasonic water bath cleaning～10min, again cleaning work carried out to film surface by ultraviolet light after cleaning Change；
(2) PET film and technical grade fine copper base material after cleaning activation is placed into volume to volume vacuum evaporation equipment, is adjusted Examination program, prepares evaporation；Evaporation vacuum environment and technological parameter are set, in vacuum plant 1 × 10 is evacuated down to-4Below Pa When, vacuum coating is opened, setting voltage is 380V, and electric current is 50A, and plated film speed is～60cm/min；Configuration processor, is steamed Plating, copper coating thickness in monolayer is up to 1 μm；
(3) film after copper facing is placed on film applicator again, film speed is set for～2m/min, rate of feed is 5g/ Min, coating quality concentration is 5% CNT (CNT)/1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) slurry on copper coating；
(4) after the completion of film, dry at 100 DEG C, then trimming obtains semi-finished product, then obtains flexibility Jing after sub-cut packaging Collector.
Embodiment 2
(1) PET film that thickness is 3.8 μm is chosen, first with acetone cleaning showers～3min, then with alcohol in ultrasonic water bath Middle cleaning～10min, by ultraviolet light cleaning activation is carried out after cleaning to film surface again；
(2) PET film and technical grade fine aluminium base material after cleaning activation is placed into volume to volume vacuum evaporation equipment, is adjusted Examination program, prepares evaporation；Evaporation vacuum environment and technological parameter are set, in vacuum plant 1 × 10 is evacuated down to-4Below Pa When, vacuum coating is opened, setting voltage is 380V, and electric current is 50A, and plated film speed is～100cm/min；Configuration processor, is carried out Evaporation, copper coating thickness in monolayer is up to 1.8 μm；
(3) film after copper facing is placed on film applicator again, film speed is set for～2m/min, rate of feed is 5g/ Min, coating quality concentration is 5% CNT (CNT)/1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) slurry on copper coating；
(4) after the completion of film, dry at 100 DEG C, then trimming obtains semi-finished product, then obtains flexibility Jing after sub-cut packaging Collector.
Flexible current-collecting body prepared by embodiment 1,2 is contrasted with the mechanical performance of tradition Copper Foil, aluminium foil, such as the institute of table 1 Show, it can be seen that the mass density of flexible current-collecting body prepared by embodiment 1,2 is less, and mechanical performance is stronger.
Flexible current-collecting body prepared by 1 embodiment of table 1,2 and traditional Copper Foil, the mechanical performance contrast of aluminium foil
Comparative example 1
(1) it is 3.8 μm of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to choose thickness, first with acetone cleaning showers～ 3min, then with alcohol in ultrasonic water bath cleaning～10min, again cleaning work carried out to film surface by ultraviolet light after cleaning Change；
(2) PET film and technical grade fine copper base material after cleaning activation is placed into volume to volume vacuum evaporation equipment, is adjusted Examination program, prepares evaporation；Evaporation vacuum environment and technological parameter are set, in vacuum plant 1 × 10 is evacuated down to-4Below Pa When, vacuum coating is opened, setting voltage is 380V, and electric current is 50A, and plated film speed is～60cm/min；Configuration processor, is steamed Plating, copper coating thickness in monolayer is up to 1 μm；
(3) then trimming obtain semi-finished product, then Jing sub-cut packaging after obtain without conduction anti oxidation layer flexible current-collecting body.
The flexible current-collecting body without conductive anti oxidation layer that flexible current-collecting body prepared by embodiment 1 is prepared with comparative example 1 Performance contrasted, as shown in table 2, it can be seen that conductive anti oxidation layer can strengthen flexible current-collecting body heat endurance and Antioxygenic property, while the contact resistance of flexible current-collecting body can be reduced.
The performance comparison of the flexible current-collecting body that flexible current-collecting body prepared by 2 embodiment of table 1 is prepared with comparative example 1
Embodiment 3
(1) polypropylene (PP) film that thickness is 1 μm is chosen, first with acetone cleaning showers～3min, then with alcohol super Cleaning～10min in sound water-bath, by ultraviolet light cleaning activation is carried out after cleaning to film surface again；
(2) the PP films and technical grade fine copper base material after cleaning activation is placed into volume to volume vacuum evaporation equipment, is adjusted Examination program, prepares evaporation；Evaporation vacuum environment and technological parameter are set, in vacuum plant 1 × 10 is evacuated down to-4Below Pa When, vacuum coating is opened, setting voltage is 380V, and electric current is 50A, and plated film speed is～120cm/min；Configuration processor, is carried out Evaporation, copper coating thickness in monolayer is up to 0.1 μm；
(3) film after copper facing is placed on film applicator again, film speed is set for～2m/min, rate of feed is 5g/ Min, coating quality concentration is 5% Graphene/1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) slurry on copper coating；
(4) after the completion of film, dry at 100 DEG C, then trimming obtains semi-finished product, then obtains flexibility Jing after sub-cut packaging Collector.
Embodiment 4
(1) polyimides (PI) film that thickness is 5 μm is chosen, first with acetone cleaning showers～3min, then is existed with alcohol Cleaning～10min in ultrasonic water bath, by ultraviolet light cleaning activation is carried out after cleaning to film surface again；
(2) the PI films and technical grade fine copper base material after cleaning activation is placed into volume to volume vacuum evaporation equipment, is adjusted Examination program, prepares evaporation；Evaporation vacuum environment and technological parameter are set, in vacuum plant 1 × 10 is evacuated down to-4Below Pa When, vacuum coating is opened, setting voltage is 380V, and electric current is 50A, and plated film speed is～40cm/min；Configuration processor, is steamed Plating, copper coating thickness in monolayer is up to 5 μm；
(3) film after copper facing is placed on film applicator again, film speed is set for～2m/min, rate of feed is 5g/ Min, coating quality concentration is 5% CNT (CNT)/1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) slurry on copper coating；
(4) after the completion of film, dry at 100 DEG C, then trimming obtains semi-finished product, then obtains flexibility Jing after sub-cut packaging Collector.
Embodiment described above has been described in detail to technical scheme and beneficial effect, it should be understood that The specific embodiment of the present invention is the foregoing is only, the present invention is not limited to, it is all to be done in the spirit of the present invention Any modification, supplement and equivalent etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of flexible current-collecting body for lithium battery, it is characterised in that including the flexible base layer, metal combined closely successively Conductive coating and conductive anti oxidation layer；
Described flexible base layer is polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, poly- One kind in dimethyl siloxane and polyimides, the thickness of described flexible base layer is 1～20 μm；
Described metallic conduction coating is the one kind in Cu, Al, Ni, Au and Ag, and the thickness of described metallic conduction coating is 0.1 ～5 μm；
Described conductive anti oxidation layer includes at least one in electrically conductive graphite, Graphene, CNT and carbon nano-fiber, institute The thickness of the conductive anti oxidation layer stated is more than 0 and less than 1 μm.
2. flexible current-collecting body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of described flexible base layer is 1～5 μ m。
3. flexible current-collecting body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of described metallic conduction coating is 0.2 ～5 μm.
4. flexible current-collecting body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described conductive anti oxidation layer include Graphene or CNT, the thickness of described conductive anti oxidation layer is 80～100nm.
5. flexible current-collecting body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described flexible base layer is poly terephthalic acid Glycol ester；Described metallic conduction coating is Cu or Al.
6. the flexible current-collecting body according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that described metallic conduction coating with Adhesion between flexible base layer is 15～30N/cm.
7. flexible current-collecting body according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the tensile strength of described flexible current-collecting body is 100～200MPa, elongation ＞ 5%.
8. the preparation method of flexible current-collecting body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) removed after the greasy dirt on flexible base material surface, using ultraviolet light to flexible base material using acetone and/or alcohol Surface carry out cleaning activation；
(2) 1 × 10-4Flexible base material plated surfaces of the Pa by the way of vacuum coating after cleaning activation sets metallic conduction Coating；
(3) conductive anti oxidation layer is coated on metallic conduction coating, drying obtains described flexible current-collecting body.
9. the preparation method of flexible current-collecting body according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in step (1), first sprayed with acetone 1～15min of cleaning is drenched, then 3～15min is cleaned in ultrasonic water bath with alcohol.
10. the preparation method of flexible current-collecting body according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in step (1), ultraviolet light Power is 500W～20000W, and cleaning soak time is 3min～1h.
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