CN106650106A - Tower-type solar intelligent focus degree adjusting method - Google Patents
Tower-type solar intelligent focus degree adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tower-type solar intelligent focus degree adjusting method. The method comprises the steps of conducting meshing on a heat absorber, conducting modularization on a heliostat field, and determining a focus corresponding relationship; calling solar irradiance, cloud layer amount and wind speed climatic prediction information; calling climatic prediction information in a running time of a power station in the longitude and latitude where the power station is located; determining a projection relationship according to a sun position, a heliostat position, the mesh center position of each heat absorber at a determined time, and analyzing surface energy flux density of each heat absorber; calculating surface energy flux density distribution data of heat absorbers through an operation tool; maximizing a whole light power value as a target function. According to the tower-type solar intelligent focus degree adjusting method, heliostats are intelligently allocated and pointed at different areas of the heat absorbers, thus the problems that local parts are overheated, an energy flow distribution at a Gaussian form is formed, the overall average energy flow density is low, and the heat exchange efficiency is low caused due to the fact that the heat absorbers focus simultaneously and point at the center are solved; through the combination and mixed use of respective advantages of a greedy algorithm and a genetic algorithm, the instantaneity demand of heliostat field degree adjusting on the algorithms can be reached, and the optimal system operation performance can be reached.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to tower type solar energy thermal power generation design field, especially a kind of tower type solar is intelligently poly-
Burnt dispatching method.
Background technology
Tower type solar heat and power system is typically referred on very large-area place equipped with many large-sized solar reflections
Mirror, commonly referred to heliostat, every heliostat each all is equipped with follower, sunshine reflection can accurately be focused on into one
The device on recipient at the top of high tower, the concentration magnification on receiver can be more than 1000 times, here the sunshine for absorbing
Heat energy can be changed into, then heat energy is passed to into working medium, after accumulation of heat link, then be input into heat power machine, expansion is done manual work, and is driven and is sent out
Motor, is finally exported in the form of electric energy；
Tower type solar heat and power system is the ideal form that a kind of large solar generates electricity, comprising heliostat field and heat absorption
Used as the fore-end of whole system, its working condition directly determines the operation feelings of follow-up subsystem to the light and heat collection system of device
Condition, and affect the performance of whole system；Due to factors such as time, weather, the solar energy that earth's surface is received has with the time and significantly becomes
Change, each moment generated energy of system is different with heat-storing device institute calorific requirement, its required luminous power also because when and it is different, thus must adopt
Rational focusing strategy reasonable selection heliostat, ensures that to greatest extent condenser system output can flow close using solar energy
Degree is distributed with beneficial to heat dump heat exchange, it is ensured that system stable operation；
At present tower light and heat collection system focusing strategy is primarily present following shortcoming：
First, it is existing to focus on scheduling strategy by the heliostat of whole Jing Chang simultaneously to heat dump centre focus, heat dump table
Face flux-density distribution is uneven, in Gaussian Profile, reduces heat exchange efficiency, reduces the heat dump life-span；
2nd, existing focusing scheduling strategy is designed for theory Jing Chang mostly, the consideration in terms of lacking to power station operation, such as
The impact that the climatic factors such as geographical position wind speed at mirror place, cloud layer amount are focused on to heliostat solar tracking is not considered in scheduling process,
Can not the luminous power according to needed for heliostat field state parameter and therrmodynamic system complete intelligent scheduling；
3rd, adopt genetic algorithm as a kind of Stochastic Optimization Algorithms based on colony existing scheduling strategy, it is right to need more
Variable global search is made every effort to find optimum optimization solution, but its convergence rate when this population size in tower mirror field is larger is slower,
It is unable to reach requirement of real-time of the tower scheduling to algorithm.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method, the tune
Degree method luminous power with reference to needed for wind speed, cloud layer amount weather prognosis data, heliostat field state parameter and therrmodynamic system sets up mirror
Field scheduling mathematic model, by the optical imagery relation for emulating the sun, heliostat, heat dump, obtains heat dump surface energy stream close
The distribution situation of degree, using greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm mixing dispatching algorithm efficiency is improved, and by GPU (Graphic
Processing Unit) it is parallel acceleration that graphics process realizes optically focused simulation and prediction, can be design and the fortune in actual power station
Row provides reference.
A kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method, and to solve that focussing uniformity is poor, scheduling can not comprehensive meteorology bar
Part, the technical problem of consideration and simulation calculating poor real in terms of lacking to power station operation specifically includes following technology step
Suddenly：
Step one, by heat dump gridding, by heliostat field modularization, and determine focusing corresponding relation；
Further, the heat dump gridding is to set up model according to heat dump actual size, and model is carried out just
Square matrix is divided into zones of different；
Further, the heliostat field modularization refers to Jing Chang from the close-by examples to those far off, carries out Module Division；
Used as a kind of illustration, the basic principle of the Module Division is：More remote heliostat module correspondence is absorbed heat
Device central point, nearlyer heliostat module correspondence heat dump border mesh central point, to reach homogenization distribution can be flowed；
Step 2, call the climatic prediction information such as solar irradiance, cloud layer amount and wind speed；
Call the climatic prediction information in the longitude and latitude run time of power station place；
The solar irradiance is originally inputted energy-flux density for determination；
The cloud layer amount is used to determine by the heliostat field region of cloud cover, and heliostat is carried out into reasonable distribution；
The wind speed is used to analyze settled date mirror type error, makes simulation analysis closer to power station actual operating mode；
Step 3, according to determine moment position of sun, heliostat position, each heat dump grid element center position determine projection close
System, analyzes heat dump surface energy flux density；
Further, solar direction vector is determined by the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun, i.e., incident vector；
Further, reflective vector is determined by heliostat and heat dump grid element center position, and is obtained according to reflection law
To normal line vector, and then the incidence angle and angle of reflection of the moment sunshine can be obtained, be thrown according to the angle random and spread light, be led to
Cross operational tool and calculate heat dump surface energy flux density distributed data；
Used as a kind of illustration, the operational tool adopts GPU arithmetic units, and designs under MATLAB language environments
Calculation procedure；
Step 4, it is overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function；
Further, constraints need to be followed when the object function is designed, i.e., described object function is less than heating power system
The peak load value of system, and make heat dump surface energy flux density most uniform using minimum heliostat；
Further, the greedy solution of scheduling problem is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space is generated and with changing according to the solution
The Genetic algorithm searching for entering；
Further, using binary coding, the state of every face heliostat is represented with a binary position, and 1 represents
Select, 0 expression is not selected；
Further, the mutation probability P in the genetic algorithm is mademChange automatically with fitness, such as shown in formula (1)：
Further, the algorithm flow for being overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function is specific as follows：
Flow process 1：Given initial parameter, makes t=0；
Used as a kind of illustration, the initial parameter includes：Maximum iteration time T, population size N, mutation probability Pm
Deng；
Flow process 2：Approximate optimal solution Q is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space U is generated according to the solution, and calculated greedy in U
Greedy solution q；
Flow process 3：The Encoded Chromosomes in the U of space, randomly generate initial population pop, wherein there is individual xt 1…xt N, order
x0 N=q；
Flow process 4：Calculate fitness value fit (x individual in colony popt 1) ..., fit (xt N), and arrange individual by the value
Sequence, best is optimum individual, and worst is worst individuality；
Flow process 5：Many Parent Crossovers are carried out to colony, colony pop1 is produced, according to mutation probability PmPop1 is carried out adaptive
Should make a variation, produce new colony pop2；
Flow process 6：Calculate fitness value individual in pop2, PbestFor optimum individual, PworstFor worst individuality, with pop2
Optimum individual replace worst individuality in pop, obtain colony pop3；
Flow process 7：Individuality in pop3 is sorted by fitness value, Pbest' be optimum individual, Pworst' it is worst individuality.If
fit(q)>fit(Pworst'), the worst individuality in pop3 is replaced with q, obtain colony P of future generationnew；
Flow process 8：If t<T, makes t=t+1, pop=Pnew, turn of tidal stream journey 4, if t is ＞ T, turn of tidal stream journey 9；
Flow process 9：Stop computing, obtain optimum individual, export heliostat selection result, and calculate energy-flux density on heat dump
Distribution；
The present invention realize beneficial effect be：
(1) heliostat smart allocation is pointed to into heat dump zones of different, it is to avoid while focusing on sensing center causes local mistake
Heat, forms the energy flow distribution of Gaussian form, and population mean energy-flux density is low, and heat exchange efficiency is low；
(2) the actual face type error of heliostat is considered, with reference to weather letters such as solar irradiance, cloud layer prediction and wind speed
Breath, supplements in time according to therrmodynamic system ruuning situation and withdraws heliostat, to reach system optimum performance；
(3) with reference to greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm, each advantage is used in mixed way the two, reaches Jing Chang and dispatches to algorithm
Requirement of real-time, to improve the efficiency of dispatching algorithm.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method；
Fig. 2 is the tower type solar heat dump gridding methods signal that a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the tower type solar mirror field modularization subregion schematic diagram that a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method；
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with each reality of the accompanying drawing to the present invention
The mode of applying is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment of the invention,
In order that reader more fully understands the application and proposes many ins and outs.But, even if without these ins and outs and base
Many variations and modification in following embodiment, it is also possible to realize each claim of the application technical side required for protection
Case.
Referring to figs. 1 to shown in Fig. 3, a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method, and to solve, focussing uniformity is poor, tune
Degree is unable to Comprehensive Meteorological Conditions, the technical problem of consideration and simulation calculating poor real in terms of lacking to power station operation, tool
Body includes following technical step：
Step one, by heat dump gridding, by heliostat field modularization, and determine focusing corresponding relation；
Further, the heat dump gridding is to set up model according to heat dump actual size, and model is carried out just
Square matrix is divided into zones of different；
Further, the heliostat field modularization refers to Jing Chang from the close-by examples to those far off, carries out Module Division；
Used as a kind of illustration, the basic principle of the Module Division is：More remote heliostat module correspondence is absorbed heat
Device central point, nearlyer heliostat module correspondence heat dump border mesh central point, to reach homogenization distribution can be flowed；
Step 2, call the climatic prediction information such as solar irradiance, cloud layer amount and wind speed；
Call the climatic prediction information in the longitude and latitude run time of power station place；
The solar irradiance is originally inputted energy-flux density for determination；
The cloud layer amount is used to determine by the heliostat field region of cloud cover, and heliostat is carried out into reasonable distribution；
The wind speed is used to analyze settled date mirror type error, makes simulation analysis closer to power station actual operating mode；
Step 3, according to determine moment position of sun, heliostat position, each heat dump grid element center position determine projection close
System, analyzes heat dump surface energy flux density；
Further, solar direction vector is determined by the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun, i.e., incident vector；
Further, reflective vector is determined by heliostat and heat dump grid element center position, and is obtained according to reflection law
To normal line vector, and then the incidence angle and angle of reflection of the moment sunshine can be obtained, be thrown according to the angle random and spread light, be led to
Cross operational tool and calculate heat dump surface energy flux density distributed data；
Used as a kind of illustration, the operational tool adopts GPU arithmetic units, and designs under MATLAB language environments
Calculation procedure；
Step 4, it is overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function；
Further, constraints need to be followed when the object function is designed, i.e., described object function is less than heating power system
The peak load value of system, and make heat dump surface energy flux density most uniform using minimum heliostat；
Further, the greedy solution of scheduling problem is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space is generated and with changing according to the solution
The Genetic algorithm searching for entering；
Further, using binary coding, the state of every face heliostat is represented with a binary position, and 1 represents
Select, 0 expression is not selected；
Further, the mutation probability P in the genetic algorithm is mademChange automatically with fitness, such as shown in formula (1)：
Further, the algorithm flow for being overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function is specific as follows：
Flow process 1：Given initial parameter, makes t=0；
Used as a kind of illustration, the initial parameter includes：Maximum iteration time T, population size N, mutation probability Pm
Deng；
Flow process 2：Approximate optimal solution Q is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space U is generated according to the solution, and calculated greedy in U
Greedy solution q；
Flow process 3：The Encoded Chromosomes in the U of space, randomly generate initial population pop, wherein there is individual xt 1…xt N, order
x0 N=q；
Flow process 4：Calculate fitness value fit (x individual in colony popt 1) ..., fit (xt N), and arrange individual by the value
Sequence, best is optimum individual, and worst is worst individuality；
Flow process 5：Many Parent Crossovers are carried out to colony, colony pop1 is produced, according to mutation probability PmPop1 is carried out adaptive
Should make a variation, produce new colony pop2；
Flow process 6：Calculate fitness value individual in pop2, PbestFor optimum individual, PworstFor worst individuality, with pop2
Optimum individual replace worst individuality in pop, obtain colony pop3；
Flow process 7：Individuality in pop3 is sorted by fitness value, Pbest' be optimum individual, Pworst' it is worst individuality.If
fit(q)>fit(Pworst'), the worst individuality in pop3 is replaced with q, obtain colony P of future generationnew；
Flow process 8：If t<T, makes t=t+1, pop=Pnew, turn of tidal stream journey 4, if t is ＞ T, turn of tidal stream journey 9；
Flow process 9：Stop computing, obtain optimum individual, export heliostat selection result, and calculate energy-flux density on heat dump
Distribution；
The preferred embodiment of the present invention that illustrates below, preferably to illustrate of the invention experiments verify that after ideal effect：
Preferred embodiment 1：
The embodiment of the present invention is applied to one comprising 100 face 20m2The fan-shaped arrangement Jing Chang of heliostat, cavity type heat dump
The size of heating surface is 4m × 4m, and focus point limits frame size as 3.5m × 3.5m, chooses 5 focus points, as shown in Fig. 2 will
All heliostats focus on heat dump central point be not carried out homogenize focus program when, peak value energy-flux density be 1215kW/m2,
Mean sample-tree method is 75kW/m2；After implementing mirror field focusing strategy prioritization scheme proposed by the present invention, peak value energy-flux density is reduced to
120kW/m2, mean sample-tree method is then 69kW/m2；
Result shows before and after contrast, after intelligence of the invention focuses on scheduling strategy optimization, the peak value energy on heat dump surface
Current density reduces by 90%, it is to avoid the too high impact to therrmodynamic system of local temperature；Also, implement energy-flux density after the scheme of the invention
Distribution is changed into being uniformly distributed in whole heat dump surface by the overheated Gaussian Profile in center, realizes the effect of homogenization, and
Algorithm is used in mixed way using greed and genetic algorithm and increases substantially dispatching algorithm efficiency, meter of the 100 face mirror scales based on GPU
Evaluation time is lifted to 15ms, improved efficiency 80% from initial 75ms.
Heliostat smart allocation is pointed to heat dump zones of different by the present invention, it is to avoid while focusing on sensing center causes local
It is overheated, the energy flow distribution of Gaussian form is formed, population mean energy-flux density is low, and heat exchange efficiency is low；And consider heliostat reality
Interphase type error, with reference to climatic informations such as solar irradiance, cloud layer prediction and wind speed, mends in time according to therrmodynamic system ruuning situation
Heliostat is filled and withdraws, to reach system optimum performance；With reference to greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm, each advantage mixes the two
Conjunction is used, and requirement of real-time of the Jing Chang scheduling to algorithm is reached, to improve the efficiency of dispatching algorithm.
Disclosed above is only a specific embodiment of the application, but the application is not limited to this, any this area
Technical staff can think change, all should fall in the protection domain of the application.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of tower type solar intelligently focuses on dispatching method, including following technical step：
Step one, by heat dump gridding, by heliostat field modularization, and determine focusing corresponding relation；
Step 2, call solar irradiance, cloud layer amount and wind speed climatic prediction information；When calling power station place longitude and latitude to run
Interior climatic prediction information；
The solar irradiance is originally inputted energy-flux density for determination；
The cloud layer amount is used to determine by the heliostat field region of cloud cover, and heliostat is carried out into reasonable distribution；
The wind speed is used to analyze settled date mirror type error, makes simulation analysis closer to power station actual operating mode；
Step 3, according to determining that moment position of sun, heliostat position, each heat dump grid element center position determine projection relation,
Analysis heat dump surface energy flux density；
Solar direction vector is determined by the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun, i.e., incident vector；
Reflective vector is determined by heliostat and heat dump grid element center position, and normal line vector is obtained according to reflection law, entered
And the incidence angle and angle of reflection of the moment sunshine can be obtained, thrown according to the angle random and spread light, by operational tool meter
Calculate heat dump surface energy flux density distributed data；
Step 4, it is overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function；
The greedy solution of scheduling problem is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space is generated according to the solution and is searched with Revised genetic algorithum
Rope；
And adopt the state of binary coding, every face heliostat to be represented with a binary position, 1 represents selection, and 0 represents not
Select；
Make the mutation probability P in the genetic algorithmmChange automatically with fitness, such as shown in formula (1)：
The algorithm flow for being overall optical power value on heat dump to the maximum object function is specific as follows：
Flow process 1：Given initial parameter, makes t=0；
Flow process 2：Approximate optimal solution Q is obtained using greedy algorithm, search space U is generated according to the solution, and calculate the greedy solution in U
q；
Flow process 3：The Encoded Chromosomes in the U of space, randomly generate initial population pop, wherein there is individual xt 1…xt N, make x0 N=
q；
Flow process 4：Calculate fitness value fit (x individual in colony popt 1) ..., fit (xt N), and by the value by individual sequence,
Best is optimum individual, and worst is worst individuality；
Flow process 5：Many Parent Crossovers are carried out to colony, colony pop1 is produced, according to mutation probability PmAdaptive strain is carried out to pop1
It is different, produce new colony pop2；
Flow process 6：Calculate fitness value individual in pop2, PbestFor optimum individual, PworstFor worst individuality, with pop2 most
Excellent individuality replaces the worst individuality in pop, obtains colony pop3；
Flow process 7：Individuality in pop3 is sorted by fitness value, Pbest' be optimum individual, Pworst' it is worst individuality.If fit
(q)>fit(Pworst'), the worst individuality in pop3 is replaced with q, obtain colony P of future generationnew；
Flow process 8：If t<T, makes t=t+1, pop=Pnew, turn of tidal stream journey 4, if t is ＞ T, turn of tidal stream journey 9；
Flow process 9：Stop computing, obtain optimum individual, export heliostat selection result, and calculate energy-flux density point on heat dump
Cloth.
2. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the heat dump
Gridding is to set up model according to heat dump actual size, and model is carried out into square matrices is divided into zones of different.
3. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the heliostat
Modularization refers to Jing Chang from the close-by examples to those far off, carries out Module Division.
4. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the target letter
Constraints need to be followed during number design, i.e., described object function is less than the peak load value of therrmodynamic system, and using minimum
Heliostat makes heat dump surface energy flux density most uniform.
5. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the module is drawn
Point basic principle be：More remote heliostat module correspondence heat dump central point, nearlyer heliostat module correspondence heat dump side
Hoddy lattice central point, to reach homogenization distribution can be flowed.
6. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the computing work
Tool adopts GPU arithmetic units, and designs calculation procedure under MATLAB language environments.
7. a kind of tower type solar according to claim 1 intelligently focuses on dispatching method, it is characterised in that the initial ginseng
Number includes：Maximum iteration time T, population size N, mutation probability Pm。
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