CN106646614B - Overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction - Google Patents
Overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the overlapping wave separation methods towards TEC time error correction, comprising: analyzes seismic data, Rational choice standard track；The cross-correlation coefficient of road to be separated and standard track, while sliding window are calculated, so that the waveform of the two is coincide substantially, calculates the quotient of amplitudes of road to be separated and standard track；The product of standard track and amplitude ratio is subtracted from road to be separated, thus removing first when window in Wave data influence；With same thinking, iteration separates remaining seismic wave, realizes the separation of overlapping wave, and isolated wave is combined according to the corresponding time difference；Seismic data after last output waveform separation.The present invention overcomes the deficiency in existing TEC time error correction method, make to overlap wavelength-division from eliminating nmo stretching effect, it is high that lineups smooth quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seism processing fields, and in particular to a kind of overlapping wavelength-division of achievable seismic wave TEC time error correction
From method.
Background technique
The TEC time error correction of seismic data, that is, the dynamic correction often said, are one of basic contents of seism processing,
Effect is the influence eliminated geophone offset to reflection seismic wave propagation time and divides the waveform of aliasing together at remote offset distance
It leaves and, smooth the reflection line-ups in CMP trace gather.Aliasing wave energy is no to be properly separated, it will is directly affected subsequent
The quality that migration imaging etc. science and engineering is made.Conventional correction procedure can not be smoothed there are lineups and be asked with large offseting distance stretch distortion etc.
Topic, and the seismic channel for the interference of waveform aliasing together, effect are especially poor.
The optimal time control of earthquake reflected wave are as follows:Wherein, t is seismic travel time, t0It is zero big gun
Away from back wave two-way travel time, x is geophone offset, v (t for inspection0) it is seimic wave velocity, usually root mean sequare velocity.
If underground medium is uniform dielectric, seimic wave velocity v is constant, if t01And t02It is that zero shot-geophone distance back wave is double
Journey hourage, and t01The first arrival of corresponding wavelet, corresponding t1And t2It is the seismic travel time that geophone offset is x respectively.
According to Order Derivatives in Differential Mid-Value Theorem:
t2-t1=f (t02)-f(t01)=f'(t0ε)(t02-t01)
Wherein, t0εFor t01And t02Between a bit.Then
Therefore t2-t1<t02-t01, that is, the wavelet lengths of the wavelet lengths of the nonzero-offset calculated and zero shot-geophone distance not phase
Deng.Similarly, non-uniform dielectric also has identical property.So seismic reflection data carries out conventional dynamic timing, geophone offset is removed
It is outside zero, signal will be always elongated in time, and different degrees of distortion can occur for waveform, this is objective reality in correction
The phenomenon that.
By dividing the dynamic correction of offset distance or the method for eliminating dynamic correction residual move out time lineups can be made to smooth, but still not
Wave distortion can be eliminated.It is this usually to occur at shallow-layer and cannon offset because of wave distortion caused by TEC time error correction, specifically
It shows as waveform to be elongated, frequency low frequency, and when lineups interfere with each other, together, correction mass is more for waveform aliasing
It is difficult to ensure.Common seismic Data processing will usually be stretched beyond a certain proportion of data truncation, the remote offset distance of such shallow-layer
The seismic data at place is serious most of removed because stretching, and degree of covering is caused to reduce and cannot be utilized well.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of realize at remote offset distance overlap wavelength-division from and effectively correction the time difference overlapping
Wave separation method.This method, which is essentially consisted in, determines the time difference mobile range according to sliding window cross-correlation, and layer-by-layer using waveform
The thought of removing avoids the generation of wave distortion, effectively realization TEC time error correction.Conventional dynamic bearing calibration is avoided because same
Wavelet takes different dynamic correction values, and the phenomenon that lead to stretch distortion.And for waveform overlapping area and lineups
The part of intersection, conventional method are unable to satisfy the demand of actual production processing.The overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction,
The time difference mobile range, and the thought successively removed using waveform are determined according to sliding window cross-correlation, avoid wave distortion
Generation.
The present invention is realized by following technical measures.
Overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction, the overlapping wave separation method include the following steps.
Step 1: selection standard road.
Step 2: window when dividing data
The different wave shape in comparative analysis road to be separated and standard track, according to the part of non-aliasing in wave group in road to be separated, choosing
Window when selecting data.
Step 3: sliding window calculates the cross-correlation coefficient of road to be separated and standard track, cross-correlation coefficient is made to reach threshold value
The waveform of standard, i.e., road to be separated and standard track coincide substantially.
Step 4: removing waveform
The quotient of amplitudes INR for calculating road to be separated and standard track, subtracts standard track and quotient of amplitudes INR from road to be separated
Product, thus selected in strip step 2 data when window in Wave data influence.
Step 5: repeating from Step 2 to Step 4, until separating the seismic wave of all aliasings together, realize overlapping wave
Separation.
Step 6: each seismic wave isolated being combined according to the corresponding time difference, and exports each road earthquake number
According to.
As optimal technical scheme, step 1 method particularly includes: the seismic data of input is analyzed, selection standard
Road, the standard of selection are that aliasing is not present in each waveform.
As optimal technical scheme, when selection standard road, the multiple tracks data investigation using near migration range waveform not aliasing is raw
At standard track.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 2, select data when window when, different wave need time window length have
Institute's difference should determine according to actual waveform feature method particularly includes: when selection data when window, the when window that different wave needs is long
Degree can difference, usual time window length is less than 300ms, when window boundary should avoid the wave crest and trough of strong amplitude.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 3, the calculation formula of cross-correlation coefficient is
In formula:
Cor indicates cross-correlation coefficient,
N indicates time window length,
w(tj) indicate road to be separated when window in data,
m(tj) indicate standard track when window in data.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 4, when removing waveform, the quotient of amplitudes of road to be separated and standard track is calculated
INR, subtracts the product of standard track and amplitude ratio from road to be separated, so that the influence of waveform in certain a period of time window is removed, it is specific to count
Calculate formula are as follows: w=w0-m*INR；
In formula: w is the data after separation, w0For road initial data to be separated, m is standard track data.
As optimal technical scheme, in the lower situation of seismic data signal-to-noise ratio, the calculation method of quotient of amplitudes INR
Are as follows: RMS amplitude ratio is calculated, with RMS amplitude than substitution quotient of amplitudes INR.
As optimal technical scheme, the seismic data noise is relatively low to refer to signal-to-noise ratio lower than 1.
As optimal technical scheme, when combining each seismic wave of separation in step 6, the corresponding time difference refers to reference
The time difference that when window data when cross-correlation determine.
Wave distortion phenomenon is not present compared with conventional waveform correction method in overlapping wave separation method in the present invention, can
The correction for effectively realizing aliasing waveform at remote offset distance meets the needs of lineups smoothing, while keeping each road seismic data
Relative amplitude relationships are constant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that there are the trace gather figures of waveform aliasing in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is that the result after dynamic correction is carried out to trace gather shown in Fig. 1 using the method for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the result after dynamic correction is carried out to trace gather shown in Fig. 1 using conventional method.
Fig. 4 is actual seismic data trace gather figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is that the result after dynamic correction is carried out to trace gather shown in Fig. 4 using conventional method.
Fig. 6 is that the result after dynamic correction is carried out to trace gather shown in Fig. 4 using the method for the present invention.
Fig. 7 is that correction trace gather and the dynamic correction trace gather figure using the method for the present invention are routinely moved in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
In the following, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1.A kind of overlapping wave separation method for TEC time error correction comprising following steps:
Step 1: the seismic data of input being analyzed, choosing each waveform, there is no the seismic channels of aliasing as standard
Road.
Step 2: the different wave shape in comparative analysis road to be separated and standard track, by shallow-layer to deep layer divide when window, according to
The waveform portion of non-aliasing determines time window length in separation road wave group.
Step 3: sliding window, when calculating single in window both road to be separated and standard track cross-correlation coefficient, make to point
It can coincide substantially from road and the waveform of standard track.
Step 4: calculating the quotient of amplitudes of road to be separated and standard track, standard track and amplitude ratio are subtracted from road to be separated
Product, to remove the influence of waveform in certain a period of time window.
Step 5: repeating step (2) and arrive step (4), until separating the seismic wave of all aliasings together, realize overlapping
The separation of wave；
Step 6: each seismic wave isolated is existed according to the corresponding time difference (referring to the when window data of cross-correlation) combination
Together, and each road seismic data is exported.
By the above specific step process, can achieve to seismic channel overlapping wavelength-division from purpose.
Fig. 1 is the original trace gather that the embodiment of the present invention 1 uses.Fig. 2 is conventional dynamic correction as a result, near migration range shallow-layer is same
Phase axis is smoothed substantially, in, the lineups of remote offset distance stretch and can not smooth；The smoothing of deep layer lineups, but waveform stretching image
Obviously.Fig. 3 is using the method for the present invention as a result, two lineups can smooth, and the waveform of aliasing is also separated, and not
There is waveform stretching phenomenon.Compared with common seismic data TEC time error correction, same phase is able to solve using the present embodiment technical solution
Axis can not smooth the problems such as with large offseting distance stretch distortion.
Embodiment 2.Overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction, this method comprises:
Step 1, selection standard road, the multiple tracks data using near migration range waveform not aliasing are raw by conventional dynamic correct overlay
At standard track；
Step 2, window, the different wave shape in comparative analysis road to be separated and standard track, according to road wave to be separated when selection data
The part of non-aliasing in group, window when reasonable selection；
Step 3, sliding window makes cross-correlation coefficient reach threshold value standard, and the waveform of road to be separated and standard track is kissed substantially
It closes, calculates the quotient of amplitudes of road to be separated and standard track；
Step 4, the product of standard track and amplitude ratio is subtracted from road to be separated, thus Wave data in window when removing some
Influence；
Step 5, step 2 to 4 is repeated, until separating the seismic wave of all aliasings together, realizes the separation of overlapping wave；
Step 6, each seismic wave isolated is combined according to the corresponding time difference, and exports each road earthquake number
According to.
In step 4, with RMS amplitude than replacement quotient of amplitudes, remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.Fig. 4 is of the invention
The original trace gather of the use of embodiment 2, Fig. 5 is conventional dynamic correction as a result, lineups are smoothed substantially, but the lineups of cannon offset
It is wider than at nearly geophone offset, illustrate that waveform is stretched.Fig. 6 is using the method for the present invention as a result, lineups are all leveling, far partially
It moves the waveform away from aliasing to be separated, and does not occur waveform stretching phenomenon.
Embodiment 3.A kind of overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction.The overlapping wave separation method includes:
Step 1, seismic data is analyzed, Rational choice standard track；
Step 2, window, the different wave shape in comparative analysis road to be separated and standard track, according to road wave to be separated when selection data
The part of non-aliasing in group, window when reasonable selection；
Step 3, the cross-correlation coefficient of road to be separated and standard track, while sliding window are calculated, keeps the waveform of the two basic
It coincide, calculates the quotient of amplitudes of road to be separated and standard track；
Step 4, the product of standard track and amplitude ratio is subtracted from road to be separated, thus Wave data in window when removing some
Influence；
Step 5, step 2 to 4 is repeated, until separating the seismic wave of all aliasings together, realizes the separation of overlapping wave；
Step 6, each seismic wave isolated is combined according to the corresponding time difference, and exports each road earthquake number
According to.
Fig. 7 is the comparing result of the embodiment of the present invention 3: left figure is conventional dynamic correction as a result, 1.08 seconds and 1.75 seconds
There are apparent lineups bending and waveform stretching phenomenon；Right figure is using the method for the present invention as a result, lineups are all leveling, far
The waveform of offset distance aliasing is separated, and does not occur waveform stretching phenomenon.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (8)
1. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction, it is characterised in that:
The overlapping wave separation method includes the following steps:
Step 1: selection standard road；
Step 2: window when dividing data
The different wave shape in comparative analysis road to be separated and standard track selects number according to the part of non-aliasing in wave group in road to be separated
According to when window；
Step 3: sliding window calculates the cross-correlation coefficient of road to be separated and standard track, and cross-correlation coefficient is made to reach threshold value standard,
Road i.e. to be separated and the waveform of standard track coincide substantially；
Step 4: removing waveform
The quotient of amplitudes INR for calculating road to be separated and standard track subtracts multiplying for standard track and quotient of amplitudes INR from road to be separated
Product, thus selected in strip step 2 data when window in Wave data influence；
Step 5: repeating from Step 2 to Step 4, until separating the seismic wave of all aliasings together, realize the separation of overlapping wave；
Step 6: each seismic wave isolated being combined according to the corresponding time difference, and exports each road seismic data.
2. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the specific side of step 1
Method are as follows: the seismic data of input is analyzed, selection standard road, the standard of selection is that aliasing is not present in each waveform.
3. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: when selection standard road,
Using near migration range waveform not aliasing multiple tracks data investigation generate standard track.
4. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2, selection
When data when window, time window length that different wave needs can difference, usual time window length is less than 300ms, when window boundary answer
Avoid the wave crest and trough of strong amplitude.
5. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, mutually
The calculation formula of relationship number is
In formula:
Cor indicates cross-correlation coefficient,
N indicates time window length,
w(tj) indicate road to be separated when window in data,
m(tj) indicate standard track when window in data.
6. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4, removing
When waveform, the quotient of amplitudes INR of road to be separated and standard track is calculated, multiplying for standard track and amplitude ratio is subtracted from road to be separated
Product, to remove the influence of waveform in certain a period of time window, specific formula for calculation are as follows: w=w0-m*INR
In formula: w is the data after separation, w0For road initial data to be separated, m is standard track data.
7. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in seismic data noise
In the case where relatively low, the calculation method of quotient of amplitudes INR are as follows: RMS amplitude ratio is calculated, with RMS amplitude than substituting
Quotient of amplitudes INR, the seismic data noise is relatively low to refer to signal-to-noise ratio lower than 1.
8. the overlapping wave separation method towards TEC time error correction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: combination point in step 6
From each seismic wave when, time difference that when window data when the corresponding time difference refers to referring to cross-correlation determine.
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| CN108957553B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-08-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for dynamic correction without stretching distortion by recursion correction of dynamic correction value |
| CN111175826B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2022-03-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method |
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| CN103792579A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Dynamic correction method for suppressing dynamic correction stretching |
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| US20060227662A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-10-12 | Richard Foy | Stretch free trace processing using block move sum and phase-based move out corrected data |
| US9671511B2 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2017-06-06 | Cgg Services Sas | Horizontal streamer broadband marine seismic acquisition configuration and processing |
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| CN102193109A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-09-21 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Direct prestack time migration method for three-dimensional seismic data acquired from irregular surfaces |
| CN102854533A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wave field separation principle based denoising method for increasing signal to noise ratio of seismic data |
| CN103792579A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Dynamic correction method for suppressing dynamic correction stretching |
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