CN106645552B - Building outer facade fire behavior test device - Google Patents
Building outer facade fire behavior test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106645552B CN106645552B CN201611199317.8A CN201611199317A CN106645552B CN 106645552 B CN106645552 B CN 106645552B CN 201611199317 A CN201611199317 A CN 201611199317A CN 106645552 B CN106645552 B CN 106645552B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building outer facade fireproof performance test device which comprises a simulation main wall, a combustor, simulation wing walls, a net frame, a heat flow sensor and a thermocouple sensor hole site, wherein the lower part of the simulation main wall is provided with a window, the combustor is arranged beside the simulation main wall and is provided with an opening communicated with the window, the combustor is arranged in the combustor, the simulation wing walls are arranged at two sides of the simulation main wall, the net frame is arranged in a space formed by the simulation main wall and two simulation wing walls, the heat flow sensor is arranged on the net frame and is used for measuring heat flow density in real time, the thermocouple sensor hole site is used for measuring temperature, and the environment air supply device is positioned right in front of the two simulation wing walls. Compared with the prior art, the simulation test device for the fireproof performance of the building facade component in different high-rise and super-high-rise building facade forms and in different environment wind speed environments can provide an important test model aiming at the coupling effect influence of the building facade forms and the external environment wind speeds on the opening overflow flame characteristics and the influence of the building facade fireproof performance, and fills the blank in the industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire engineering, in particular to a building outer facade fireproof performance test device.
Background
With the continuous development of the economy in China, high-rise/super high-rise buildings are continuously emerging, and the fire safety problem of the high-rise/super high-rise buildings is also increasingly valued. After a fire disaster occurs in a high-rise/super high-rise building, fuel incompletely burns components to form overflowing flames through vertical openings of outer walls such as windows, and the combustible heat insulation materials on the outer walls are likely to be ignited, or the upper glass curtain wall is likely to be broken, so that multi-floor fire spread is caused. In recent years, a plurality of fire accidents at home and abroad show that the fire disaster of the high-rise building is difficult to put out, the fire disaster is difficult to be controlled rapidly, and serious property loss and casualties are extremely easy to cause. The outer vertical surface is found to be an important way for rapid spreading of fire in high-rise buildings from cases in recent years, so that the research on the overflow behavior characteristics of opening fires under different external environment winds and different outer vertical surface forms and the influence thereof on the fireproof performance of the outer vertical surface of the building is very important to the fire safety of the high-rise buildings.
At present, the "building design fireproof standard" (GB 50016-2006) and the "high-rise civil building design fireproof standard" (GB 50045-952005) in China are related regulations formulated for preventing fire caused by external wall heat insulation materials, specific contents for the design of the fireproof structure of the external wall of the building are not provided in the regulations, and even the latest "building design fireproof standard" (GB 50016-2014) only provides requirements for the heat insulation of the external wall of the civil building and the combustion performance of the heat insulation materials adopted in decoration of the external wall of the civil building.
In addition, the building window and the outer wall where the opening is positioned may form an L-shaped outer vertical surface with the other side adjacent to the single-side wing wall, and the vertical spreading of overflow flame may be aggravated. The actual fire case indicates that the thermal hazard of flame flooding to the exterior wall face may be more severe when another wing wall is present near the exterior wall opening. Therefore, the research on the influence of external construction forms of different types of building facades, fixed structures such as windows and the like and external environment wind speed on the overflow flame behavior of the building is necessary to be carried out, and theoretical support and reference are provided for fireproof designs such as high-rise building facades and the like.
In view of the complexity and variability of fire phenomena, the fireproof performance of the building facade is mainly simulated and researched through a reduced-size experiment, so that the influence of the building facade form, the window area size, the environment wind speed and the like on the overflow flame behavior of the building is mainly obtained.
Similar design researches are proposed in the prior art, but the requirements of the building outer elevation type fireproof performance simulation test device cannot be met. For example, patent application No. 201510133068.1 discloses a simulation experiment device for fireproof structures of building outer walls and performances thereof, which is designed by horizontal baffles, vertical baffles and the like of the building outer walls, and is used for mainly researching fireproof performance and influence mechanism research of fireproof structures of the building outer walls, such as horizontal baffles, vertical baffles and fireproof isolation belts on flame behaviors of outer facades, and fireproof performance research of heat insulation materials of the building outer walls and fireproof performance research under the condition of various complex fireproof structures of the building outer walls, and cannot be used for simulating simulation experiments of side wall spacing change, window size change and fire source heat release rate measurement of the building outer facades. As disclosed in patent application No. 200910184963.0, an urban building outer wall fire simulation experiment device is disclosed, which is designed by a slope plate to focus on researching the influence of indoor overflow fire on the building outer wall surface and the experiment and research equipment of flame behavior under the condition of limited adjacent slope, wherein the research focus is on the influence of the inclined plane outside the building on the building, and the experiment cannot be used for simulating the influence of structural forms such as building outer elevation and the like on overflow flame behavior. As the patent application number 201010580927.9 also discloses a fire experiment device of a building external wall heat insulation system, the device researches fire spreading rules and fire spreading inhibition measures of the building external wall heat insulation material, and the research focuses on the dynamic and rules of fire spreading under the influence of the structure of the building external wall, but cannot simulate the flame behavior experiment under the situation of double side wing walls.
In summary, how to develop a test device under consideration of multi-factor coupling to develop the flame characteristics of the facade opening under the action of different facade forms and environmental wind and the corresponding fire prevention and control technical research has become one of the technical problems that the skilled person needs to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides a building facade fireproof performance test device which can simulate and test the fireproof performance of a typical building facade in a construction mode and under different environmental wind speeds.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a building facade fire behavior test device, including the lower part is equipped with the simulation main wall of window, set up at this simulation main wall side and be equipped with the open-ended combustion chamber with the window intercommunication, place in this combustion chamber, be used for burning and produce the flame and by the combustor subassembly that the opening overflows, the simulation wing wall of setting in simulation main wall both sides, the rack in the space that simulation main wall and two simulation wing walls formed, the heat flow sensor of setting on the rack, be used for measuring the simulation main wall on the real time heat flow density, the thermocouple sensor hole site of setting on the rack and be close to the simulation main wall, be used for measuring the temperature in the space that simulation main wall and two simulation wing walls formed, and be located two simulation wing walls in place ahead, be used for producing the ambient wind and evenly spray to the ambient wind air supply arrangement in the space that constitutes by simulation main wall and two simulation wing walls with the wind speed of 0 ~ 20 m/s.
Specifically, the environmental wind supply device comprises an environmental wind field simulation unit and a control system; the environment wind field simulation unit comprises a shell right in front of the two simulation wing walls, and a variable speed fan, an electric air valve, a rectification grid and an air supply duct which are sequentially arranged in the shell; the variable speed fans are at least corresponding to the three electric air valves, the rectifying grids and the air supply air channels are the same in number and are in one-to-one correspondence with the electric air valves, spherical nozzles are arranged at the tail ends of each air supply air channel, and the spherical nozzles are opposite to the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls; the electric air valve is a single-shaft rectangular air valve, and the valve body can freely rotate within the range of 0-90 degrees; the number of the spherical nozzles at the tail end of each air supply duct is not less than three, the spherical nozzles are uniformly distributed, each nozzle can output 0-20 m/s of air speed, and the air supply angle can be adjusted within the range of plus or minus 30 degrees through a manual or actuating mechanism; the control system is connected with the variable speed fan, the electric air valve and the spherical nozzle at the same time.
Further, the number of the spherical nozzles is at least nine, and the spherical nozzles are distributed in a grid shape.
Still further, environment wind field simulation unit quantity is two at least, and connects according to tiling or upper and lower superimposed mode, and all environment wind field simulation units are supported by a support to the bottom of support still is equipped with the universal wheel.
Specifically speaking, adjustment mechanism is including setting up in the combustion chamber, and be located the vertical guide rail on opening both sides, with two vertical guide rail sliding connection's last movable plate simultaneously, with two vertical guide rail sliding connection's lower movable plate, with last movable plate and lower movable plate sliding connection's left movable plate simultaneously to and with last movable plate and lower movable plate sliding connection's right movable plate simultaneously.
Specifically, the burner assembly includes a support disposed within a combustion chamber, a high precision weighing system disposed on the support, a support chassis disposed on the system, and a burner disposed on the support chassis.
Still further, the invention also comprises a guide rail which is simultaneously connected with the two simulated wing walls in a sliding way and is used for enabling the distance between the two simulated wing walls to be changed.
In order to facilitate the movement of the environmental wind supply device, universal wheels with braking devices are arranged on the periphery of the bottom of the shell.
Specifically, the control system comprises an air speed acquisition instrument, a control cabinet and a computer; the control cabinet is connected with a variable speed fan, an electric air valve and a spherical nozzle in the environmental wind field simulation unit at the same time; the wind speed acquisition instrument is positioned at the front end of the spherical nozzle and is used for feeding back the acquired wind speed value to the computer, and the computer is connected with the control cabinet and is used for controlling the rotating speed of the variable speed fan, the opening degree of the electric air valve and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle through the control cabinet so that the air supply speed and the air supply direction of each air supply channel are stabilized at preset values.
Preferably, the hole diameter of the thermocouple sensor is 3mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention has reasonable design and convenient operation, well simulates the coupling effect influence of structural forms such as environmental wind speed, high-rise building outer elevation and the like on overflow flame behaviors through the arrangement of the simulated main wall, the simulated wing wall, the combustion chamber, the window, the net rack and the environmental wind supply device, fills the blank in the industry, has strong flexible test operation and repeatability and high data accuracy, and has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.
(2) The environmental wind supply device provided by the invention can simulate the environmental wind fields with different wind speeds and directions at a plurality of heights according to the change rule of the environmental wind field along with the height, and more truly reflects the distribution characteristics of the environmental wind fields of the outer facades of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings.
(3) The air supply end of the environment air supply device adopts a spherical nozzle, has the excellent characteristics of long air supply distance and slow speed decay, and can provide an environment wind field meeting the speed requirement for the outer facade of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings on the premise of ensuring the safe distance between the environment wind field simulation system and a reduced scale or full-scale fire building when a fire test is carried out.
(4) The environment wind field simulation units can be arranged in a plurality, and the environment wind field simulation units are quickly combined and spliced through the support, so that the environment wind field simulation units are convenient for modularized and standardized production. Meanwhile, the air supply sections can be combined into geometric shapes such as a rectangle, a triangle or a trapezoid according to the requirements, and the air supply section can be applied to building outer elevation opening forms with various complex geometric shapes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of the components in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the grid in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an environmental wind blowing device in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a spherical nozzle according to the present invention.
Wherein, the spare part names that the reference numerals correspond are:
the device comprises a main simulation wall, a wing simulation wall, a combustion chamber, a grid simulation, a thermocouple, a heat flux density sensor hole site, a window, a vertical guide rail, an upper moving plate, a lower moving plate, a left moving plate, a right moving plate, a guide rail, a speed changing fan, a motor-driven air valve, a rectification grid, an air supply channel, a spherical nozzle, a bracket, a universal wheel, a wind speed collector, a 21-control cabinet and a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
As shown in figures 1-6, the invention provides a simulation test device for testing fireproof performance of building facades in different high-rise and super high-rise buildings, which comprises a simulation main wall 1, a simulation wing wall 2, a combustion chamber 3, a net rack 5 and an adjusting mechanism. The lower part of the simulation main wall 1 is provided with a window 6, the combustion chamber 3 is arranged beside the simulation main wall 1, and an opening communicated with the window 6 is arranged on the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber 2 is used for simulating combustion, thereby generating flames, and overflows onto the simulated main wall 1 via the window 6. Specifically, a burner assembly is arranged in the combustion chamber 2, and comprises a bracket arranged in the combustion chamber 3, a high-precision weighing system arranged on the bracket, a bracket chassis arranged on the system and a burner arranged on the bracket chassis; the high-precision weighing system can measure the mass change of the burner on the bracket chassis through the bracket. The adjusting mechanism is used for changing the size of the opening on the combustion chamber so as to realize the simulation research on the influence of building overflow flame, and specifically comprises vertical guide rails 7 arranged in the combustion chamber 3 and positioned at two sides of the opening, an upper moving plate 8 slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails, a lower moving plate 9 slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails, a left moving plate 10 slidingly connected with the upper moving plate 8 and the lower moving plate 9, and a right moving plate 11 slidingly connected with the upper moving plate 8 and the lower moving plate 9. The size of the opening can be changed by adjusting the distance between the up-and-down moving plates or the left-and-right moving plates.
The number of the simulation wing walls 2 is two, and the simulation wing walls are respectively arranged at two sides of the simulation main wall 1 and horizontally correspond to each other. In this embodiment, the two simulated wing walls slide with a guide rail 12 at the same time, so that the left and right movement of the two simulated wing walls can be realized, thereby changing the distance between the two simulated wing walls and realizing the study of the overflow flame behavior of the distance change of the wing walls. Meanwhile, the simulation wing wall can be made of fireproof glass, so that the flame form can be directly observed.
The net rack 4 is arranged in a space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls, a heat flow sensor is arranged on the net rack, real-time measurement of heat flow density on the simulation main wall can be realized in the test, thermocouple sensor hole sites 5 (with the diameter of 8 mm) are uniformly distributed on one side, close to the simulation main wall 1, of the net rack 4, and real-time measurement of temperature in the space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls can be realized in the test.
The environment wind supply device is used for simulating an outdoor wind field, and on the premise of combining external environment wind, the invention can more truly simulate the behavior of overflow flames of a certain outer facade of a high-rise building and a super high-rise building, and then the heat flow density and the temperature on the simulated main wall are respectively measured in real time by the heat flow sensor and the thermocouple so as to obtain real and accurate data. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, specifically, the environmental wind blowing device includes an environmental wind field simulation unit and a control system; the environment wind field simulation unit comprises a shell right in front of the two simulation wing walls, and a variable speed fan 13, an electric air valve 14, a rectification grid 15 and an air supply duct 16 which are sequentially arranged in the shell; the variable speed fans 13 at least correspond to the three electric air valves 14, the rectifying grids 15 and the air supply air channels 16 are the same in number and one-to-one corresponding to the electric air valves 14, spherical nozzles 17 are arranged at the tail ends of each air supply air channel 16, and the spherical nozzles 17 are opposite to the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls; the electric air valve 14 is a single-shaft rectangular air valve, and the valve body can freely rotate within the range of 0-90 degrees.
In this embodiment, the number of spherical nozzles 17 at the end of each air supply duct 16 is not less than three, and the spherical nozzles are uniformly distributed, each nozzle can output a wind speed of 0-20 m/s, and the air supply angle can be adjusted within the range of plus or minus 30 degrees by a manual or actuating mechanism.
The control system is used for controlling the air supply speed and the air direction and comprises an air speed acquisition instrument 20, a control cabinet 21 and a computer 22. The control cabinet 21 is connected with the variable speed fan 13, the electric air valve 14 and the spherical nozzle 17 in the environmental wind field simulation unit at the same time; the wind speed acquisition instrument 20 is located at the front end of the spherical nozzle 17 and is used for feeding back the acquired wind speed value to the computer 22, the computer 22 is connected with the control cabinet 21 and is used for controlling the rotating speed of the variable speed fan 13, the opening degree of the electric air valve 14 and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle 17 through the control cabinet 21 so that the air supply speed and the air supply direction of each air supply channel are stabilized at preset values.
When the environment air supply device is used, the variable speed fan 13 is started, the wind speed collecting instrument 20 positioned at the front end of the spherical nozzle 17 feeds back the collected wind speed value to the computer 22, and the computer 22 controls the rotating speed of the variable speed fan 13, the opening degree of the electric air valve 14 and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle 17 through the control cabinet 21, so that the air supply speed and the air supply direction of each air supply channel are stabilized at preset values. When the invention is used for a full-length fire test to simulate the actual outdoor environment wind field of a fire layer, as the wind speed is less changed in the vertical direction, all the electric air valves 14 can be set to be fully opened, and the air supply quantity of all the variable speed fans is set to be the same required air quantity so as to provide an air supply surface with uniform wind speed. When the invention is used for a reduced-scale fire test to simulate the environmental wind field of the outer facade of the whole building, the opening degree of the electric air valve in each air supply channel can be adjusted to set the air supply speeds at different heights to be the required sizes.
In addition, in order to better simulate the fire performance simulation test of the high-rise building, the number of the environmental wind field simulation units is at least two, and the environmental wind field simulation units are connected in a flat or up-down overlapping manner (for example, a flat or up-down overlapping manner is shown in fig. 5), all the environmental wind field simulation units are supported by one support 18, and the bottom of the support is further provided with universal wheels 19. Therefore, outdoor wind speeds with different magnitudes can be set at a plurality of heights according to the change rule of the environmental wind along with the height (namely, different wind speed values are simulated at different heights at the same time), so that the external wind fields of real high-rise and super-high-rise buildings are simulated (because the positions or the heights of all the environmental wind blowing devices are different, the blown wind speeds and wind fields are different, and the external wind fields of the real high-rise and super-high-rise buildings can be simulated exactly).
According to the invention, through reasonable structural design and by utilizing the opening on the combustion chamber and the design of the window on the simulated main wall, the fire scene of indoor overflow fire and the fireproof performance research under different building facade situations can be realized. Through the design of the left and right, up and down movable plates of the window, the air supply speed of the environmental air supply device and the size of the wind field, the influence of the environmental air of the outer facade of different high-rise buildings and the window opening form on the overflow flame behavior can be studied. And through the movable installation of the two simulated wing walls and the adjustment of the interval positions of the two simulated wing walls, the research of the influence of the simulated wing walls on the overflow flame behavior of the outer facade of the building can be realized. The invention can be said to well realize the multi-parameter coupling test simulation research of the influence of the high-rise and ultra-high-rise external environment wind speed, the change of the space between the wing walls of the outer facade of the building on the overflow flame behavior and the influence of the window area change on the overflow flame, solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide references for the fire safety design of the high-rise and ultra-high-rise buildings.
The above embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the modifications or color changes that are not significant in the spirit and scope of the main body design of the present invention are still consistent with the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The building outer facade fireproof performance test device is characterized by comprising a simulation main wall (1) with a window (6) at the lower part, a combustion chamber (3) which is arranged beside the simulation main wall (1) and is provided with an opening communicated with the window, a burner assembly which is arranged in the combustion chamber and is used for burning to generate flame and overflows from the opening, simulation wing walls (2) which are arranged at two sides of the simulation main wall (1), a net rack (4) which is arranged in a space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls, a heat flow sensor which is arranged on the net rack (4) and is used for measuring the heat flow density on the simulation main wall in real time, a thermocouple sensor hole site (5) which is arranged on the net rack (4) and is close to the simulation main wall (1) and is used for measuring the temperature in the space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls, and an environment wind blowing device which is arranged right in front of the two simulation wing walls and is used for uniformly spraying environment wind to the space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls at a wind speed of 0-20 m/s; wherein the simulated wing wall (2) is fireproof glass;
the environmental wind supply device comprises an environmental wind field simulation unit and a control system; the environment wind field simulation unit comprises a shell right in front of the two simulation wing walls, and a variable speed fan (13), an electric air valve (14), a rectification grid (15) and an air supply duct (16) which are sequentially arranged in the shell; the variable speed fans (13) are at least corresponding to the three electric air valves (14), the rectifying grids (15) and the air supply air channels (16) are the same as the electric air valves (14) in number and are in one-to-one correspondence, the tail end of each air supply air channel (16) is provided with a spherical nozzle (17), and the spherical nozzle (17) is opposite to a space formed by the simulation main wall and the two simulation wing walls; the electric air valve (14) is a single-shaft rectangular air valve, and the valve body can freely rotate within the range of 0-90 degrees; the number of the spherical nozzles (17) at the tail end of each air supply duct (16) is not less than three, the spherical nozzles are uniformly distributed, each nozzle can output 0-20 m/s of air speed, and the air supply angle can be adjusted within the range of plus or minus 30 degrees through a manual or actuating mechanism; the control system is connected with the variable speed fan (13), the electric air valve (14) and the spherical nozzle (17) at the same time.
2. A fire protection performance test device for building facades according to claim 1, characterised in that the number of the spherical nozzles (17) is at least nine and is distributed in a grid shape.
3. The building facade fire protection performance test device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of the environmental wind field simulation units is at least two, and the environmental wind field simulation units are connected in a tiled or stacked manner, all the environmental wind field simulation units are supported by one bracket (18), and the bottom of the bracket is also provided with universal wheels (19).
4. A fire performance testing device for building facades according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the combustion chamber (3) is also provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the size of the opening.
5. The fire protection performance test device for building facades according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjusting mechanism comprises vertical guide rails (7) arranged in the combustion chamber (3) and positioned at two sides of the opening, an upper moving plate (8) slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails at the same time, a lower moving plate (9) slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails at the same time, a left moving plate (10) slidingly connected with the upper moving plate (8) and the lower moving plate (9) at the same time, and a right moving plate (11) slidingly connected with the upper moving plate (8) and the lower moving plate (9) at the same time.
6. A building facade fire protection performance test according to claim 5, characterised in that the burner assembly comprises a support arranged in the combustion chamber (3), a high precision weighing system placed on the support, a support chassis placed on the system, and a burner arranged on the support chassis.
7. A building facade fire protection performance test according to claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises a guide rail (12) for changing the distance between two simulated wing walls in sliding connection with both simulated wing walls.
8. The building facade fireproof performance test device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control system comprises a wind speed acquisition instrument (20), a control cabinet (21) and a computer (22); the control cabinet (21) is connected with a variable speed fan (13), an electric air valve (14) and a spherical nozzle (17) in the environment wind field simulation unit at the same time; the wind speed acquisition instrument (20) is positioned at the front end of the spherical nozzle (17) and is used for feeding back the acquired wind speed value to the computer (22), and the computer (22) is connected with the control cabinet (21) and is used for controlling the rotating speed of the variable speed fan (13), the opening degree of the electric air valve (14) and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle (17) through the control cabinet (21) so that the air supply speed and the air supply direction of each air supply channel are stabilized at preset values.
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| CN201611199317.8A CN106645552B (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | Building outer facade fire behavior test device |
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| CN201611199317.8A CN106645552B (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | Building outer facade fire behavior test device |
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| CN107621168B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-07-10 | 董奕含 | A kind of fire window fire resistance automatic test equipment |
| CN109100464B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-05-11 | 华侨大学 | Building wall insulation board fire burning characteristic testing device with adjustable complex configuration |
| CN118010915B (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-06-18 | 常州华阳检验检测技术有限公司 | A fire prevention fire behaviour check out test set for distributed photovoltaic module |
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