CN106644387A - Non-constant flow pipeline inner wall on-way resistance coefficient testing device and method - Google Patents
Non-constant flow pipeline inner wall on-way resistance coefficient testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-constant flow pipeline inner wall on-way resistance coefficient testing device comprising a high-level water tank, a low-level water tank, a wave height meter for measuring the time-varying change of water in the water tanks, a pressure sensor for measuring the water flow pressure intensity of a measured pipeline wall, and a computer for recording, processing and storing data. The high-level water tank is provided with a water outlet. The low-level water tank is provided with a water inlet and a water gate capable of opening or closing the water inlet. The wave height meter is composed of two wave height acquisition probes and a wave height processor, and the wave height processor is connected with the computer. The pressure sensor is composed of a pressure collector and a pressure transmitter, and the pressure transmitter is connected with the computer. Also provided is a non-constant flow pipeline inner wall on-way resistance coefficient testing method using the testing device of the present invention. The device and method can quickly and accurately test the on-way resistance coefficients of the inner wall of the pipeline corresponding to the different liquid flow rates under non-constant flow.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liquid measurement technology field, the more particularly to test device of inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient and survey
Method for testing.
Background technology
In pipeline liquid process, inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient is to characterize liquid along drag size suffered by journey
One dimension.The existing theoretical formula method of inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient when being laminar flow in pipeline, but inner-walls of duct is disorderly
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient during stream there is no so far theoretical formula method, need to be obtained by experiment test.Existing measure
The method of inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient is that steady flow is passed through into tested pipeline, and with flow measurement the flow of pipeline is obtained, and is used
Pressure-measuring pipe or pressure transducer measure the loss of flood peak, then calculate inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient.Due to this method one
The secondary inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient that can only be measured under a particular liquid flow velocity, thus it is different in flow rate right to obtain liquid
The inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient answered, the especially frictional resistant coefficient under turbulent-flow conditions, then need to carry out many experiments, not only
Operating time is long, and the accuracy tested also has to be hoisted.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided inner-walls of duct on-way resistance under a kind of unsteady flow
The test device and method of testing of coefficient, quickly and accurately to test out under unsteady flow corresponding to different liquids flow velocity
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow of the present invention, including high level water tank, low water
Position water tank, the wave-height gauge of situation is changed over for measuring Water in Water Tanks position, for measuring current suffered by tested pipeline tube wall
The pressure transducer of pressure and the computer for data record, process and storage；One lower sidewall of the high level water tank
Apopore is provided with, a lower sidewall of the low-level cistern is provided with inlet opening, and is provided with and can be turned on and off into water
The sluice in hole, low-level cistern with the side wall for arranging inlet opening is provided with osculum towards contrary sidewall bottom, and is equipped with
For blocking the stopper of osculum when having water-retention；The wave-height gauge is by two wave height acquisition probe and a wave height processing instrument group
Into during test, two wave height acquisition probe are separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern, and pass through transmission line respectively
It is connected with wave height processing instrument, the wave height processing instrument is connected with computer；The pressure transducer is by pressure acquisition device and pressure
Transmitter is constituted, and the quantity of pressure acquisition device is identical with the quantity of the pressure tap arranged on tested pipeline, and during test, each pressure is adopted
Storage is separately mounted on tested pipeline in the pressure tap of setting, and is connected with pressure transmitter by transmission line, the pressure
Power transmitter is connected with computer.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under above-mentioned unsteady flow, the low-level cistern arranges inlet opening
Side wall is sandwich, and the sluice is made up of gate and the carrying handle that is connected on gate, gate installation in the interlayer of side wall,
The handheld terminal of carrying handle extends the interlayer of side wall.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under above-mentioned unsteady flow, water outlet set by high level water tank lower sidewall
The central axis in the centrage in hole and the apopore place sidewall width direction simultaneously intersect, set by low-level cistern lower sidewall
The central axis in the centrage of inlet opening and the inlet opening place sidewall width direction simultaneously intersect, low-level cistern sidewall bottom
The central axis in the centrage of set osculum and the osculum place sidewall width direction simultaneously intersect.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under above-mentioned unsteady flow, the aperture of apopore set by high level water tank
Aperture=1.6d1～the 2d1 of inlet opening set by=low-level cistern, the centrage and high water level of apopore set by high level water tank
The centrage of inlet opening set by spacing=low-level cistern between tank bottom wall inner surface and low-level cistern diapire inner surface
Between spacing=2d1～3d1, the aperture=0.6d1～d1 of osculum set by low-level cistern, draining set by low-level cistern
Spacing between the centrage and low-level cistern diapire inner surface in hole is equal to the aperture of the osculum, and the d1 is tested pipeline
Internal diameter, unit is cm.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under above-mentioned unsteady flow, the length a1=width b1 of high level water tank
=50～70cm, the height c1=120～200cm of high level water tank；The length a2=width b2=30 of low-level cistern～
50cm, the height c2=90～150cm of low-level cistern.
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient method of testing under unsteady flow of the present invention, is filled using test of the present invention
Put, step is as follows：
1. the processing of tested pipeline
Horn mouth is processed into at the two ends of tested pipeline, on the bell-mouthed tube wall in two ends a pressure measurement is being processed respectively
Hole, length L of tested pipeline is controlled in 200～300cm, and bell-mouthed maximum outside diameter d 3=1.6d1～2d1 is described in formula
D1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, and unit is cm；
2. the combination of tested pipeline and test device
High level water tank in test device, low-level cistern are placed on same elevation, and set high level water tank
The side wall and low-level cistern for having apopore is provided with the side-walls of inlet opening in relative orientation, by the two ends loudspeaker of tested pipeline
Mouth is separately fixed in the water inlet of water outlet normal sensation in the mouth low-level cistern of high level water tank by the way of bonding；
Two wave height acquisition probe in test device are separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern, and point
Two wave height acquisition probe are not connected by transmission line with wave height processing instrument, wave height processing instrument is connected with computer；
The pressure acquisition device being respectively mounted in each pressure tap of tested pipeline in test device, and by pressure acquisition device
It is connected with pressure transmitter by transmission line, pressure transmitter is connected with computer；
3. the debugging of test device
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum of low-level cistern, Ran Houfen with stopper
Not to water filling in high level water tank and low-level cistern, the water injection rate of low-level cistern controls the water level h2 in low-level cistern
=4d1～6d1, the water injection rate of high level water tank control the water level h1 in high level water tank meet inequality h2 ＜ h1≤
0.8c1, in formula, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, the height of c1 high level water tanks, then operation sluice opening low level water afterwards
The inlet opening of case, and record the water level in high level water tank and low-level cistern reach balance needed for time t1, after rear opening
The osculum of low-level cistern, closes entering for low-level cistern after the water in high level water tank and low-level cistern is all discharged
Water hole and osculum；
4. test operation
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum of low-level cistern with stopper, to Gao Shui
Be injected separately in position water tank and low-level cistern and the step 3. identical water yield, make high level water tank and low-level cistern formed with
Step 3. identical water-head, is then turn on power supply, arranges pressure transducer, the frequency acquisition of wave-height gauge and acquisition time, institute
State acquisition time and be set to water level of the step 3. in middle high level water tank and low-level cistern and reach time t needed for balance1, after
The inlet opening of low-level cistern is opened afterwards, and opens pressure transducer, wave-height gauge while low-level cistern inlet opening is opened
Beginning work, by the signal for collecting computer is processed and is sent to after being changed, and computer is by the high level water tank for receiving
With the time dependent data of water level and the time dependent number of current pressure suffered by tested pipeline tube wall in low-level cistern
According to being processed and preserved；
5. the acquisition of frictional resistant coefficient
The time dependent data of water level in high level water tank and low-level cistern are fitted to respectively by computer
Polynomial function, by obtain two polynomial functions respectively to time derivation, obtains the flow velocity of two Water in Water Tanks stream, then root
According to the flow rate of water flow in high level water tank by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2Try to achieve the flow velocity v of current in tested pipelinehg, according to
Flow rate of water flow in low-level cistern is by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2Try to achieve the flow velocity v of current in tested pipelinedg, by vhgWith
vdgIt is compared, if the absolute value of two differences is less than or equal to 10cm/s, with vhgOr vdgIt is used as current in tested pipeline
Flow velocity, if the absolute value of two differences be more than 10cm/s, represent test system it is wrong, then need check test system, again
Tested, in the equation of continuity, V1For the flow velocity of current in high level water tank or low-level cistern, V2For tested pipeline
The flow velocity of middle current, A1For high level water tank or the floor space of low-level cistern, A2For the cross-sectional area of tested pipeline endoporus；
Current pressure data and pipeline water flow flow speed data pass through pressure conduit according to suffered by the same time tested pipeline tube wall of collection
The unsteady flow equation of motion obtains tested pipeline frictional head loss, then obtains tested pipeline on-way resistance system by Darcy formula
Number；
The pressure conduit unsteady flow equation of motion asks as follows：
In formula, z1And z2The respectively average potential energy of pressure conduit arbitrary cross-section 1 and section 2,WithRespectively section
1 and the average pressure energy of section 2,WithThe respectively mean kinetic energy of section 1 and section 2,For energy loss,For inertial hydraulic head；
The Darcy formula is as follows：
In formula, hfIt is frictional head loss, λ is frictional resistant coefficient, d is tested pipeline internal diameter, g is acceleration of gravity, l
It is the distance between two pressure taps.
Above-mentioned Darcy formula, pressure conduit unsteady flow equation of motion water breakthrough power reckoner second edition, Wu Chigong chief editors the
4 editions.
In said method, on the tube wall of tested pipeline two ends process pressure tap it is equal with the spacing of two ends flare end and
It is L2=2d1。
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1. the invention provides under a kind of unsteady flow inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device, the device is not only
Simple structure, and it is easy to assembling, it is easy to operate.
2., using test device of the present invention and method of testing, once test can quickly and accurately test out one
Pipe'resistance coefficient in flow rates.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be under unsteady flow of the present invention the structural representation of the test device of inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient and
The combination diagram of tested pipeline and the test device.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of elevated tank.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of lower water box.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of tested pipeline.
The time dependent relation curve of water level in high level water tank, the low-level cistern of test device when Fig. 5 is test.
The time dependent relation curve of current pressure suffered by tested pipeline tube wall when Fig. 6 is test.
Fig. 7 is the relation curve of the frictional resistant coefficient with water flow in pipeline flow velocity of tested pipeline.
In figure, 1-high level water tank, 2-low-level cistern, 3-1-wave height acquisition probe, 3-2-wave height processing instrument, 4
Sluice, the apopore of 5-high level water tank, the inlet opening of 6-low-level cistern, the osculum of 7-low-level cistern, 8-1-
Pressure acquisition device, 8-2-pressure transmitter, 9-computer, 10-tested pipeline, 10-1-horn mouth, 10-2-pressure tap.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment to the test device of inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient under unsteady flow of the present invention and
Method of testing is described further.
Embodiment 1
Inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device structure as Figure 1-3, is wrapped under unsteady flow described in the present embodiment
Include high level water tank 1, low-level cistern 2, the wave-height gauge of situation changed over for measuring Water in Water Tanks position, for measuring quilt
Survey the pressure transducer of current pressure suffered by pipe wall and for data record, the computer 9 for processing and storing；The Gao Shui
The right side wall bottom of position water tank 1 is provided with apopore 5, in the centrage of apopore and the apopore place sidewall width direction
Heart line vertically and intersects；The left side wall bottom of the low-level cistern 2 is provided with inlet opening 6, and right side wall bottom is provided with draining
Hole 7 and equipped with during water-retention for blocking the stopper of osculum, the centrage of inlet opening 7 and the inlet opening place sidewall width side
To central axis and intersect, the central axis in the centrage of osculum 7 and the osculum place sidewall width direction are simultaneously
It is intersecting；The left side wall of the low-level cistern is sandwich and is provided with the sluice 4 that can be turned on and off inlet opening 6, described
Sluice 4 is made up of gate and the carrying handle being connected on gate, and in the interlayer of left side wall, the handheld terminal of carrying handle extends gate installation
Go out the interlayer of left side wall.
The wave-height gauge is condenser type wave-height gauge, originates from China Water Resources ＆ Hydropower Science Research Institute, and range 150cm, water level is missed
Difference ＜ ± 1%F.S (hydrostatic level), the wave-height gauge is made up of two wave height acquisition probe 3-1 and a wave height processing instrument 3-2, is surveyed
During examination, two wave height acquisition probe are separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern, and respectively by transmission line and ripple
High disposal instrument connects, and the wave height processing instrument is connected with computer.
The pressure transducer is CY200 digital pressure sensors, by pressure acquisition device 8-1 and pressure transmitter 8-2 groups
Into, time/hour～1000 time of sample rate 1/second adjustable；Pressure type gauge pressure (0～60Mpa), absolute pressure (0～50Kpa), negative pressure (-
100Kpa～1Mpa), synthesis precision 0.1%FS；The pressure measurement arranged in the quantity and tested pipeline 10 of the pressure acquisition device 8-1
The quantity of hole 10-2 is identical, and during test, each pressure acquisition device is separately mounted on tested pipeline in the pressure tap of setting, and is led to
Cross transmission line to be connected with pressure transmitter, the pressure transmitter is connected with computer.
The computer 9 is common computer, is provided with the software supporting with wave-height gauge and supporting with pressure transducer
Software.
In the present embodiment, the size of high level water tank 1, low-level cistern 2 in test device is as follows：
High level water tank：Long a1=50cm width b1=50cm, high c1=150cm
Low-level cistern：Long a2=30cm width b2=30cm, high c2=100cm
Aperture=the 1.7d1 of inlet opening 6, Gao Shui set by the aperture=low-level cistern of apopore 5 set by high level water tank
The set water inlet of spacing=low-level cistern between the centrage and high level water tank diapire inner surface of apopore 5 set by the water tank of position
Spacing=2.5d1 between the centrage and low-level cistern diapire inner surface in hole 6, the hole of osculum 7 set by low-level cistern
Footpath=0.8d1, the spacing between the centrage of osculum set by low-level cistern and low-level cistern diapire inner surface is equal to should
The aperture of osculum, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, and unit is cm.
Embodiment 2
Using the method for inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient under test device test unsteady flow described in embodiment 1, step
It is as follows：
1. the processing of tested pipeline
Tested pipeline 10 be PVC pipeline, length L=200cm of pipeline, internal diameter d1=5cm, the two ends of tested pipeline are added
Work, into horn mouth 10-1, bell-mouthed maximum outside diameter d3=1.6d1=8cm, is L in the spacing away from two ends flare end2=
2d1Process a pressure tap 10-2 on the tube wall of=10cm respectively, the aperture of each pressure tap is 0.8cm；
2. the combination of tested pipeline and test device
High level water tank 1 in test device, low-level cistern 2 are placed on same elevation, and make high level water tank
The right side wall and low-level cistern for being provided with apopore 5 is provided with the left side wall of inlet opening 6 in relative orientation, by tested pipeline
Two ends horn mouth is separately fixed in the apopore of high level water tank 1 inlet opening with low-level cistern 2 by the way of bonding
In；
Two wave height acquisition probe 3-1 in test device are separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern,
And be respectively connected two wave height acquisition probe with wave height processing instrument 3-2 by transmission line, wave height processing instrument is connected with computer 9
Connect；
The pressure acquisition device 8-1 being respectively mounted in each pressure tap 10-2 of tested pipeline in test device, and will pressure
Power harvester is connected by transmission line with pressure transmitter 8-2, and pressure transmitter is connected with computer 9；
3. the debugging of test device
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening 6 of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum 7 of low-level cistern with stopper, then
Respectively to water filling in high level water tank 1 and low-level cistern 2, the water injection rate of low-level cistern controls the water in low-level cistern
Position h2=20cm, the water injection rate of high level water tank 1 is controlled in high level water tank water level h1=110cm, then operates sluice to open afterwards
The inlet opening of low-level cistern, and the water level recorded in high level water tank 1 and low-level cistern 2 reaches the time t needed for balance1
=2min, after the osculum 7 of rear opening low-level cistern, closes after the water in high level water tank and low-level cistern is all discharged
Close inlet opening 6 and the osculum 7 of low-level cistern；
4. test operation
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening 6 of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum 7, Xiang Gao of low-level cistern with stopper
It is injected separately in level water tank 1 and low-level cistern 2 and the step 3. identical water yield, makes high level water tank 1 and low-level cistern 2
Formed and step 3. identical water-head, be then turn on power supply, the frequency acquisition for arranging pressure sensor apparatus is 1ms, collection
Time is 2min, and the frequency acquisition of wave-height gauge is 2ms, and acquisition time is 2min；After the inlet opening of rear opening low-level cistern, and
Pressure transducer, wave-height gauge is set to start working while low-level cistern inlet opening is opened, at the signal for collecting
Reason and computer is sent to after changing, computer is by the anaplasia at any time of the water level in the high level water tank and low-level cistern that receive
Data of the change and time dependent data of current pressure are processed and preserved suffered by tested pipeline tube wall, and typing excel
Form,；
5. the acquisition of frictional resistant coefficient
I. the data (anaplasia at any time of the water level in high level water tank and low-level cistern for being measured wave-height gauge by computer
The data of change) with time match into polynomial function, the polynomial function of high level water tank SEA LEVEL VARIATION is following (1-1) formulas：
Y=0.0539t2-2.4878t+0.9504 (1-1)
Wherein t is the time, and y is the accumulative changing value of water level；
The polynomial function of low-level cistern SEA LEVEL VARIATION is following (1-2) formulas：
Y=-0.0123t3-0.0237t2+6.7311t-1.8258 (1-2)
Wherein t is the time, and y is the accumulative changing value of water level；
The curve of above-mentioned polynomial function is as shown in Figure 5.
II. by formula (1-1) to time derivation, the situation of change of flow rate of water flow in high level water tank is obtained, due to two water tanks
Water velocity it is in opposite direction (downwards, low-level cistern water velocity is upwards, in opposite direction for high level water tank water velocity, and
Sign represents direction, so the opposite number for taking a speed can be carried out size comparing), opposite number is taken to water velocity,
Obtain the change expression formula of flow rate of water flow in high level water tank：
vh=-0.10478t+2.4878 (1-3)
Wherein t be the time, vhFor flow rate of water flow changing value in high level water tank；
By formula (1-2) to time derivation, the change expression formula of flow rate of water flow in low-level cistern is obtained：
vd=-0.0369t2-0.0474t+6.7311 (1-4)
Wherein t be the time, vdFor flow rate of water flow changing value in low-level cistern.
III. the flow rate of water flow in low-level cistern is by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2(1-5) water in tested pipeline is sought
The flow velocity v of streamdg
By A1=a2b2,v1=vd, bring (1-5) into and obtain
Obtain
In formula, vdgFlow rate of water flow in the tested pipeline tried to achieve for low-level cistern SEA LEVEL VARIATION, a2For low-level cistern
Bottom side length, b2The base width of low-level cistern, d1For the internal diameter of tested pipeline；
By a2=30cm, b2=30cm, d1=5cm and formula vd=-0.0369t2- 0.0474t+6.7311 (1-4) brings into
Formula (1-7) tries to achieve tested pipeline water velocity expression way
vdg=-1.69t2-2.17t+308.68 (1-8)
Flow rate of water flow in high level water tank is by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2(1-5) current in tested pipeline are sought
Flow velocity vhgBy A1=a1b1,v1=vh, bring (1-5) into and obtain
Obtain
Wherein vhgFlow rate of water flow in the tested pipeline tried to achieve for high level water tank SEA LEVEL VARIATION, a1For the bottom of high level water tank
The length of side, b1The base width of high level water tank, d1To test the internal diameter of pipeline；
By a1=50cm, b1=50cm, d1=5cm and formula vh=-0.10478t+2.4878 (1-3) brings formula (1- into
10), trying to achieve water velocity expression way in tested pipeline is
vhg=-13.3t+316.91 (1-11)
Due to the water velocity of two water tanks it is in opposite direction, for the ease of comparing the pipe flow speed that two water tanks are tried to achieve, by 1-11
Take opposite number to obtain
vhg=13.3t-316.91 (1-11)
The v of the same time point that (1-11) and (1-8) formula is calculatedhgAnd vdgIt is compared, if the absolute value of two differences
Less than or equal to 10cm/s, then with vhgOr vdgIt is used as the flow velocity of current in tested pipeline, if the absolute value of two differences is more than
10cm/s, represents that test system is wrong, then need to check test system, is tested again.
IV. by the flow rate of water flow in current pressure data and tested pipeline suffered by the same time tested pipeline tube wall of collection
Data
Tested pipeline frictional head loss, pressure conduit unsteady flow fortune are obtained by the pressure conduit unsteady flow equation of motion
Dynamic equation sees below formula：
In formula, z1And z2The respectively average potential energy of pressure conduit arbitrary cross-section 1 and section 2,WithRespectively section
1 and the average pressure energy of section 2,WithThe respectively mean kinetic energy of section 1 and section 2,For energy loss,For inertial hydraulic head；
There is no local head loss between two test points of tested pipeline, then all frictional head losses of the loss of flood peak,
1-12 conversion is obtained
Wherein hfFor the frictional head loss of tested pipeline；
Because the elevation of two test points is identical, then average potential energy is identical, and same uncompressed pipe flow speed is identical, so averagely
Kinetic energy is identical, obtains
Current pressure suffered by the tested pipeline tube wall that two test points are measured brings (1-14) formula into, by current in tested pipeline
The expression formula (1-11 or 1-8 formulas) of flow velocity tries to achieve h to time derivationf, recycle Darcy formula
Obtain
In formula, λ is the frictional resistant coefficient of tested pipeline inwall, and d is tested pipeline internal diameter, and g is acceleration of gravity, and l is
The distance between two measuring points (pressure tap) of tested pipeline；
By d=5cm, g=9.8m2/s, l=L-2*L2=180cm brings (1-16) into, tries to achieve frictional resistant coefficient λ and quilt
Flow rate of water flow v relation curves in test tube road, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (10)
1. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow, it is characterised in that including high level water tank (1), low water
Position water tank (2), the wave-height gauge of situation is changed over for measuring Water in Water Tanks position, for measuring water suffered by tested pipeline tube wall
The pressure transducer and the computer (9) for data record, process and storage of stream pressure；The one of the high level water tank (1)
Lower sidewall is provided with apopore (5), and a lower sidewall of the low-level cistern (2) is provided with inlet opening (6), and is provided with
Can be turned on and off the sluice (4) of inlet opening, low-level cistern (2) with the side wall of inlet opening is set towards contrary sidepiece bottom
Portion is provided with osculum (7), and equipped with during water-retention for blocking the stopper of osculum；
The wave-height gauge is made up of two wave height acquisition probe (3-1) and a wave height processing instrument (3-2), during test, two ripples
High acquisition probe is separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern, and respectively by transmission line and wave height processing instrument company
Connect, the wave height processing instrument is connected with computer；
The pressure transducer is made up of pressure acquisition device (8-1) and pressure transmitter (8-2), the number of pressure acquisition device (8-1)
Amount is identical with the quantity of the instrument connection (10-2) arranged on tested pipeline (10), and during test, each pressure acquisition device is separately mounted to
In the instrument connection arranged on tested pipeline, and be connected with pressure transmitter by transmission line, the pressure transmitter and calculating
Machine connects.
2. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
It is sandwich that low-level cistern arranges the side wall of inlet opening (6), and the sluice (4) is by gate and the carrying handle being connected on gate
Constitute, in the interlayer of side wall, the handheld terminal of carrying handle extends the interlayer of side wall to gate installation.
3. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that high
The central axis in the centrage of apopore (5) set by level water tank lower sidewall and the apopore place sidewall width direction are simultaneously
It is intersecting, the center in the centrage of inlet opening (6) set by low-level cistern lower sidewall and the inlet opening place sidewall width direction
Line vertically and intersects, the centrage of osculum (7) set by low-level cistern sidewall bottom and the osculum place sidewall width side
To central axis and intersect.
4. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that high
Aperture=1.6d1～the 2d1 of inlet opening (6), high water level set by the aperture=low-level cistern of apopore set by level water tank (5)
Inlet opening set by spacing=low-level cistern between the centrage and high level water tank diapire inner surface of apopore set by water tank
Centrage and low-level cistern diapire inner surface between spacing=2d1～3d1, osculum (7) set by low-level cistern
Aperture=0.6d1～d1, the spacing between the centrage of osculum set by low-level cistern and low-level cistern diapire inner surface
Equal to the aperture of the osculum, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, and unit is cm.
5. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 3, it is characterised in that Gao Shui
Aperture=1.6d1～the 2d1 of inlet opening (6), high water level water set by the aperture=low-level cistern of apopore (5) set by the water tank of position
Inlet opening set by spacing=low-level cistern between the centrage and high level water tank diapire outer surface of apopore set by case
Spacing=2d1～3d1 between centrage and low-level cistern diapire outer surface, the hole of osculum (7) set by low-level cistern
Footpath=spacing between the centrage of osculum set by 0.6d1～d1 low-level cisterns and low-level cistern diapire outer surface is equal to
The aperture of the osculum, in formula, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, and unit is cm.
6. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that high
The length a1=width b1=50～70cm of level water tank (1), the height c1=120～200cm of high level water tank (1)；Low water
The length a2=width b2=30～50cm, the height c2=90～150cm of low-level cistern (2) of position water tank (2).
7. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 3, it is characterised in that Gao Shui
The length a1=width b1=50～70cm, the height c1=120～200cm of high level water tank (1) of position water tank (1)；Low water level
The length a2=width b2=30～50cm of water tank (2), the height c2=90～150cm of low-level cistern (2).
8. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient test device under unsteady flow according to claim 4, it is characterised in that Gao Shui
The length a1=width b1=50～70cm, the height c1=120～200cm of high level water tank (1) of position water tank (1)；Low water level
The length a2=width b2=30～50cm of water tank (2), the height c2=90～150cm of low-level cistern (2).
9. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient method of testing under unsteady flow, it is characterised in that usage right is arbitrary in requiring 1 to 6
Test device described in claim, step is as follows：
1. the processing of tested pipeline
Horn mouth (10-1) is processed into at the two ends of tested pipeline (10), on the bell-mouthed tube wall in two ends one is being processed respectively
Individual pressure tap (10-2), length L of tested pipeline is controlled in 200～300cm, and bell-mouthed maximum outside diameter d 3=1.6d1～
2d1, in formula, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, and unit is cm；
2. the combination of tested pipeline and test device
High level water tank (1) in test device, low-level cistern (2) are placed on same elevation, and make high level water tank
The side wall and low-level cistern for being provided with apopore (5) is provided with the side-walls of inlet opening (6) in relative orientation, by tested pipeline
Two ends horn mouth is separately fixed in the apopore of high level water tank (1) by the way of bonding and low-level cistern (2) are entered
In water hole；
Two wave height acquisition probe (3-1) in test device are separately mounted in high level water tank and low-level cistern, and
Two wave height acquisition probe are connected by transmission line with wave height processing instrument (3-2) respectively, by wave height processing instrument and computer (9)
Connection；
The pressure acquisition device (8-1) being respectively mounted in each pressure tap (10-2) of tested pipeline in upper test device, and will pressure
Power harvester is connected by transmission line with pressure transmitter (8-2), and pressure transmitter is connected with computer (9)；
3. the debugging of test device
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening (6) of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum (7) of low-level cistern with stopper, then
Respectively to water filling in high level water tank (1) and low-level cistern (2), the water injection rate of low-level cistern is controlled in low-level cistern
Water level h2=4d1～6d1, the water level h1 that the water injection rate of high level water tank (1) is controlled in high level water tank meets inequality
H2 ＜ h1≤0.8c1, in formula, the d1 is the internal diameter of tested pipeline, the height of c1 high level water tanks, then operation sluice opening afterwards
The inlet opening of low-level cistern, and rememberRecordWater level in high level water tank (1) and low-level cistern (2) reach balance needed for when
Between t1, after the osculum (7) of rear opening low-level cistern, close after the water in high level water tank and low-level cistern is all discharged
Close inlet opening (6) and the osculum (7) of low-level cistern；
4. test operation
Operation sluice closes the inlet opening (6) of low-level cistern, and blocks the osculum (7) of low-level cistern, Xiang Gao with stopper
It is injected separately in level water tank (1) and low-level cistern (2) and the step 3. identical water yield, makes high level water tank (1) and low water
Position water tank (2) is formed and step 3. identical water-head, is then turn on power supply, arranges the collection frequency of pressure transducer, wave-height gauge
Rate and acquisition time, the acquisition time is set to water level of the step 3. in middle high level water tank (1) and low-level cistern (2) and reaches
Time t to needed for balance1, after the inlet opening of rear opening low-level cistern, and while low-level cistern inlet opening is opened
Make pressure transducer, wave-height gauge start working, the signal for collecting is processed and computer, computer is sent to after being changed
By the time dependent data of water level and water suffered by tested pipeline tube wall in the high level water tank and low-level cistern that receive
The time dependent data of stream pressure are processed and preserved；
5. the acquisition of frictional resistant coefficient
The time dependent data of water level in high level water tank and low-level cistern are fitted to respectively by computer multinomial
Formula function, by obtain two polynomial functions respectively to time derivation, obtains the flow velocity of two Water in Water Tanks stream, further according to height
Flow rate of water flow in level water tank is by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2Try to achieve the flow velocity v of current in tested pipelinehg, according to low water
Flow rate of water flow in the water tank of position is by equation of continuity v1A1=v2A2Try to achieve the flow velocity v of current in tested pipelinedg, by vhgAnd vdgEnter
Row compares, if the absolute value of two differences is less than or equal to 10cm/s, with vhgOr vdgIt is used as the stream of current in tested pipeline
Speed, if the absolute value of two differences is more than 10cm/s, represents that test system is wrong, then need to check test system, carries out again
Test, in the equation of continuity, V1For the flow velocity of current in high level water tank or low-level cistern, V2For water in tested pipeline
The flow velocity of stream, A1For high level water tank or the floor space of low-level cistern, A2For the cross-sectional area of tested pipeline endoporus, according to
Current pressure data suffered by the same time tested pipeline tube wall of collection and tested pipeline flow rate of water flow data pass through pressure conduit
The unsteady flow equation of motion obtains tested pipeline frictional head loss, then obtains tested pipeline on-way resistance system by Darcy formula
Number；
The pressure conduit unsteady flow equation of motion asks as follows：
In formula, z1And z2The respectively average potential energy of pressure conduit arbitrary cross-section 1 and section 2,WithThe respectively He of section 1
The average pressure energy of section 2,WithThe respectively mean kinetic energy of section 1 and section 2,For energy loss,For inertial hydraulic head；
The Darcy formula is as follows：
In formula, hfIt is frictional head loss, λ is frictional resistant coefficient, and d is tested pipeline internal diameter, and g is acceleration of gravity, and l is two
The distance between individual pressure tap.
10. inner-walls of duct frictional resistant coefficient method of testing under unsteady flow according to claim 9, it is characterised in that tested
The pressure tap (10-2) processed on pipe ends tube wall is equal with the spacing of two ends flare end and is L2=2d1。
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| CN113092314A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-09 | 西安工程大学 | Super-hydrophobic surface resistance reduction performance testing device under high flow rate |
| CN113740030A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2021-12-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Pipeline resistance parameter detection system and detection method |
| CN116663146B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-11-17 | 西安理工大学 | Calculation method of non-circular pipeline on-way resistance |
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