CN106644384B - Cross-scale coupling type overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experiment system with circulating water tank and experimental soil cup - Google Patents
Cross-scale coupling type overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experiment system with circulating water tank and experimental soil cup Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644384B CN106644384B CN201611235649.7A CN201611235649A CN106644384B CN 106644384 B CN106644384 B CN 106644384B CN 201611235649 A CN201611235649 A CN 201611235649A CN 106644384 B CN106644384 B CN 106644384B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cross-scale coupled sewage-sediment-over-bed pollutant transport experiment system of a circulating water tank and an experiment soil cup, which comprises a circulating water tank, wherein a sediment-over-sediment pollutant exchange area is arranged in the circulating water tank, a soil cup interface is reserved on the bed surface of the circulating water tank at the bottom of the sediment and is connected with the soil cup, the mouth of the soil cup is level with the bed surface of the circulating water tank, and the sediment and the over-sediment are communicated with the soil cup. The static test equipment and the circulating water tank system are coupled, hydrodynamic conditions similar to those of surface water are provided, the parameters of the bed sand are conveniently controlled, the sand for the bed sand test is reduced, and the economical and feasibility of the test are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bed-sand pollutant transport experiment system, in particular to an overlying water-bed-sand pollutant transport experiment system with a cross-scale coupling of a circulating water tank and an experimental soil cup.
Background
The surface water eutrophication problem is the current global main ecological and environmental problem, and most of main lakes such as Taihu lake, yunnan pond and the like in China have the eutrophication problem. Endogenous pollution plays a decisive role in eutrophication, and a large number of lake treatments in Europe indicate that the endogenous pollution still exists even under the condition of complete cutting off of exogenous sources. A large number of measures are proposed by different students to treat endogenous pollution, but satisfactory effects are not yet achieved. The severity of endogenous contamination is such that the current problem is no longer "manageable" but rather becomes a problem of "when" or "what degree" under conditions of switching off the exogenous source. In answering this question, bed sand and overburden bed flux and bed sand contaminant migration law studies are of decisive importance.
The experimental study is a main way for solving the problem of transporting pollutants at the interface of the bed sand-overlying water system, and the main method can be divided into a static test and a dynamic test.
The first prior art is:
although static experiments are called static experiments, the water body is not in a static state, and sediment suspension is usually kept under the actions of stirring, vibration and the like. The experiment is mainly used for researching the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the suspended sediment, such as the influence of different factors (particle size, temperature and acidity) on adsorption and desorption. Experiments are also carried out to study the characteristics of the bed sand, such as describing the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the bed sand of a specific river reach; comparative analysis of sediment in different river sections adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption concentration; and researching the influence mechanism of different factors on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the bed sand. However, the shortcomings of static experiments in river bed sandy research have long been recognized, as Huang Suiliang points out that the static experimental method "completely does not consider the hydraulic characteristics of natural rivers, which cannot be said to be a great disadvantage for the hydraulic conditions of natural rivers to be quite different.
Drawbacks of the first prior art:
when the static experiment results are applied, the problems are that firstly, the solution in the container is approximately unchanged in the static experiment and the difference of different sediment cannot be considered, the adsorption isothermal type is usually used to correspond to the equilibrium condition, and the natural bed sand material flux is a non-constant and non-uniform process under the non-equilibrium condition; secondly, the static experiment completely changes the water-sand dynamic characteristic of the sediment, and the controllability of experimental parameters such as flow rate, pollutant concentration and the like cannot be ensured. If Huang carries out a simple stirring experiment and an improved turbulence simulation cup simultaneously to carry out an adsorption and desorption experiment, the adsorption equilibrium time is found to be 2h and 20min respectively, and the water sand power of the stirring experiment is completely different from that of surface water.
And the second prior art is as follows:
the water-moving experiment of the circulating water tank can realize the controllability of water-sand power of an experimental section and the conditions of upstream inflow water and sand, and tail water flows through the water pump and is conveyed to the upstream of the water tank for recycling. And equipment is added outside the experimental section to control the concentration and chemical conditions of the water sand. The water supply system of the circulating water tank and the water sand dynamic control such as tail gate control are relatively mature. In the bed sand-overlying water pollutant exchange study, the bed sand is approximately filled in the whole river course, the bed surface-overlying water pollutant exchange in the bed sand transportation process is simulated.
Drawbacks of the second prior art:
however, the process is not limited to the above-mentioned process, the existing method has the following problems:
1) The whole river channel is filled with bed sand, and the bed sand has pushing movement and flushing and silting change under the action of water flow. Bed surface is washed out to make the surface layer the sediment is changed and the sediment is changed, the exchange process of sediment and overlying water at different vertical depths cannot be studied.
2) The pollutant exchange in the overlying water-bed sand is related to physical and chemical properties of sediment, the physical properties (such as particle size) and chemical adsorption properties (such as exchangeable surface layer) of the sediment are often required to be controlled in the test process, natural river sand is required to be adopted in the river course test, if the whole river course is used as a bed sand test area, the sand consumption is very large, such as 10m long and 0.3m wide, and the bed sand thickness is 0.15m, and then the sand consumption is 0.45m3 in one experiment. And the sediment cannot be reused after the adsorption and desorption test. The test sediment needs to be taken from river sand, the test scale is too large, the cost is too high, and the test expense or the workload angle can be hardly met.
3) If the river bed is taken as a whole, only one group of sediment samples with specific physical and chemical properties can be made at a time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experiment system which is convenient for controlling the parameters of bed sand, is economical and feasible and is coupled with an experiment soil cup in a trans-scale way.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a cross-scale coupled sewage-sediment-bed pollutant transportation experiment system of a circulating water tank and an experiment soil cup, which comprises a circulating water tank, wherein a sediment-bed pollutant exchange area is arranged in the circulating water tank, a soil cup interface is reserved on the bed surface of the circulating water tank at the bottom of sediment and is connected with the soil cup, the mouth of the soil cup is level with the bed surface of the circulating water tank, and sediment are communicated with the soil cup.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the circulating water tank-experimental soil cup trans-scale coupled overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experimental system provided by the embodiment of the invention is coupled with static experimental equipment and the circulating water tank system, so that the hydrodynamic condition similar to that of overlying water on surface water is provided, the parameters of the bed sand parameters are conveniently controlled, the sand for the bed sand experiment is reduced, and the economy and feasibility of the experiment are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an experimental water tank system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of an experimental water tank system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the soil cup interface (square on the left and directly placed beakers on the right) of the bed sand-overlying water interface region in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a circulating water tank-experimental soil cup trans-scale coupled overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experimental system, which has the following preferred specific implementation mode:
the device comprises a circulating water tank, wherein a bed sand-overlying water pollutant exchange area is arranged in the circulating water tank, a soil cup connector is reserved on the bed surface of the circulating water tank at the bottom of the bed sand and is connected with a soil cup, the opening of the soil cup is flush with the bed surface of the circulating water tank, and the bed sand and the overlying water are communicated with the soil cup.
The cross section of the soil cup is round or square.
The circulating water tank is connected with a pump pool, an upper pool, an adjusting pool and two water supply cylinders, the pump pool is connected with the adjusting pool, a main pump is arranged between the pump pool and a water inlet at the head part of the circulating water tank, a water supplementing pump is arranged between the two water supply cylinders and the adjusting pool, and a water outlet at the tail part of the circulating water tank is connected with the two water supply cylinders;
the main pump and the water supplementing pump are respectively provided with a flowmeter, a ball-type current stabilizer is arranged at the water inlet position of the circulating water tank, and a water level regulator is arranged at the water outlet at the tail part of the circulating water tank.
The circulating water tank provides similar hydrodynamic conditions of the natural river, the soil cup provides similar natural bed sand conditions in a limited space, the bed surface flux of the natural river and the vertical pollutant transportation rule of the bed sand are simulated, and the combined advantages of the static beaker test and the circulating water tank are realized.
The circulating water tank-experimental soil cup trans-scale coupled overlying water-bed sand pollutant transport experimental system solves the problems that in the prior art, the static test scale is small, the static test is only completed in one beaker, and the hydrodynamic condition of floating water on a river cannot be simulated; the circulating water tank is large enough, the test cost is too large, and the test efficiency is too small.
The invention relates to a circulating water tank-experimental soil cup trans-scale coupled pollutant transportation experimental system between overlying water and sand bed, the static test equipment and the circulating water tank system are coupled, the hydrodynamic conditions similar to the water covering on the surface water are provided, the parameters of the bed sand are conveniently controlled, the sand for the bed sand test is reduced, and the economical and feasibility of the test are improved.
1) The first thing to be solved is hydrodynamic similarity and controllability. The hydrodynamic control mainly comprises stable water supply flow, stable flow state, tail gate water level control and river channel specific drop control.
2) Secondly, the uncertainty influencing factors of the bed sand test are reduced, the sediment pushing movement of the bed sand surface layer is reduced, horizontal and vertical sediment-free transport to investigate the vertical transport of contaminants in bed sand.
3) The surface layer of the bed surface is provided with a test interface, the lower part of the bed surface layer can be connected with a soil cup for sand bed test, and the soil cup is flush with the bed surface and is ensured to be communicated with overlying water. Different soil cups can contain silt with different characteristics, and the test research of water-sand flux of the overlying water-bed and vertical transportation of pollutants is carried out only in the soil cups. Not only satisfies the similarity of the water flow of the overlying water, but also reduces the sand for experiments by the sand level of the large static test.
Will be combined below the accompanying drawings are directed to the present invention the examples are described in further detail.
Specific examples:
laboratory simultaneous with experiment water tank system a chemical experiment table and a matched experiment instrument are arranged. The experimental water tank system is designed as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The length L=12.00 m, the width B=0.30 m and the slope regulating range is 0-1.5%. Maximum water depth 0.15m (aspect ratio 2), maximum flow rate 1.00m. The flow rate at the maximum water depth is 0.40m/s; the water depth was 0.06m at maximum flow rate.
The power system is designed to be added with an adjusting tank and a water supplementing pump. The water is supplied from the two water supply cylinder wheels to the regulating tank by the water supplementing pump, the water level of the regulating tank is kept unchanged, and the main pump supplies water from the pump tank to the water tank; a flowmeter is arranged between the two pumps, and the flow is regulated by the water pump; a ball-type current stabilizer is additionally arranged at the inlet position of the water tank, so that the stability of the flow state of the water tank is ensured; the water outlet at the tail of the water tank is provided with a water level regulator which can regulate the water level. Tail water flows back into the water supply tank. From water supply cylinders 1 and 2 alternately supplying water.
As shown in fig. 3, the bed sand-overlying water test interface area provides a bed sand test interface (square on the left, directly placed beakers on the right), and square test soil cups are provided at the lower part of the bed surface. The upper part of the soil cup is horizontal to the bed surface, and when the water body flows through the bed surface, the soil cup bed sand can exchange with the overlying water. By regulating and controlling the flow speed and the water level of water flow, the physical and chemical conditions of soil and cup sediment are changed, and the exchange rule of pollutants between bed sand and overlying water under different conditions is researched. The depth of the soil cup is 15-25 cm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
after the circulating water tank is coupled with the parallel side soil limiting cup, the water tank provides water flow conditions similar to a river channel, and the side soil limiting cup simulates river bed sand, so that different bed sand structures, vertical transportation of bed sand pollutants under different water flow conditions and bed surface flux are researched. Only when tested need to sand the side soil limiting cup is filled.
1. The lateral soil limiting cup reduces the longitudinal transportation of bed sand and the flushing and silting of the bed sand, reduces an uncertain factor existing in the vertical transportation, and can better reflect the vertical flux of the bed surface and the vertical transportation of pollutants in the bed sand;
2. the test cost is reduced. The experimental sand amount is compared with the sand amount for a common beaker, so that the sand amount is greatly reduced, the test cost is reduced, and the realizability of the model is improved;
3. the test efficiency is improved, and the workload is reduced. When the water tank runs in a floating way, a plurality of groups of parallel soil cups can be placed at the same time to test silt with different properties (such as different particle sizes or components), parallel tests are performed, test efficiency is improved, and test workload is reduced.
The bed sand cup is designed to be square, but can also be replaced by a round or other shape soil cup, and only the surface of the water tank bed surface is required to be provided with corresponding interfaces, so that the surfaces of the sand cup with different shapes are flush with the water tank bed surface, vertically communicated and the bottom is watertight.
The key technology of the invention is as follows:
the joint application of the circulating water tank and the test bed sand cup leaves a soil cup interface at the bottom of the bed sand. The opening of the soil cup is flush with the bed surface of the water tank, and the overlying water is communicated with the soil cup. The water tank can provide similar hydrodynamic conditions of the natural river, and the soil cup provides similar natural bed sand conditions in a limited space so as to simulate the bed surface flux and the vertical pollutant transportation rule of the bed sand of the natural river. The combined advantages of the static beaker test and the circulating water tank are realized.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect, any changes or substitutions that would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art within the scope of the present disclosure are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. The trans-scale coupling test soil cup over-water-bed sand pollutant transport test system is characterized by comprising a circulating water tank, wherein a bed sand-over-water pollutant exchange area is arranged in the circulating water tank, a soil cup connector is reserved on the bed surface of the circulating water tank at the bottom of the bed sand and is connected with a soil cup, the opening of the soil cup is flush with the bed surface of the circulating water tank, and the bed sand and the overlying water are communicated with the soil cup;
the cross section of the soil cup is round or square;
the circulating water tank is connected with a pump pool, an upper pool, an adjusting pool and two water supply cylinders, the pump pool is connected with the adjusting pool, a main pump is arranged between the pump pool and a water inlet at the head part of the circulating water tank, a water supplementing pump is arranged between the two water supply cylinders and the adjusting pool, and a water outlet at the tail part of the circulating water tank is connected with the two water supply cylinders;
the main pump and the water supplementing pump are respectively provided with a flowmeter, a ball-type current stabilizer is arranged at the water inlet position of the circulating water tank, and a water level regulator is arranged at the water outlet at the tail part of the circulating water tank;
the circulating water tank provides similar hydrodynamic conditions of the natural river, the soil cup provides similar natural bed sand conditions in a limited space, the bed surface flux of the natural river and the vertical pollutant transportation rule of the bed sand are simulated, and the combined advantages of the static beaker test and the circulating water tank are realized.
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| CN108053736A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-05-18 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of marine structure Research on hydrodynamic experimental provision |
| CN108982595A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-12-11 | 河海大学 | Simulate field high density pollution object undercurrent exchange in-situ test device and test method |
| CN108572056B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2023-10-17 | 天津大学 | River and lake water and sand mutual feedback experiment monitoring system and method under complex conditions |
| CN109827874B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-07-09 | 河海大学 | Water-sand interface pollutant transport experimental device and implementation method thereof |
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