CN106643939A - Method for calculating ultrasonic transmission time through ultrasonic flowmeter - Google Patents
Method for calculating ultrasonic transmission time through ultrasonic flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106643939A CN106643939A CN201710089792.8A CN201710089792A CN106643939A CN 106643939 A CN106643939 A CN 106643939A CN 201710089792 A CN201710089792 A CN 201710089792A CN 106643939 A CN106643939 A CN 106643939A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating ultrasonic transmission time through an ultrasonic flowmeter. The method comprises the steps that the peak wh1 is found through a maximum value xmax of sampling values of echo signals received by an ultrasonic transducer, energy of echoes within multiple periods near the peak is calculated, then, a threshold value Eth is determined according to the obtained energy of the echoes within multiple adjacent periods, and a wave with the first energy exceeding the threshold value Eth is found in the echo signals to be adopted as a reference wave to calculate the transmission time of an ultrasonic flowmeter. The phenomenon that due to the fact that reference wave searching errors are made, the calculated transmission time has errors of one or more periods is avoided. According to the method, the measuring accuracy of the transmission time is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic flow rate field of measuring technique, more particularly to a kind of to calculate ultrasonic wave for ultrasonic flowmeter
The method in propagation time.
Background technology
Time difference ultrasonic flowmeter operation principle as shown in figure 1, it be according to velocity of medium and ultrasonic wave it is suitable in media as well,
The time difference produced during inverse propagation has what certain linear relationship principle was measured, as long as the accurately measurement concurrent-countercurrent time
Difference, further according to flow velocity and its linear relationship flow velocity is obtained, and then can obtain instantaneous delivery and integrated flux.
In Fig. 1, S1, S2Respectively 2 ultrasonic transducers, V is flow rate of liquid, and D is pipe diameter, and L is the sound of ultrasonic wave
Journey, θ is the incidence angle that ultrasonic wave enters liquid.t1For transducer S1Transmitting, S2During reception, ultrasonic wave propagation time in the duct,
That is following current time；t2For transducer S2Transmitting, S1During reception, ultrasonic wave propagation time, i.e. adverse current time in the duct.
Ultrasonic flowmeter downstream propagation times t1With adverse current propagation time t2Calculated with following formula respectively, i.e.,：
In formula, C is the velocity of sound of the ultrasonic signal in water, if Δ T is the concurrent-countercurrent time difference, then：
Because speed C that ultrasonic wave is propagated in a fluid is far longer than the actual flow velocity V of detected fluid, i.e. C2>>V2, so
(3) formula can be reduced to：
Here, the V that ultrasonic flow rate measurement is obtained is the line mean flow rate of the fluid in sound channel, and when carrying out flow rate calculation
It is desirable that section mean flow rate, so line average speed V is multiplied by fluid correction factor k by us is finally multiplied by again pipeline
Sectional area S just can obtain instantaneous delivery Q.Its formula is as follows：
Q=SkV=(π D2/4)kV。
At present, it is general using sampling to the echo-signal that ultrasonic transducer is received, obtain whole echo waveform
Sampled value, as shown in Fig. 2 in echo-signal, Y-axis is signal amplitude, X-axis is signal coordinates.First find ultrasonic transducer
Maximum x of the sampled value of the echo-signal for receivingmax, the data for then being obtained according to experiment, as shown in figure 3, by analysis
Changes in flow rate can be seen that the point in square frame 1 is w with the relation in propagation time4Corresponding, square frame 2 is w5It is corresponding, its ripple
Peak value and maximum xmaxRatio difference it is larger, thus can determine that one according to maximum xmaxThe coefficient S of setting, coefficient S value
Take two neighboring echo crest value and maximum xmaxMaximum two ratio values of ratio difference mean value, itself and xmaxTake advantage of
Product is used as the threshold value for finding reference wave：
xth=xmax×s
As shown in Fig. 2 according to threshold value xthRipple of first amplitude more than threshold value is found as reference wave wReference wave, due to existing
Affected by temperature, flow velocity etc., threshold value x for causing the data obtained according to experiment to be determinedthThe requirement of operating mode is unsatisfactory for, causes root
According to threshold value xthThe reference wave for finding carries out the mistake that the zero crossing that linear interpolation calculates there may be a cycle or several cycles
There is the error in a cycle or several cycles in difference, the propagation time for ultimately resulting in calculating.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided one kind calculates ultrasound for ultrasonic flowmeter
The method of wave propagation time, it improves the accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter propagation time measurement, reduces measure error.
The purpose of the present invention is realized using following proposal：When one kind calculates ultrasonic propagation for ultrasonic flowmeter
Between method, ultrasonic transducer transmitting terminal transmitting ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal receive ultrasound echo signal,
The computational methods of ultrasonic propagation time comprise the steps：
1) the echo amplitude maximum point in the echo signal sample value that ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal is received is found；
2) ask for respectively echo in the cycle residing for echo amplitude maximum point energy and with the echo amplitude maximum
The energy of the echo in close several cycles in point residing cycle, determines backward energy maximum Emax；
3) according to formula Eth=Emax×SEObtain threshold value Eth, wherein, coefficient SEValue take two neighboring backward energy value with most
Big value EmaxMaximum two ratio values of ratio difference mean value.Coefficient SEValue is taken between 0-1.
4) according to echo cycle sequences first is found more than threshold value EthBackward energy corresponding to cycle in echo
As reference wave wReference wave, calculate reference wave wReference waveZero crossing time t0, according to formula T=t0+ t' can obtain super
Acoustic transit time T, in formula, t' is a fixed value related to ultrasonic flowmeter.
The energy of the echo in each cycle is the summation that the amplitude of all sampled points in the cycle is added.
In reference wave wReference waveIn, when the amplitude opposite polarity of adjacent two sampled point if carry out linear interpolation arithmetic, count
Calculate reference wave wReference waveSignal zero-crossing time t0。
T' is calculated in the case of zero delivery：When the fluid in ultrasonic flowmeter pipeline is static by measuring sound channel
Length and now T of accurate propagation time is calculated according to the velocity of sound now0, while calculating the zero crossing pair under zero flow velocity
The time t' for answering0, then t'=t'0-T0。
By step 2) energy of echo in each cycle for calculating is according to cycle sequences and step 3) threshold that obtains
Value EthIt is compared, using the echo in the cycle corresponding to first backward energy more than threshold value as reference wave wReference wave。
Step 2) ask for respectively echo in the cycle residing for echo amplitude maximum point energy and with the echo amplitude
Cycle residing for maximum point it is close before and after echo in each two or three adjacent periods energy, determine backward energy maximum
Emax。
Present invention has the advantage that：The sampled value of the echo-signal that this method is received by ultrasonic transducer is most
Big value xmaxSearch out top wh1, the energy of the echo near top in several cycles is calculated, it is then adjacent according to what is asked for
The energy of several cycle echoes determines a threshold value, and the present invention utilizes the energy of echo, given threshold Eth, in echo-signal
First energy is found out beyond set threshold value EthRipple as calculating the reference wave of zero crossing time calculating ultrasonic flowmeter
Propagation time, compare maximum x using the sampled value of echo-signalmaxThreshold value x of settingthTo determine reference wave, it is to avoid
Due to ultrasonic flowmeter, in changes in flow rate, caused echo-signal amplitude changes and causes according to threshold value xthIt is determined that benchmark
There is the error in a cycle or several cycles in ripple, cause the propagation time for calculating to there is the mistake in a cycle or several cycles
Difference, this method improves the accuracy of measurement in propagation time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the super flowmeter of time difference method；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of echo-signal；
Fig. 3 is peak value and maximum x under different flowmaxRatio chart；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of echo-signal and its backward energy；
Fig. 5 is that linear interpolation calculates zero crossing t0Principle schematic.
Specific embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, detailed embodiment and concrete is given
Operating process, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail：
Referring to 4 and Fig. 5, a kind of method for calculating ultrasonic propagation time for ultrasonic flowmeter, ultrasonic transducer
Transmitting terminal launches ultrasonic signal, and ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal receives ultrasound echo signal, the calculating of ultrasonic propagation time
Method comprises the steps：
1) the echo amplitude maximum point x in the echo signal sample value that ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal is received is foundmax；
2) echo amplitude maximum point x is asked for respectivelymaxEcho w in the residing cycleh1Energy and with the echo amplitude
The energy of the echo in close several cycles in cycle residing for maximum point, determines backward energy in the echo in the above-mentioned cycle most
Big value Emax.The present invention typically asks for respectively including echo wh1The energy of the echo in interior multiple adjacent periods.Preferably,
The present invention ask for respectively the energy of echo in the cycle residing for echo amplitude maximum point and with the echo amplitude maximum point institute
Place's cycle it is close before and after echo in each two or three adjacent periods energy, determine backward energy maximum Emax.Such as this
Embodiment is asked for including echo w respectivelyh1Echo w in five interior adjacent periods1、w2、wh1、w4、w5ENERGY E1、E2、
Eh1、E4、E5.Wherein, E4For backward energy maximum E in the echo in five adjacent periodsmax.Echo in each cycle
Energy is the summation that the amplitude of all sampled points in the cycle is added.Such as backward energy EiCalculated by following formula：Ei=xi+xi+1
+…+xi+n, in formula, i is echo wiZero point, n be echo a cycle sampled point number, xiFor echo amplitude.Echo
w1、w2Positioned at echo wh1Before, echo w4、w5Positioned at echo wh1Afterwards.
3) according to formula Eth=Emax×SEObtain threshold value Eth, wherein, coefficient SEValue take two neighboring backward energy value with most
Big value EmaxMaximum two ratio values of ratio difference mean value.The present embodiment is by E1/EmaxWith E2/EmaxDifference, E2/
EmaxWith Eh1/EmaxDifference, Eh1/EmaxWith E4/EmaxDifference, E4/EmaxWith E5/EmaxDifference be compared, draw 4 differences
E in value4/EmaxWith E5/EmaxDifference it is maximum, then coefficient SEValue takes E4/EmaxWith E5/EmaxMean value.Coefficient SEValue is taken at 0-1
Between.Threshold value E of the present embodimentthMore than ENERGY E1, ENERGY E2, ENERGY E5, less than ENERGY Eh1, ENERGY E4。
4) according to cycle sequences first is found more than threshold value EthBackward energy corresponding to cycle in echo conduct
Reference wave wReference wave, reference wave wReference waveFor the ripple that first energy is more than threshold value.Echo w in the present embodimenth1For first energy
More than the ripple of threshold value, therefore, the w of the present embodimentReference waveFor echo wh1.Then reference wave w is calculatedReference waveZero crossing when
Between t0, according to formula T=t0+ t' can obtain ultrasonic propagation time T, and in formula, t' is a fixed value.In reference wave
wReference waveIn, if amplitude x of nth pointnAmplitude x with (n+1)th pointn+1Opposite polarity is the amplitude polarity phase of adjacent two sampled point
Inverse time then carries out linear interpolation arithmetic, calculates reference wave wReference waveSignal zero-crossing time t0.By the echo-signal for calculating
Coordinate xZero crossingAs signal zero-crossing time t0, as shown in figure 5, the zero crossing time t that linear interpolation is calculated0：
The present embodiment is by step 2) energy of echo in each cycle for calculating is according to cycle sequences and step
3) threshold value E for obtainingthIt is compared, using the echo in the cycle corresponding to first backward energy more than threshold value as benchmark
Ripple wReference wave。
T' is calculated in the case of zero delivery：When the fluid in ultrasonic flowmeter pipeline is static by measuring sound channel
Length and now T of accurate propagation time is calculated according to the velocity of sound now0, while calculating the zero crossing pair under zero flow velocity
The time t' for answering0, then t'=t'0-T0。
The following current time t that the present invention is asked for by said method1With adverse current time t2With higher accuracy, Neng Gouman
The measurement request of sufficient ultrasonic flowmeter.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, the present invention is not limited to, it is clear that those skilled in the art
Member the present invention can be carried out it is various change and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.So, if the present invention
These modifications and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these
Including change and modification.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of for ultrasonic flowmeter calculate ultrasonic propagation time method, it is characterised in that ultrasonic transducer send out
End transmitting ultrasonic signal is penetrated, ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal receives ultrasound echo signal, the calculating side of ultrasonic propagation time
Method comprises the steps：
1) the echo amplitude maximum point in the echo signal sample value that ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal is received is found；
2) ask for respectively echo in the cycle residing for echo amplitude maximum point energy and with the echo amplitude maximum point institute
The energy of the echo in close several cycles place's cycle, determines backward energy maximum Emax；
3) according to formula Eth=Emax×SEObtain threshold value Eth, wherein, coefficient SEValue takes two neighboring backward energy value and maximum
EmaxMaximum two ratio values of ratio difference mean value；
4) according to echo cycle sequences first is found more than threshold value EthBackward energy corresponding to cycle in echo conduct
Reference wave wReference wave, calculate reference wave wReference waveZero crossing time t0, according to formula T=t0+ t' can obtain ultrasonic wave
Propagation time T, in formula, t' is a fixed value related to ultrasonic flowmeter.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The energy of the echo in each cycle is the institute in the cycle
The summation that the amplitude for having sampled point is added.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In reference wave wReference waveIn, if the width of adjacent two sampled point
Linear interpolation arithmetic is then carried out during value opposite polarity, reference wave w is calculatedReference waveSignal zero-crossing time t0。
4. the method according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：T' is calculated in the case of zero delivery：Work as supersonic flow
Now accurately passed by measuring the length and calculating according to the velocity of sound now of sound channel when fluid in gauge pipeline is static
T between sowing time0, while calculating the corresponding time t' of zero crossing under zero flow velocity0, then t'=t'0-T0。
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By step 2) echo in each cycle for calculating
Energy is according to cycle sequences and step 3) threshold value E that obtainsthIt is compared, by corresponding to first backward energy more than threshold value
Cycle in echo as reference wave wReference wave。
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) week residing for the echo amplitude maximum point is asked for respectively
The energy of the echo in the phase and in front and back each two or three adjacent periods close with the cycle residing for echo amplitude maximum point
The energy of interior echo, determines backward energy maximum Emax。
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107131918A (en) * | 2017-07-02 | 2017-09-05 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of low-consumption ultrasonic flow measurement meter echo signal processing method and circuit |
| CN107621292A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-01-23 | 辽宁航宇星物联仪表科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic water meter mistake ripple compensation method of family |
| CN107860430A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-30 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic gas flowmeter measurement method for time difference based on time difference method |
| CN108548578A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-18 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of ultrasonic echo signal characteristic peak recognition methods based on adaptive threshold |
| CN109931996A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-25 | 天津大学 | A kind of method of accurate measurement gas ultrasonic flowmeter signal propagation time |
| CN110988853A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic arrival time calculation method based on effective peak value |
| CN111024218A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave correlation detection method based on automatic tracking |
| CN111044110A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-21 | 河北工业大学 | Gas ultrasonic flowmeter signal processing method based on similarity analysis |
| CN111323101A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 成都千嘉科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive automatic calibration method for ultrasonic meter |
| CN111721966A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 北京奥特美克科技股份有限公司 | Flow velocity measuring method, device and equipment based on time difference method and readable storage medium |
| CN112070017A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic fingerprint identification method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113758543A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-07 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic flowmeter time difference stable measurement method based on envelope threshold value-peak value method |
| CN114111972A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江威星智能仪表股份有限公司 | Method for automatically adjusting echo of ultrasonic meter |
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| CN107131918A (en) * | 2017-07-02 | 2017-09-05 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of low-consumption ultrasonic flow measurement meter echo signal processing method and circuit |
| CN107131918B (en) * | 2017-07-02 | 2023-09-12 | 中国计量大学 | Echo signal processing method and circuit of low-power-consumption ultrasonic flowmeter |
| CN107621292A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-01-23 | 辽宁航宇星物联仪表科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic water meter mistake ripple compensation method of family |
| CN107860430A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-30 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic gas flowmeter measurement method for time difference based on time difference method |
| CN108548578A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-18 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of ultrasonic echo signal characteristic peak recognition methods based on adaptive threshold |
| CN108548578B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-01-03 | 中国计量大学 | Ultrasonic echo signal characteristic peak identification method based on self-adaptive threshold |
| CN109931996B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-07-17 | 天津大学 | Method for accurately measuring signal propagation time of gas ultrasonic flowmeter |
| CN109931996A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-25 | 天津大学 | A kind of method of accurate measurement gas ultrasonic flowmeter signal propagation time |
| CN111044110A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-21 | 河北工业大学 | Gas ultrasonic flowmeter signal processing method based on similarity analysis |
| CN110988853A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic arrival time calculation method based on effective peak value |
| CN111024218B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-11-26 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave correlation detection method based on automatic tracking |
| CN111024218A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave correlation detection method based on automatic tracking |
| CN111323101B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-01-04 | 成都千嘉科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive automatic calibration method for ultrasonic meter |
| CN111323101A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 成都千嘉科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive automatic calibration method for ultrasonic meter |
| CN111721966A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 北京奥特美克科技股份有限公司 | Flow velocity measuring method, device and equipment based on time difference method and readable storage medium |
| CN112070017A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic fingerprint identification method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113758543A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-07 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic flowmeter time difference stable measurement method based on envelope threshold value-peak value method |
| CN113758543B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-11-03 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic flowmeter time difference stable measurement method based on envelope threshold-peak value method |
| CN114111972A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江威星智能仪表股份有限公司 | Method for automatically adjusting echo of ultrasonic meter |
| CN114111972B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-17 | 浙江威星智能仪表股份有限公司 | Method for automatically adjusting echo of ultrasonic meter |
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