CN106639460A - Self-restoration energy-consuming cable support system for multi-high-layer steel frame structure - Google Patents
Self-restoration energy-consuming cable support system for multi-high-layer steel frame structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106639460A CN106639460A CN201610985997.XA CN201610985997A CN106639460A CN 106639460 A CN106639460 A CN 106639460A CN 201610985997 A CN201610985997 A CN 201610985997A CN 106639460 A CN106639460 A CN 106639460A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-restoration energy-consuming cable support system for a multi-high-layer steel frame structure. The self-restoration energy-consuming cable support system comprises cable supports, support energy-consuming devices, connecting base plates and the like. Each cable support comprises a long cable and two short cables. Each support energy-consuming device comprises a large U-shaped notch, a small U-shaped notch, slipping high-strength bolt groups on the two sides of the corresponding cable support, energy-consuming steel ribs or steel rods, a pedestal base plate, steel rib and steel cable end socket anchorage devices and pedestal anchoring bolts. Each support cable is in series connection with the corresponding support energy-consuming device to form a self-restoration energy-consuming support system. The working mode of the support system is different from that of a traditional support, the energy-consuming devices are stored on the corners of a frame, and every two diagonal energy-consuming devices are in series connection with each other through the corresponding steel cable to form the X-shaped energy-consuming cable support system. Under the reciprocating load effect of the structure, X-shaped supports are alternatively pulled to be in a working state, and the structure can be pulled to an original position through internal force of the steel cables. According to the self-restoration energy-consuming cable support system for the multi-high-layer steel frame structure, through combination of high-strength cables, friction energy consumption, metal stretching and retracting energy consumption and self restoration, a good anti-knock self-restoration energy-consuming support is provided.
Description
Technical field
The rope support system the present invention relates to a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting consumes energy, belongs to steel construction application technology
Field.
Background technology
Steel construction has the strength of materials high, industrialization and industrialization level height, short construction period, anti-seismic performance be good, steel
Recyclable many advantages, such as, the green building for be advantageous for energy-conservation, section material, economizing on water and saving land, and popularization and application
Steel construction is the behave with its own strategic significance of " hiding steel in the people ".
Steel frame supporting structure applies to one of common structure form of multi and tall steel building.In horizontal earthquake action
Under, support undertakes most of horizontal loading, the Lateral resisting ability of enhancing structure.Traditional bracing members are under tension and compression reciprocating load
Easily there is unstable failure and deactivate, affect structural seismic performance.Using anti-buckling support, though can prevent from supporting there is unstability
Destruction, but because anti-buckling support is without runback bit function, structure residual deformation is big after shake, and rehabilitation cost is high, and has runback bit function
Anti-buckling support structure it is complicated.Supported using prestressed cable, the elastic restoring force wrung using height realizes Self-resetting after shake,
Power consumption occurs in steel frame agent structure, but the bad process of agent structure residual deformation, repairs difficulty also very big.So, such as
There is no unstable failure and can also have power consumption and runback bit function on the premise of failing concurrently in fruit, i.e. power consumption and remnants in support itself
Deformation is occurred mainly in support, rather than on main body frame, support member need to be only replaced after shake and is capable of achieving structure repair,
This is undoubtedly easily to repairing after structure shake.
Prestressing force power consumption rope proposed by the present invention is supported, and is wrung efficient combination by energy-dissipating device and height and is formed.Using rope
The characteristics of support can serve as support and can play Self-resetting and act on, energy-dissipating device is attached to into the realization of rope supporting base end portion and is consumed energy.In advance should
Power power consumption rope is supported and is in series by power consumption section and wire rope section, and system is relatively light and handy, and power consumption section is consumed using friction energy-dissipating and material
Power consumption technology can be combined, the support of self reset curvature-prevention type is compared, light structure is simple, clearly, rehabilitation cost is reduced operation principle.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting power consumption rope for belonging to steel construction applied technical field
Support system.Its object is to the Lateral resisting ability of raising frame structure simultaneously, there is provided power consumption and runback bit function, reduce earthquake calamity
And for structure repair provides convenient after shake.The support system supports each part to be in elastic working shape under frequently occurred earthquake effect
State, realization body structure is without damage with support, can continue the aseismic fortification objects for normally using.In geological process of setting up defences
Under, mainly Dissipated energy is come by the friction between the U-type groove wall of energy-dissipating device and the material plasticity deformation of power consumption reinforcing bar or power consumption rod iron
Amount, and agent structure and height are wrung and realize Self-resetting after shake in elastic state all the time.Replace the power consumption of support after shake again
Device, recovers overall structure function, realizes that Jing is general and repairs the aseismic fortification objects that may continue to use.Make in rarely occurred earthquake
With under, dissipate except the friction between the U-type groove wall using energy-dissipating device and the material plasticity deformation of power consumption reinforcing bar or power consumption rod iron
Outside energy, there is plastic deformation and supplement power consumption in agent structure secondary position, but the height in supporting is wrung and be in all the time elastic shape
State, plays effective support effect, prevents overall structure from collapsing, and runback bit function is played after shake, realizes structure runback
Position.The energy-dissipating device of support is replaced after shake, so that it may realize the reparation of support function, such that it is able to improve reparation speed, reduced
Rehabilitation cost.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting power consumption rope
Support system, the Self-resetting energy dissipation brace system includes that rope is supported and support energy-dissipation device, and rope supports structure of connecting with support energy-dissipation device
Into Self-resetting energy dissipation brace system.
The rope is supported includes single long rope (1) and tackline (2)；The support energy-dissipation device includes large U type notch (3), little U
The anchorage of type groove mouth (4), two side slip high-strength bolts (5), power consumption reinforcing bar (6), pedestal bottom plate (7), reinforcing bar and cable wire termination
And pedestal anchor bolt (9) (8).
The large U type notch (3) includes upside outside plate (10), top board (11) and downside outside plate (12)；Little U-type groove mouth (4)
Including upper inner panel (13), base plate (14) and lower apodema (15).
Large U type notch (3) is relative with the concave surface of little U-type groove mouth (4), top board (11) and upside outside plate (10) and downside outside plate
(12) end is concordant, and base plate (14), should relative to a segment distance is received in the end of upper inner panel (13) and lower apodema (15)
Distance is to ensure to be placed between base plate (14) and pedestal bottom plate (7) anchorage (8) of reinforcing bar and cable wire termination；Upside outside plate (10)
Bottom surface fit together with the top surface of upper inner panel (13), the top surface and little U-type groove mouth of the downside outside plate (12) of large U type notch
The bottom surface of lower apodema (15) fits together；Positioned at the upper inner panel (13) and lower apodema (15) of the little U-type groove mouth of inner side
Round bolt hole is provided with, the upside outside plate (10) and downside outside plate (12) positioned at the large U type notch in outside is provided with sliding bolt hole；Institute
The one end for stating long rope (1) is anchored in top board (11) medial surface central spot by the anchorage (8) of reinforcing bar and cable wire termination；Tackline
(2) reinforcing bar (6) that, consumes energy is installed between top board (11) and base plate (14), tackline (2) arrangement parallel with power consumption reinforcing bar (6),
Tackline (2) has two and is lozenge with the section of power consumption reinforcing bar (6), and two tacklines (2) are respectively lozenge long-diagonal
Summit, the reinforcing bar (6) that consumes energy is arranged in the other positions of lozenge.
Sliding Bolt (5) arrangement is nut in inner side, and nut is in outside, nut and upside outside plate (10)
Top surface and the bottom surface of nut and downside outside plate (12) between friction shim is set.
The pedestal anchor bolt (9) is arranged in the corner of base plate (14), the position of pedestal anchor bolt (9)
Back gauge and end are met away from requiring；The nut of pedestal anchor bolt (9) is located at the top surface of base plate (14), pedestal anchor bolt (9)
Nut be located at pedestal bottom plate (7) bottom surface.
The little U-type groove mouth (4) is fixed notch, and large U type notch (3) is slip notch, the form and position energy of the two
Enough to exchange, when large U type notch (3) is used as fixed notch, the base plate form of large U type notch (3) is interior receipts structure and is reinforcing bar
Position is stopped with the anchorage (8) of cable wire termination；Bolt slip hole is always positioned on the side plate of slip notch, justifies bolt hole position all the time
On the side plate of fixed notch.
The upside outside plate (10) of the large U type notch (3), top board (11) and downside outside plate (12) are welded to each other composition notch
Shape, the upper inner panel (13) of little U-type groove mouth (4), base plate (14) and lower apodema (15) are welded to each other composition notch shape；Greatly
U-type groove mouth (3), little U-type groove mouth (4) adopt rolling mill practice straight forming, upside outside plate (10) and top board when producing in enormous quantities
(11), the company of downside outside plate (12) and top board (11), upper inner panel (13) and base plate (14), lower apodema (13) and base plate (14)
Socket part position is designed as arc-shaped, prevents stress concentration.
The energy consumer (16) is arranged in framework corner, and energy consumer (16) is by pedestal bottom plate (6) and triangular steel plate (17)
On the body construction, the hypotenuse of triangular steel plate (17) is welded on pedestal bottom plate (6) bottom surface axis for connection, and the two hangs down mutually
Directly；The right-angle side of triangular steel plate (17) two is respectively welded on frame column (18) and Vierendeel girder (19), is provided with bean column node and is added
Strength rib (20)；Single cable wire (1) and it is cascaded positioned at two diagonal energy consumers (16), forms X-type (chiasma type) and support
System.
To ensure the rubbing surface that the bottom surface of the top surface of downside outside plate (12) and the lower apodema (15) of little U-type groove mouth fits
Blasting treatment is done on enough frictional force, the surface that outside plate (12), lower apodema (15) contact with each other in downside, or on the surface
Friction copper sheet or other responsible measures are set.
The width of sliding bolt hole and the equal diameters of circle bolt hole；Power consumption reinforcing bar is divided into varying strength etc. by design requirement
Level and thickness, enter successively plasticity working condition during work, clearly, power consumption reinforcing bar (6) also can be replaced force-mechanism with power consumption rod iron
Generation；The arrangement number of pedestal anchor bolt (9) determines according to requirement for bearing capacity.
Sliding Bolt (5) arrangement form is arranged in juxtaposition for rectangle, and the bolt centralized arrangement of sliding Bolt (5) is in upside
Outside plate (10) and downside outside plate (12) surface, it is ensured that slipping does not produce eccentric bending moment, the middle-range of bolt, back gauge and end are away from equal
Meet the installation requirement of structure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall installation diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the integrated model exploded view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the reinforcing bar and tackline floor plan of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the pedestal bottom plate connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the support complete layout of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the overall structure figure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail：
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, Self-resetting of the invention power consumption rope support system is assembled together by all parts,
It is a large amount of to reduce welding job.Open up bolt circular hole and slip hole, the width in hole according to design requirement after each piece of sheet material ruling first
Degree is slightly larger than the diameter of screw rod, but unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid it is excessive to reduce bolt pretightening, the length of slip hole should be according to structure
Amount of side-shift size is determining.The upside outside plate and downside outside plate of large U type notch are respectively welded at into top board upper and lower ends, top board with
Two pieces of side plate right-hand members are concordant, and the upper inner panel of little U-type groove mouth and lower apodema are respectively welded at into base plate upper and lower ends, base plate phase
For biside plate is required to one segment distance of left inside receipts with ensureing anchorage anchoring.When large and small U-type groove mouth is installed, can be in the two side plate
Copper coin friction plate or other friction materials are set between contact surface, after installation on upper and lower side plate first mounting slip bolt,
To play positioning action, bolt does not now apply pretightning force, facilitates the installation and anchoring of later stage reinforcing bar and cable wire.
As shown in Figure 3, double tacklines and reinforcing bar are placed between large and small U-type groove mouth, and reinforcing bar two ends are threaded by twisting
Nut is anchored or other modes anchoring.First reinforcing bar and cable wire left end anchorage be anchored at into little U-type groove mouth base plate left side during installation
On face, reinforcing bar right-hand member wouldn't be anchored, and the large and small U-type groove mouth with reinforcing bar and cable wire is placed on pedestal bottom plate, with anchoring spiral shell
Bolt is fixed, and anchor bolt is tightened.Long Suo Yiduan is goed deep in large U type notch top board, it is long by long rope anchoring temporarily on the inside of top board
Rope is in relaxed state.Large U type notch is moved to into its slip hole high order end to align with little U-type groove mouth bolt hole and use high-strength spiral shell
Bolt is tightened, and tensioning tackline applies small prestressing force and fixed tackline.Unscrew high-strength bolt, large U type notch is moved to into its sliding
Hole low order end aligns with little U-type groove mouth bolt hole and sliding high-strength bolt is screwed to into specified pretightning force, and tackline is in lax shape
State.The reinforcing bar right-hand member that stress is participated under frequently occurred earthquake is fastened with notch Roof, is joined again under set up defences earthquake and rarely occurred earthquake
The length surplus capacity for reserving calculating determination with the reinforcing bar of stress is fixed again.The long rope of tensioning applies small prestressing force so as in
Tight state.Under frequently occurred earthquake, part reinforcing bar and long rope cooperation play resilient support effect.Set up defences under earthquake, according to performance
Change design requirement, remaining all or part of reinforcing bar enters working condition, with the increase for supporting suffered pulling force, reinforcing bar successively bend by tension
Into mecystasis power consumption, side plate friction energy-dissipating, the reinforcing bar, tackline and long rope cooperation in elastic stage rises to support to be made clothes
With tackline plays Self-resetting effect after shake with long rope.Under rarely occurred earthquake, the surrender of whole reinforcing bar tensions enters mecystasis, tackline with
Long rope is still in elastic stage, it is ensured that play Self-resetting effect after structure shake.
Reinforcing bar or rod iron determine different intensity grades and thickness according to design needs, can successively surrender during tension
Consume energy into plasticity.
As shown in figures 4 and 5, it is to obtain preferably power consumption and Self-resetting effect, energy consumer should be in a Pin frameworks
Corner disposes, and pedestal bottom plate can be welded in frame structure beam column joint angle portion after set square splices, and energy consumer is by anchoring
Bolt be arranged on pedestal bottom plate on, energy consumer Jing earthquake or other effect breakage after quick release.With two X-types arrangement
Cable wire will link together in two diagonal energy consumers, and in structure stress deformation process, two groups of diagonal braces alternately enter work
Make state.Due to cable wire can only tension, therefore the Self-resetting power consumption rope of the present invention supports mainly by tension to complete power consumption,
Support body is tied up to after pulling force is removed and structure can be retracted into original position by the internal force of cable wire, so as to realize Self-resetting process.Receive in system
During stretched in tension, power consumption section enters plasticity, the steel plate of large and small U-type groove mouth and receives using side plate friction, reinforcing bar or rod iron tension
Power surrender enters the modes such as plasticity and realizes power consumption.
To ensure the power consumption demand in support system each stage, power consumption reinforcing bar or rod iron should be needed using mild steel according to design and
Different intensity grades steel.Large and small U-type groove mouth should adopt high strength steel, the requirement of collateral security energy consumer rigidity.Cable wire should be adopted
With underrelaxation high intensity rope material, anchorage should also meet the requirement of strength and stiffness.Side plate rubbing surface should be larger from coefficient of friction
Packing material, or using other measures increase rubbing surface number.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：The Self-resetting energy dissipation brace body
System includes that rope is supported and support energy-dissipation device, and rope is supported and support energy-dissipation device Self-resetting energy dissipation brace system in series；
The rope is supported includes single long rope (1) and tackline (2)；The support energy-dissipation device includes large U type notch (3), little U-type groove
Mouthful (4), two side slip high-strength bolts (5), power consumption reinforcing bar (6), pedestal bottom plate (7), the anchorage (8) of reinforcing bar and cable wire termination and
Pedestal anchor bolt (9)；
The large U type notch (3) includes upside outside plate (10), top board (11) and downside outside plate (12)；Little U-type groove mouth (4) includes
Upper inner panel (13), base plate (14) and lower apodema (15)；
Large U type notch (3) is relative with the concave surface of little U-type groove mouth (4), top board (11) and upside outside plate (10) and downside outside plate (12)
End it is concordant, base plate (14) is relative to one segment distance of receipts, the distance in the end of upper inner panel (13) and lower apodema (15)
To the anchorage (8) for ensureing to be placed between base plate (14) and pedestal bottom plate (7) reinforcing bar and cable wire termination；The bottom of upside outside plate (10)
Face fits together with the top surface of upper inner panel (13), on the downside of the top surface of the downside outside plate (12) of large U type notch and little U-type groove mouth
The bottom surface of inner panel (15) fits together；Upper inner panel (13) and lower apodema (15) positioned at the little U-type groove mouth of inner side is provided with
Circle bolt hole, the upside outside plate (10) and downside outside plate (12) positioned at the large U type notch in outside is provided with sliding bolt hole；The length
One end of rope (1) is anchored in top board (11) medial surface central spot by the anchorage (8) of reinforcing bar and cable wire termination；Tackline (2), consumption
Energy reinforcing bar (6) is installed between top board (11) and base plate (14), tackline (2) arrangement parallel with power consumption reinforcing bar (6), tackline
(2) two are had and it is lozenge with the section of power consumption reinforcing bar (6), two tacklines (2) is respectively the top of lozenge long-diagonal
Point, the reinforcing bar (6) that consumes energy is arranged in the other positions of lozenge；
Sliding Bolt (5) arrangement is nut in inner side, top surface of the nut in outside, nut and upside outside plate (10)
And friction shim is set between the bottom surface of nut and downside outside plate (12)；
The pedestal anchor bolt (9) is arranged in the corner of base plate (14), and the position of pedestal anchor bolt (9) will expire
Sufficient back gauge and end are away from requiring；The nut of pedestal anchor bolt (9) is located at the top surface of base plate (14), the spiral shell of pedestal anchor bolt (9)
Mother is positioned at the bottom surface of pedestal bottom plate (7).
2. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
The little U-type groove mouth (4) is fixed notch, and large U type notch (3) is slip notch, and the form of the two and position can exchange, when
When large U type notch (3) is as fixed notch, the base plate form of large U type notch (3) is interior receipts structure and is reinforcing bar and cable wire termination
Anchorage (8) stop position；Bolt slip hole is always positioned on the side plate of slip notch, and circle bolt hole is always positioned at fixing notch
Side plate on.
3. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
The upside outside plate (10) of the large U type notch (3), top board (11) and downside outside plate (12) are welded to each other composition notch shape, little U
The upper inner panel (13) of type groove mouth (4), base plate (14) and lower apodema (15) are welded to each other composition notch shape；Large U type notch
(3), little U-type groove mouth (4) adopts rolling mill practice straight forming when producing in enormous quantities, upside outside plate (10) and top board (11), under
The connecting portion of side outside plate (12) and top board (11), upper inner panel (13) and base plate (14), lower apodema (13) and base plate (14)
Arc-shaped is designed as, stress concentration is prevented.
4. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
The energy consumer (16) is arranged in framework corner, and energy consumer (16) is connected to master by pedestal bottom plate (6) and triangular steel plate (17)
In body structure, the hypotenuse of triangular steel plate (17) is welded on pedestal bottom plate (6) bottom surface axis, and the two is orthogonal；Triangular steel
The right-angle side of plate (17) two is respectively welded on frame column (18) and Vierendeel girder (19), and ribbed stiffener (20) is provided with bean column node；
Single cable wire (1) and it is cascaded positioned at two diagonal energy consumers (16), forms X-type (chiasma type) support system.
5. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
The rubbing surface that fits of bottom surface to ensure the top surface of downside outside plate (12) and the lower apodema (15) of little U-type groove mouth is enough to rub
Power is wiped, blasting treatment is done on the surface that outside plate (12), lower apodema (15) contact with each other in downside, or arranges friction on the surface
Copper sheet.
6. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
The width of sliding bolt hole and the equal diameters of circle bolt hole；Power consumption reinforcing bar is divided into different intensity grades and thick by design requirement
Carefully, plasticity working condition is entered during work successively, clearly, power consumption reinforcing bar (6) also can be substituted force-mechanism with power consumption rod iron；Pedestal
The arrangement number of anchor bolt (9) determines according to requirement for bearing capacity.
7. a kind of multi ＆ tall steel frame structure Self-resetting according to claim 1 consumes energy rope support system, it is characterised in that：
Sliding Bolt (5) arrangement form is arranged in juxtaposition for rectangle, and the bolt centralized arrangement of sliding Bolt (5) is in upside outside plate (10)
With downside outside plate (12) surface, it is ensured that slipping does not produce eccentric bending moment, the middle-range of bolt, back gauge and end are away from being satisfied by structure
Installation requirement.
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| CN201610985997.XA CN106639460B (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | A kind of multi & tall steel frame structure Self-resetting energy consumption rope support system |
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| CN201610985997.XA CN106639460B (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | A kind of multi & tall steel frame structure Self-resetting energy consumption rope support system |
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| CN107687282A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-02-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of assembling type steel structure Self-resetting energy dissipation brace device |
| CN107905401A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-13 | 中铁建设集团北京工程有限公司 | A kind of assembling type steel structure H profile steel Self-resetting energy dissipation brace device |
| CN108316732A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of T shapes H profile steel prestressing force Self-resetting friction damped braced |
| CN108385520A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-10 | 金陵科技学院 | The energy consumption drag-line support of friction-type pre-compressed spring Self-resetting |
| CN108457396A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-28 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of T shapes rectangular steel pipe prestressing force Self-resetting friction damped braced |
| CN108532836A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-14 | 扬州大学 | A kind of novel damping Self-resetting energy consumption drag-line support device |
| WO2019009814A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Aja Enterprises Pte. Ltd. | A cable anchoring device and a shock absorption system comprising thereof |
| CN112282094A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-29 | 东南大学 | Steel structure node capable of dissipating energy by stages and replacing energy dissipation elements |
| CN112814190A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-18 | 广州大学 | Bending energy-consuming type cable system support |
| CN112982708A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-18 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | Alleviate two-way metal consumer of assembled self-reset dumbbell shape of film effect |
| CN115405010A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 中铁二局集团建筑有限公司 | Energy consumption segment and segment type combined buckling-restrained energy consumption support structure |
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