CN106636591B - A kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling method of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel - Google Patents
A kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling method of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106636591B CN106636591B CN201510753181.XA CN201510753181A CN106636591B CN 106636591 B CN106636591 B CN 106636591B CN 201510753181 A CN201510753181 A CN 201510753181A CN 106636591 B CN106636591 B CN 106636591B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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Abstract
The present invention relates to steel and iron manufacturing field, the controlled rolling and controlled cooling method of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the invention includes the following steps：Big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece after roughing carry out more simultaneously it is air-cooled；Finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece；Rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling.The present invention is to be classified the production technology that water cooling is combined using the air-cooled rolled piece single after finish rolling of more rolled pieces before finish rolling.It can be under conditions of not influence of rolled rhythm, pass through air cooling time before control finish rolling, realize the temperature-controlled rolling in two-phase section temperature range of large scale rod bar, in conjunction with the classification water cooling after finish rolling, the smart cooling velocity after rolling of control, to realize that larger specification bearing steel achievees the effect that reduce net carbide rank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to steel and iron manufacturing field, more particularly to the controlled rolling and controlled cooling method of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel.
Background technology
High-carbon-chromium bearing steel is one kind in bearing steel, is the most frequently used steel grade for manufacturing bearing and bearing parts.High carbon chromium
The most commonly used is GCr15 and GCr15SiMn in bearing steel.
Currently, High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar temperature-controlled rolling technique is to use pre- water cooling by the fast prompt drop in rolled piece surface before finish rolling
Then temperature passes through the after-applied certain rolling reduction of certain time samming；After finish rolling, then rolled piece is cooled to by certain using water cooling
One temperature, to obtain required tissue and performance.
Such technique is more satisfactory compared with the temperature-controlled rolling effect of small dimension bearing steel less than 80mm for cross section diameter.But
It is to be more than the bearing steel of 80mm for cross section diameter, the application of pre- water cooling is restricted, and main cause is as follows：
1) blank specification is larger.In order to ensure the internal soundness of bearing steel, larger compression ratio should be used.It is big for diameter
In the bearing steel of 80mm, blank section used is generally in 76000mm2More than (square billet for being equivalent to length of side 275mm), pre- water cooling is rolled
Part specification is about Φ 115mm, and core table temperature gradient is too big after cooling, so being extremely difficult to the effect of temperature-controlled rolling using pre- water cooling
Fruit.
2) heating temperature is higher.In order to eliminate the carbide liquid-extraction in strand, improve carbide strip and netted uneven
Property, higher heating temperature should be used.For GCr15 continuous casting billets, heating temperature is 1180~1220 DEG C.
3) finishing temperature is relatively low.In order to control net carbide rank, the lower finishing temperature of generally use.To big specification
Bar, the temperature are 750~850 DEG C.
4) rolled piece internal stress is larger.Due to blank and product specification is larger, temperature drop amplitude requirement is high, if using cooling speed
Faster water cooling is spent, the rolled piece heart table temperature difference and internal stress can be larger, be easy to cause surface defect.
5) samming distance is longer.Since temperature drop is big, required equal temperature time and samming distance, it means that the entire production line
It is elongated.Under normal conditions, it is difficult to realize due to the limitation of site condition.
Since there are no suitable cooling controlling and rolling controlling process for big specification bearing steel bar at present, conventional hot rolling can only be used
Technique, net carbide rank is higher, increases heating or the heat treatment cost of downstream process.Therefore, it is suitable that there is an urgent need to one kind
Change production status unfavorable at present for the cooling controlling and rolling controlling process of big specification bearing steel.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling sides suitable for big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel
Method, the big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel carbide rank obtained using this method is low, good product performance.
The invention discloses a kind of cooling controlling and rolling controlling process of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, include the following steps：
(A) the big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece after roughing carry out more simultaneously it is air-cooled；
(B) finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece；
(C) rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling.
Preferably, the rolled piece takes off head rolling between two units of roughing and finish rolling, and has more rolled pieces in roughing
It is realized between mm finishing mill unit continuous air-cooled.
Preferably, before the roughing, steel billet tapping temperature is 1180~1220 DEG C.
Preferably, when the finish rolling starts, the temperature of rolled piece is 750~850 DEG C.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the water cooling is more than or equal to 3~5 DEG C/s, and rolled piece temperature is less than or equal to 700 after cooling
℃。
Compared with prior art, the cooling controlling and rolling controlling process of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the invention, includes the following steps：
(A) the big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece after roughing carry out more simultaneously it is air-cooled；
(B) finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece；
(C) rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling.
Carried out before finish rolling it is air-cooled, control finish rolling completed in two-phase section temperature range so that the austenite of non-recrystallization
The carbide being first precipitated further is elongated by plastic deformation, crystal grain, forms a large amount of dislocations so that makes the carbonization being first precipitated
Object net forms the carbide particle of the tiny small strip of dispersion.Coordinate water cooling after finish rolling, accelerates cooling, prevent hypereutectoid carbon
Compound intercrystalline precipitation obtains fewer and thin carbide network in the tissue after rolling.Finally so that larger specification bearing
Steel achievees the effect that reduce net carbide rank.The experimental results showed that rule prepared by controlled rolling and controlled cooling method according to the invention
Lattice are not more than Φ 90mm bearing steels, and core net carbide rank is not more than 2.5；Specification is the axis of Φ 95mm~Φ 120mm
Steel is held, 1/2R radius net carbide ranks are not more than 2.5, and core is not more than 3.0, reaches existing national standard GB/T 18254-
2002 for material net carbide rank requirement of annealing in the specification limit；Specification is the bearing steel of Φ 125mm~Φ 130mm,
1/2R radius net carbide ranks are not more than 3.5 no more than 2.5 cores.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the first controlled rolling and controlled cooling region technology arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is second of controlled rolling and controlled cooling region technology arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the third controlled rolling and controlled cooling region technology arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is specification Φ 90mm bearing steel bar temp change curves；
Fig. 5 is specification Φ 110mm bearing steel bar temp change curves；
Fig. 6 is specification Φ 120mm bearing steel bar temp change curves；
Fig. 7 is specification Φ 130mm bearing steel bar temp change curves.
Specific implementation mode
For a further understanding of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to embodiment, still
It should be appreciated that these descriptions are only the feature and advantage further illustrated the present invention, rather than to the claims in the present invention
Limitation.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling methods of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, include the following steps：
(A) the big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece after roughing carry out more simultaneously it is air-cooled；
(B) finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece；
(C) rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling；
The cooling rate of the water cooling is more than or equal to 3~5 DEG C/s, and rolled piece temperature is less than or equal to 700 DEG C after cooling.
The present invention is a kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling method suitable for big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, can be obtained by this method
To the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of composite demand.The big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the present invention refers to the high-carbon that cross section diameter is more than 80mm
Chromium bearing steel.
According to the present invention, the big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece after roughing is carried out first air-cooled.Before the roughing, steel
Base tapping temperature is preferably 1180~1220 DEG C.
It is described it is air-cooled can implement according to 3 kinds of modes, met in continuous production according to 3 kinds of modes empty before finish rolling
The demand of cold cooling：
The first embodiment, referring to Fig. 1.
Two temperature control racks placed side by side are set between roughing mills and mm finishing mill unit,
If rolled piece cross-sectional area is A0, length of rolled piece L0；Horizontal direction distance is Lx between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, is erected
Histogram is Ly to distance, and ancillary equipment technique distance is La between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, and rolling rhythm t0 is wanted according to temperature drop
Cooling time required for asking is t, rolled piece straight trip speed is Sx, transverse moving speed Sy, traversing distance Ls, while cooling rolled piece root
Number is N, and rolled piece cross-sectional area after roughing mills is A1, is A2 using cross-sectional area after mm finishing mill unit,
Its realization method is：The rolled piece come is rolled out by roughing mills by the lower part of the first temperature control rack to be entered, then
It is pushed to the first temperature control rack top, moves to the second temperature control rack top, is finally moved to the second temperature control rack lower part, thus
It enters back into mm finishing mill unit and carries out finish rolling.
As Ly=0：Lx=2 × L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)/2；
N=t/t0.
Second of embodiment, referring to Fig. 2.
One temperature control rack is set between roughing mills and mm finishing mill unit, takes off head roller-way and is arranged among temperature control rack.
If rolled piece cross-sectional area is A0, length of rolled piece L0；Horizontal direction distance is Lx between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, is erected
Histogram is Ly to distance, and ancillary equipment technique distance is La between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, and rolling rhythm t0 is wanted according to temperature drop
Cooling time required for asking is t, rolled piece straight trip speed is Sx, transverse moving speed Sy, traversing distance Ls, while cooling rolled piece root
Number is N, and rolled piece cross-sectional area after roughing mills is A1, is A2 using cross-sectional area after mm finishing mill unit,
Its realization method is：Roll out the rolled piece come by entering in the middle part of temperature control rack by roughing mills, gradually on move on to
Temperature control rack top, when the 1st rolled piece is cooled to set point of temperature, the 1st rolled piece is placed on de- by the whole translation downwards of rolled piece
On head roller-way, thus enters mm finishing mill unit and carry out finish rolling, and so on.The set point of temperature is temperature when finish rolling starts
750~850 DEG C.
As Ly=0：Lx=L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)；
N=t/t0.
The third embodiment, referring to Fig. 3.
One temperature control rack is set between roughing mills and mm finishing mill unit,
If rolled piece cross-sectional area is A0, length of rolled piece L0；Horizontal direction distance is Lx between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, is erected
Histogram is Ly to distance, and ancillary equipment technique distance is La between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, and rolling rhythm t0 is wanted according to temperature drop
Cooling time required for asking is t, rolled piece straight trip speed is Sx, transverse moving speed Sy, traversing distance Ls, while cooling rolled piece root
Number is N, and rolled piece cross-sectional area after roughing mills is A1, is A2 using cross-sectional area after mm finishing mill unit,
Its realization method is：
By roughing mills roll out come rolled piece by temperature control rack lower part enter, gradually on move on to thermal station frame top,
When being cooled to set point of temperature, rolled piece moves to the horizontal direction of mm finishing mill unit, thus enters mm finishing mill unit and carries out finish rolling.It is described
Set point of temperature is 750~850 DEG C of temperature when finish rolling starts.
As Ly ≠ 0：Lx=L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)；
Ly=Ls；
N=t/t0.
According to the present invention, after carrying out process air cooler, finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece.When the finish rolling starts, roll
The temperature of part is 750~850 DEG C, and finish rolling is completed in the two-phase section rolling temperature section, by being conducive to so that carbide particle is tiny,
To reduce carbide rank.The present invention is not particularly limited the method for specific finish rolling, ripe according to those skilled in the art
The mode known carries out.In order to meet fast, economical, cost-effective principle, it is preferred that the rolled piece is in roughing and finish rolling
Head rolling is taken off between two units, and there there are more rolled pieces to be realized between roughing and mm finishing mill unit to be air-cooled.
After finish rolling, the rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling.After finish rolling, rolled piece reaches 800 by deformation heating
~900 DEG C.The rolled piece after reading finish rolling is needed rapidly to be cooled down.The cooling rate of the water cooling is more than or equal to 3~5 DEG C/s,
Rolled piece temperature is less than or equal to 700 DEG C after cooling.
According to the present invention, the total deformation A0-A2 of the big specification bearing steel after controlled rolling and controlled cooling method)/A0 >=93%；
Finish rolling deflection：(A1-A2)/A1 ≈ 50%；Specification is not more than Φ 90mm bearing steels, and core net carbide rank is not more than
2.5；Specification is the bearing steel of Φ 95mm~Φ 120mm, and 1/2R radius net carbide ranks are not more than 2.5, and core is not more than
3.0, reach existing national standard GB/T 18254-2002 for material net carbide rank requirement of annealing in the specification limit；Specification
For the bearing steel of Φ 125mm~Φ 130mm, 1/2R radius net carbide ranks are not more than 2.5, and core is not more than 3.5.
For a further understanding of the present invention, with reference to embodiment to big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel provided by the invention
Controlled rolling and controlled cooling method is described in detail, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
1 controlled rolling and controlled cooling Φ 90mm bearing steel bars of embodiment
Heating steel billet is come out of the stove to 1200 DEG C, after high-pressure water descaling, 12 passages, mid-section Φ are rolled in thick
120mm cools down (such as Fig. 1) in stepping through traversing rack, while cooling radical is 2, temperature control after five minutes, rolled piece surface temperature
Degree reaches 800 DEG C, and core table temperature gradient is 78 DEG C, and mm finishing mill unit is entered after crop end and rolls 4 passages, rolls into final finished Φ
90mm, finish to gauge speed are 1.57m/s, go out after mm finishing mill unit to immediately enter and roll rear water cooling section and be quickly cooled down, cold bed reply in control
Temperature is 650 DEG C, then continues Slow cooling on cold bed, and complete follow-up Cut-to-length collection process.Rear water cooling section is rolled by 3 sets of water
Case forms, and section of rising again often is arranged between set water tank, and control rolled piece cooling rear surface temperature is not less than 300 DEG C, surface is avoided to generate
Martensitic structure.
Rolled piece controlled rolling and controlled cooling temperature variation curve refers to Fig. 4, and in Fig. 4,1 is temperature control process, and 2 is control cold process.
Controlled rolling and cooling process parameter and final finished carbide rank for details see attached table 1.
Embodiment 2：Controlled rolling and controlled cooling Φ 110mm bearing steel bars
Heating steel billet is come out of the stove to 1200 DEG C, after high-pressure water descaling, 10 passages, mid-section Φ are rolled in thick
148mm is cooled down through traversing rack in stepping, while cooling radical is 3, and after 8 minutes, rolled piece surface temperature reaches temperature control
800 DEG C, core table temperature gradient is 90 DEG C, and mm finishing mill unit is entered after crop end and rolls 4 passages, rolls into final finished Φ 110mm, eventually
It is 1.05m/s to roll speed, goes out after mm finishing mill unit to roll rear water cooling section immediately and is quickly cooled down, and cold bed recovery temperature is 650 DEG C in control,
Then continue Slow cooling on cold bed, and completes follow-up Cut-to-length collection process.It rolls rear water cooling section to be made of 3 sets of water tanks, often cover
Section of rising again is set between water tank, and control rolled piece cooling rear surface temperature is not less than 300 DEG C, surface is avoided to generate martensitic structure.
Rolled piece controlled rolling and controlled cooling temperature variation curve refers to Fig. 5, and in Fig. 5,1 is temperature control process, and 2 is control cold process.Controlled rolling control
Cold technological parameter and final finished carbide rank for details see attached table 1.
Embodiment 3：Controlled rolling and controlled cooling Φ 120mm bearing steel bars
Heating steel billet is come out of the stove to 1200 DEG C, after high-pressure water descaling, 8 passages, mid-section Φ are rolled in thick
177mm is cooled down through traversing rack in stepping, while cooling radical is 3, and after 7 minutes, rolled piece surface temperature reaches temperature control
800 DEG C, core table temperature gradient is 110 DEG C, and mm finishing mill unit is entered after crop end and rolls 4 passages, rolls into final finished Φ 120mm,
Finish to gauge speed is 0.88m/s, goes out after mm finishing mill unit to roll rear water cooling section immediately and is quickly cooled down, and cold bed recovery temperature is 650 in control
DEG C, then continue Slow cooling on cold bed, and complete follow-up Cut-to-length collection process.It rolls rear water cooling section to be made of 3 sets of water tanks, often
Section of rising again is set between set water tank, and control rolled piece cooling rear surface temperature is not less than 300 DEG C, surface is avoided to generate martensite group
It knits.
Rolled piece controlled rolling and controlled cooling temperature variation curve refers to Fig. 6, and in Fig. 6,1 is temperature control process, and 2 is control cold process.Controlled rolling control
Cold technological parameter and final finished carbide rank for details see attached table 1.
Embodiment 4：Controlled rolling and controlled cooling Φ 130mm bearing steel bars
Heating steel billet is come out of the stove to 1200 DEG C, after high-pressure water descaling, 8 passages, mid-section Φ are rolled in thick
177mm is cooled down through traversing rack in stepping, while cooling radical is 3, and after 7 minutes, rolled piece surface temperature reaches temperature control
800 DEG C, core table temperature gradient is 110 DEG C, and mm finishing mill unit is entered after crop end and rolls 4 passages, rolls into final finished Φ 130mm,
Finish to gauge speed is 0.75m/s, goes out after mm finishing mill unit to roll rear water cooling section immediately and is quickly cooled down, and cold bed recovery temperature is 650 in control
DEG C, then continue Slow cooling on cold bed, and complete follow-up Cut-to-length collection process.It rolls rear water cooling section to be made of 3 sets of water tanks, often
Section of rising again is set between set water tank, and control rolled piece cooling rear surface temperature is not less than 300 DEG C, surface is avoided to generate martensite group
It knits.
Rolled piece controlled rolling and controlled cooling temperature variation curve refers to Fig. 7, and in Fig. 7,1 is temperature control process, and 2 is control cold process.Controlled rolling control
Cold technological parameter and final finished carbide rank for details see attached table 1.
Table 1：Represent scale rod bar structure property prediction
Comparative example 1
According to the preparation process of conventional bearings steel：
Steel billet is come out of the stove, after high-pressure water descaling, roughing and finish rolling is carried out successively, then directly carries out water cooling, obtain axis
Hold steel.
The cold measure of control, therefore, hot rolling material carbide grade are not used since conventional method is without temperature-controlled rolling, after roughing yet
Not all at 3.5 grades or more.
The explanation of above example is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method and its core concept of the invention.It should be pointed out that pair
For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvements and modifications, these improvement and modification are also fallen within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest range caused.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of controlled rolling and controlled cooling method of big specification high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, includes the following steps：
(A) cross section diameter after roughing more than 80mm high-carbon-chromium bearing steel rolled piece carry out more simultaneously it is air-cooled；
It is described it is air-cooled can implement according to 3 kinds of modes, meet in continuous production air-cooled drop before finish rolling according to 3 kinds of modes
The demand of temperature：
If rolled piece cross-sectional area is A0, length of rolled piece L0；Horizontal direction distance is Lx between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, vertical side
It is Ly to distance, ancillary equipment technique distance is La, rolling rhythm t0 between roughing and mm finishing mill unit, and institute is required according to temperature drop
It is t to need cooling time, rolled piece straight trip speed is Sx, transverse moving speed Sy, traversing distance Ls, while cooling rolled piece radical is
N, rolled piece cross-sectional area after roughing mills is A1, is A2 using cross-sectional area after mm finishing mill unit,
The first embodiment is：The rolled piece come is rolled out by roughing mills by the lower part of the first temperature control rack to be entered, then
It is pushed to the first temperature control rack top, moves to the second temperature control rack top, is finally moved to the second temperature control rack lower part, thus
It enters back into mm finishing mill unit and carries out finish rolling；
As Ly=0：Lx=2 × L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)/2；
N=t/t0；
Second of embodiment be:Roll out the rolled piece come by entering in the middle part of temperature control rack by roughing mills, gradually on move on to
Temperature control rack top, when the 1st rolled piece is cooled to set point of temperature, the 1st rolled piece is placed on de- by the whole translation downwards of rolled piece
On head roller-way, thus enters mm finishing mill unit and carry out finish rolling, and so on；The set point of temperature is temperature when finish rolling starts；
As Ly=0：Lx=L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)；
N=t/t0；
The third embodiment is：By roughing mills roll out come rolled piece by temperature control rack lower part enter, gradually on move on to
Temperature control rack top, when being cooled to set point of temperature, rolled piece moves to the horizontal direction of mm finishing mill unit, thus enters mm finishing mill unit
Carry out finish rolling；The set point of temperature is temperature when finish rolling starts；
As Ly ≠ 0：Lx=L0 × A0/A1+La；
Ls=Sy × (t-Lx/Sx)；
Ly=Ls；
N=t/t0；
(B) finish rolling will be carried out by air-cooled rolled piece；
(C) rolled piece after finish rolling is subjected to classification water cooling.
2. controlled rolling and controlled cooling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before the roughing, steel billet tapping temperature is
1180~1220 DEG C.
3. controlled rolling and controlled cooling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the finish rolling starts, the temperature of rolled piece is
750~850 DEG C.
4. controlled rolling and controlled cooling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cooling rate of the water cooling is more than or equal to 3
~5 DEG C/s, rolled piece temperature is less than or equal to 700 DEG C after cooling.
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| CN112301193B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-07-05 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Thermomechanical treatment method for preparing rare earth bearing steel |
| CN112522481A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Control method of net-shaped carbide of hot-rolled bearing steel |
| CN112536321B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-03-14 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold control method for small-specification bearing steel |
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