CN106625037B - A kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force - Google Patents
A kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force Download PDFInfo
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- CN106625037B CN106625037B CN201710007909.3A CN201710007909A CN106625037B CN 106625037 B CN106625037 B CN 106625037B CN 201710007909 A CN201710007909 A CN 201710007909A CN 106625037 B CN106625037 B CN 106625037B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method for grinding of a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, belongs to difficult-to-machine material efficient precise grinding technical field.It is low to solve material material removal rate during being ground difficult-to-machine material, grinding workpiece surface integrality is poor, grinding wheel obstruction, the problems such as grinding burn is frequent, the novel grinding tool of " constellation effect " is generated under shock loading using " class flak jackets principle "-abrasive grain, it acts at workpiece surface dimpling peak, abrasive grain is set to generate " constellation effect ", increase tangential grinding force moment and the reduction of normal grinding force moment, it is dissolved and is spread to grinding fluid using filler in grinding tool simultaneously, generate the working solution environment with oxidisability and non-neutral, form activation workpiece surface and abrasive surface, under the coupling of more energy fields, workpiece surface material is removed with the grinding method of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force.The present invention can be used for the high-efficiency and precision high surface integrity grinding of the novel aerospace composite material of the quick increasing material manufacturing of high energy beam current, it can also be used to the damage grinding low/no of hardly possible processing hard brittle material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the novel method for grinding of a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, belong to difficult-to-machine material
Efficient precise grinding technical field.
Background technique
Grinding technique be widely used in aerospace, mechanical industry, automobile, ship, mould industry, semiconductors manufacture,
In the industries such as photovoltaic industry, it is important high-efficiency and precision processing technology.In the developed countries such as Germany, Japan, the U.S., abrasive material,
Grinding tool and grinding equipment occupy 30% or more of the total cost of production of mechanical manufacturing field.In highly sophisticated device instrument, machine tool
And in automobile die manufacturing enterprise, grinding technique and equipment investment cost even account for 50% of gross investment or more, become most heavy
The manufacturing process wanted.
Grinding has the grinding tool high speed removal workpiece material of many tiny and extremely hard abrasive material using surface.Since grinding tool is larger
Negative rake and rounded cutting edge radius, in grinding process, compared with other machinings, total grinding force of generation is very big,
Total grinding force can be analyzed to tangential grinding force, normal grinding force and axial grinding force again, and in three-dimensional component, normal grinding force is always
It is maximum, it is generally the case that normal grinding force is about tangential grinding force three times or so.However, from material removal cutting mechanisms angle
Degree analysis, high normal grinding force and low tangential grinding force are to lead to low material material removal rate, grinding tool and workpiece damage deformation, mill
The main reason for the problems such as cutting vibration, grinding wheel obstruction, frequent workpiece surface integrality difference and grinding burn.Especially for hard crisp
The grinding of material or aerospace advanced composite material (ACM), normal grinding force several times higher than common material or even hundred times are difficult
To improve grinding efficiency and grinding quality.In Grinding Process, reduces normal grinding force and improve tangential grinding force, very
Extremely, it can be realized high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force processed, will be the weight for solving the grinding of high efficiency high surface integrity
Gonna breakthrough mouth.
The present invention is directed to the characteristic of high normal grinding force and low tangential grinding force in traditional grinding process, proposes a kind of " class
Flak jackets principle "-high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force method for grinding.The special grinding tool of " class flak jackets " formula of utilization,
So that high-speed motion grinding tool abrasive grain is in contact, collides, squeezed with workpiece surface dimpling peak, forms similar high-speed flight bullet impact
The abrasive grain of the action principle of flak jackets, the region that makes to be hit instantaneously generates " constellation effect ", forms the impedance of reverse impact load
Power, makes that tangential grinding force instantaneously increases and normal grinding force instantaneously reduces, while being dissolved using filler in grinding tool to grinding fluid
Diffusion generates the working solution environment with oxidisability and non-neutral, activation workpiece surface and abrasive surface is formed, in multipotency amount
Under the coupling of field, workpiece surface material is removed with the grinding method of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for material removing rate is low, grinding wheel easily blocks, is ground work in current grinding difficult-to-machine material process
The problems such as part surface integrity is poor, grinding burn is frequent proposes a kind of utilization " class flak jackets principle "-abrasive grain under shock loading
The special grinding tool for generating " constellation effect " carries out the method for grinding of high tangential grinding force Yu low normal grinding force, realizes difficult add
Efficient, accurate, the high surface integrity grinding of work material.
A kind of high tangential grinding force of invention and low normal grinding force method for grinding, its mill of used special grinding tool
The structural constituent of the bed of material is made of abrasive material, stomata, filler, decentralized medium, dispersed phase, binder, high-performance fiber fabric；It fills out
Object is filled to be made of oxidant, activator, PH regulator.Abrasive material selects metal oxide abrasive, silicon carbide, garnet or Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone, granularity are 1-200 μm.Oxidant in filler and activator select sodium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate or
Calper calcium peroxide.PH regulator selects strong acid weak base salt or strong base-weak acid salt, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.Dispersion
Medium selects ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), butanediol (BG), polyethylene glycol (PEG) or mineral oil.Dispersed phase selects carbon
Sour calcium, silica, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), partial size is less than 1 μm.Binder Ceramics, gold
Category, resin or rubber.High-performance fiber fabric selects aramid fiber (Kevlar), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber
(UHMWPE), nylon (Nylon), polyparaphenylene's benzo twoport oxazole fiber (PBO), polyimide fiber (PI) or spider silk are fine
Dimension.
A kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, specific grinding process are as follows:
(1) special grinding tool is mounted on high-strength accurate grinding machine spindle, clamps workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
On dressing tool grinding tool is initially modified；
(2) after the completion of modifying, dressing tool is removed, it is then that workpiece is fixed on the table；Controlling grinding tool speed is
35 m/s or more, control grinding and feeding speed are 500-10000 mm/min, using water base or oil base coolant liquid, control cooling
The flow of liquid is 1-100 L/min, and the special grinding tool after making finishing contacts with workpiece surface under high speed rotation, starts to grind
It cuts；
(3) it contacts, rub, collide with grinding tool generation at workpiece surface dimpling peak, impact is generated to grinding tool contact area and is carried
The abrasive grain moment of lotus, the dispersed phase and under the action of decentralized medium in high-performance fiber fabric, the region that makes to be hit generates " cluster
Effect ", instantaneous micro Process region forms " bullet impact flak jackets " formula (superelevation coefficient of friction) contact, to make tangential grinding force
Moment becomes larger and normal grinding force moment reduces；
(4) simultaneously as the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler in grinding tool constantly dissolves and expands into coolant liquid
It dissipates, the working solution environment with oxidisability and non-neutral is generated in workpiece surface, activate workpiece surface；By abrasive grain and workpiece it
Between contact, collision, friction and the solid-liquid chemical reaction of heat effect excitation or strengthening workpiece surface and working solution and abrasive grain and work
The solid state reaction on part surface makes workpiece surface constantly generate the chemical reaction film of softening；
(5) in further grinding process, the abrasive material of " constellation effect " is with high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force
Mode quickly remove chemical reaction film, expose workpiece surface original material again, continue solid-liquid chemical reaction or
Solid state reaction simultaneously generates new chemical reaction film, and the material of the abrasive material and removal to fall off is drained with working solution.Instead
Above procedure is carried out again, realizes efficient, accurate, high surface integrity the grinding of difficult-to-machine material.
Method for grinding of the invention has following positive effect: the abrasive material compared with tradition grinding, in grinding tool of the invention
It generates " constellation effect ", increases tangential grinding force moment and the reduction of normal grinding force moment, form high friction in machining area
Coefficient contact, makes material removing rate height；The grinding heat that low normal grinding force generates grinding process is low, with small vibration, makes grinding table
Face/sub-surface is high-quality；It dissolves and spreads to grinding fluid using filler in grinding tool, make difficult-to-machine material workpiece surface
(especially surface dimpling peak) forms the chemical reaction film for being easier to the softening of removal, further increases grinding efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is special grinding tool composition schematic diagram, wherein 1.1- abrasive material, 1.2- stomata, and 1.3- filler, 1.4- points
Dispersion media, 1.5- dispersed phase, 1.6- binder, 1.7- high-performance fiber fabric.
Fig. 2 is the microcosmic schematic diagram of grinding process, including grinding first stage Fig. 2 a, second stage Fig. 2 b, phase III figure
2c, fourth stage Fig. 2 d schematic diagram.Wherein, 2.1- chemical reaction film.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: the grinding of a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing 1
Tool, it is characterized in that:
(1) abrasive material is by abrasive material 1.1, stomata 1.2, filler 1.3, decentralized medium 1.4, dispersed phase 1.5, binder
1.6, high-performance fiber fabric 1.7 forms；Filler 1.3 is made of oxidant, activator, PH regulator；
(2) abrasive material 1.1 selects metal oxide abrasive, silicon carbide, garnet or diamond, and granularity is 1-200 μm.It fills out
The oxidant and activator filled in object 1.3 selects sodium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate or calper calcium peroxide.PH regulator
Select sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.Decentralized medium 1.4 select ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), butanediol (BG),
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or mineral oil.Dispersed phase 1.5 selects calcium carbonate, silica, polystyrene or polymethylacrylic acid
Methyl esters (PMMA), partial size is less than 1 μm.1.6 Ceramics of binder, metal, resin or rubber.High-performance fiber fabric 1.7
Select aramid fiber (Kevlar), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), nylon (Nylon), polyparaphenylene's benzo double
Mouth oxazole fiber (PBO), polyimide fiber (PI) or spider silk fiber.
Specific embodiment 2: the high tangential grinding force and low normal direction invented is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 2
The method for grinding of grinding force:
(1) numerical control form grinder is utilized, hardly possible processing hard brittle material or the novel aviation of the quick increasing material manufacturing of high energy beam current are navigated
Sample made of its composite material is workpiece, using grinding tool described in specific embodiment one.Grinding tool is installed to numerical control
On form grinder main shaft, dressing tool uses skive, and granularity selects #100, clamps workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
On dressing tool grinding tool is initially modified；Print is fixed on grinding machine clamping workbench, control grinding tool revolving speed is 50
M/s, control grinding and feeding speed are 700 mm/min, and using water base coolant liquid, the flow for controlling coolant liquid is 10 L/min, are opened
Begin to be ground；
(2) first stage: grinding tool high speed rotation starts to be in contact with workpiece surface；
(3) it second stage: is in contact, rubs, collides, opposite grinding with the abrasive material 1.1 in grinding tool at workpiece surface dimpling peak
Have micro- contact area and generates shock loading, the decentralized medium 1.4 and under the action of dispersed phase 1.5 in high-performance fiber fabric 1.7,
Make to be hit 1.1 moment of abrasive material in region generates " constellation effect ", increases tangential grinding force moment and normal grinding force moment
Reduce, realizes ideal processing characteristics.By the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler 1.3 in grinding tool is constantly into grinding fluid
It dissolves and spreads, the working solution environment with oxidisability and non-neutral is generated in workpiece surface, form reactivity workpiece surface.It is logical
Cross the solid-to-liquid ratio of contact, collision, friction and the heat effect excitation or strengthening workpiece surface and working solution between abrasive material 1.1 and workpiece
The solid state reaction for learning reaction and abrasive material 1.1 and workpiece surface, forms the chemical reaction film 2.1 of workpiece surface；
(4) phase III: with the further interaction at grinding tool and workpiece surface dimpling peak, " cluster effect is generated
Answer " abrasive material 1.1 in high tangential grinding force and under conditions of low normal grinding force, the chemical reaction film 2.1 at dimpling peak is fast
Speed removal, exposes workpiece surface original material again, continues solid-liquid chemical reaction or solid state reaction and generates
New chemical reaction film 2.1；
(5) fourth stage: shock loading disappears, and the abrasive material 1.1 for generating " constellation effect " can restore not to be hit before load
Ordered state, and the abrasive material 1.1 and abrasive dust that fall off are drained with working solution；
(6) the aforementioned four stage is repeated, it can be achieved that the efficient, accurate of difficult-to-machine material, high surface integrity grinding add
Work.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, which is characterized in that the method passes through following step
It is rapid to realize:
(1) special grinding tool is mounted on high-strength accurate grinding machine spindle, is clamped on workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
Dressing tool initially modifies grinding tool, and the structural constituent of the abrasive material of the special grinding tool is by abrasive material (1.1), stomata
(1.2), filler (1.3), decentralized medium (1.4), dispersed phase (1.5), binder (1.6), high-performance fiber fabric (1.7) group
At；Filler (1.3) is made of oxidant, activator, PH regulator；Abrasive material (1.1) selects metal oxide abrasive, carbonization
Silicon, garnet or diamond, granularity are 1-200 μm；Oxidant in filler (1.3) and activator select sodium peroxide, secondary
Sodium chlorate, potassium permanganate or calper calcium peroxide；PH regulator selects sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate；Decentralized medium (1.4)
Select ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), butanediol (BG), polyethylene glycol (PEG) or mineral oil；Dispersed phase (1.5) is selected
Calcium carbonate, silica, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), partial size is less than 1 μm；Binder (1.6) choosing
With ceramics, metal, resin or rubber；High-performance fiber fabric (1.7) selects aramid fiber (Kevlar), super high molecular weight poly-
Vinyl fiber (UHMWPE), nylon (Nylon), polyparaphenylene's benzo twoport oxazole fiber (PBO), polyimides (PI) or spider
Silk fiber；
(2) after the completion of modifying, dressing tool is removed, it is then that workpiece is fixed on the table；Controlling grinding tool speed is 35
M/s or more, control grinding and feeding speed are 500-10000 mm/min, using water base or oil base coolant liquid, control coolant liquid
Flow be 1-100 L/min, make finishing after special grinding tool contacted under high speed rotation with workpiece surface, start to grind
It cuts；
(3) it contacts, rub, collide with grinding tool generation at workpiece surface dimpling peak, shock loading is generated to grinding tool contact area,
The decentralized medium (1.4) and under the action of dispersed phase (1.5) in high-performance fiber fabric (1.7), the abrasive material in the region that makes to be hit
(1.1) moment generates " constellation effect ", and instantaneous micro Process region forms the contact of " bullet impact flak jackets " formula superelevation coefficient of friction,
To make tangential grinding force moment become larger and the reduction of normal grinding force moment；
(4) simultaneously as the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler (1.3) in grinding tool constantly dissolves and expands into coolant liquid
It dissipates, the working solution environment with oxidisability and non-neutral is generated in workpiece surface, activate workpiece surface；By abrasive material (1.1) with
The solid-liquid of contact, collision, friction and heat effect excitation or strengthening workpiece surface and working solution chemically reacts between workpiece, and mill
The solid state reaction for expecting (1.1) and workpiece surface, makes workpiece surface constantly generate the chemical reaction film (2.1) of softening；
(5) in further grinding process, the abrasive material (1.1) of " constellation effect " is ground with high tangential grinding force and low normal direction
The mode of power quickly removes chemical reaction film (2.1), exposes workpiece surface original material again, and it is anti-to continue solid-liquid chemistry
The material of the abrasive material (1.1) and removal answering or solid state reaction and generate new chemical reaction film (2.1), and fall off is with work
Make liquid to drain together, above procedure is repeated, realizes grinding.
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| CN109202750B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-04-14 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Hollow accumulated abrasive particles, preparation method thereof and superhard grinding tool |
| CN112720263B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江工业大学 | Online dressing method for spraying strong-oxidizing grinding fluid to surface of super-hard abrasive particle metal bond grinding wheel |
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| US5077941A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-07 | Space Time Analyses, Ltd. | Automatic grinding method and system |
| US20050276967A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2005-12-15 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Surface textured microporous polishing pads |
| JP3835799B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2006-10-18 | 日本ミクロコーティング株式会社 | Polishing slurry and method for texturing |
| CN102717325B (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precise curved surface finishing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening effect |
| CN104308670B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-09-14 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultraprecise processing method based on non-Newtonian shear thickening with electrolysis complex effect |
| CN106737247B (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2018-12-28 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of grinding tool of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force |
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