CN106624400A - Hydrogenation reactor barrel electric-smelting forming method - Google Patents

Hydrogenation reactor barrel electric-smelting forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106624400A
CN106624400A CN201610777559.4A CN201610777559A CN106624400A CN 106624400 A CN106624400 A CN 106624400A CN 201610777559 A CN201610777559 A CN 201610777559A CN 106624400 A CN106624400 A CN 106624400A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric smelting
hydrogenation reactor
base material
manufacturing process
layer
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Withdrawn
Application number
CN201610777559.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
汤海波
刘栋
张国春
余征
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South Zeng Cai Science And Technology Ltd
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South Zeng Cai Science And Technology Ltd
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Priority to CN201610777559.4A priority Critical patent/CN106624400A/en
Publication of CN106624400A publication Critical patent/CN106624400A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogenation reactor barrel electric-smelting forming method, which comprises the steps of adopting a high-energy heat source compounded by electric arc heat, resistance heat and electroslag heat for melting a continuously conveyed metal raw material wire, and solidifying, stacking and forming layer by layer on a base material to manufacture a metal component; and adopting a computer for controlling the relative motion of an electric smelting head and the base material, quickly cooling a molten bath and solidifying and stacking layer by layer on the base material, and finally forming a hydrogenation reactor barrel. The hydrogenation reactor barrel electric-smelting forming method provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, favorable mechanical property and the like.

Description

Hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process.
Background technology
Hydrogenation reactor is the nucleus equipment of various hydrogenation process or hydrogenation plant.Its work condition environment is harsh, technology Difficulty is big, and manufacturing technology has high demands, and involves great expense, and especially because of the particularity of hydrogenation plant operating condition, reactor is in high temperature hydrogen Corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, the temper brittleness of chrome-molybdenum steel is damaged, Polythionic acid stress corrosion crack, and the hydrogen of austenitic stainless steel overlay cladding is caused Under the influence of the multiple damage factors such as stripping, it is easy to occur damaging so that scrapping.To prevent these destructive damages from occurring, no Only there is correct design, also relation is very big to material selection and related correct manufacturing process.The design and manufacture of reactor Success, is in the sense one of important symbol of one national general technical merit of embodiment.
Hydrogenation reactor material obtains the positive research and development of countries in the world, by the 21/4Cr1Mo steel grades for most beginning, has developed 21/4Cr1MoV, 3Cr1MoV are serial, and it is supporting with the addition of the alloying elements such as Cb, Ti, B, Ca, define multiple material under series. Meanwhile, with container dimensional gradually increase and security performance require more and more higher, hydrogenation reactor material prepare, also gradually by Steel plate is coiling welded to be changed to form thicker equipment and materials forging.Forging stock through it is upset, pulling, upset, punching forging process, The segregation in centre can be washed out and be mingled with, making the mechanical property of shell ring material is improved, so as to improve the resistant to hydrogen of reactor Lesion capability.Material is aided with subsequent heat treatment process stabilizing tissue and improves performance, therefore the roll of steel plate that compares by forging Weldering, the endoplasm characteristic (pure property, compactness, homogenieity) of forging moulding material is good;Weld seam is few, particularly without longitudinal seam, carries The high reliability of the resistance to circumferential stress of reactor;Manufacture assembling simultaneously easily to ensure.
Although the method is widely used in the industrial production, due to complex process, chemistry with mechanical property control difficulty greatly, Also result in quality stability poor, be heat-treated the shortcomings of phase constitution is uneven, and percent defective is high, and forging structure stock utilization is low, When wall thickness is relatively thin, its manufacturing expense is of a relatively high.And estimate in terms of result from final crystal grain, typically also only in 4-6 levels or so, In addition, hydrogenation reactor is limited to the side of segmentation material forging that the restriction of ingot smelting and FMT adopted and welding composition Formula, also because the continuous trend of mechanical fiber, the mechanical property and appearance of strong influence material have seriously been isolated in the increase of weld seam The security of device equipment.And also easily cause manufacturing schedule to delay, increased cost.
Therefore, how to develop required fine grain, organize, and the good material of comprehensive mechanical property and entirety Manufacturing process is the difficult point and important development direction that the research and development of hydrogenation reactor new material need to be captured.
The content of the invention
In view of this, present invention is primarily targeted at, there is provided it is a kind of efficiently, low cost, with excellent mechanical performances Hydrogenation reactor cylinder manufacturing process.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the hydrogenation reactor cylinder manufacturing process of the present invention is using arc heat, resistance heat, electroslag The high energy thermal source that heat is composited, melts the raw metal silk material of continuous conveying, the Layer by layer solidification stack shaping manufacture on base material Hardware;
Electric smelting head and base material are connected to into two poles, raw metal silk material delivers to base material via conveying mechanism and electric smelting head during shaping Surface, under the accumulation protection of graininess auxiliary material, produces electric arc between raw material silk material and base material, melt portions heap applies auxiliary material and forms molten Melt slag bath, electric current flows through raw material silk material and melting auxiliary material slag bath forms resistance heat and electroslag heat, in arc heat, resistance heat, electroslag Raw material silk material is melted under hot three kinds of hot composite high-energy Sources, in substrate surface local molten bath is formed, continue transferring raw material Silk material and auxiliary material, it is real using the relative movement of computer controls electric smelting head and base material according to the hierarchy slicing data of formed parts Existing molten bath quick cooling Layer by layer solidification on base material is piled up, final shaping hydrogenation reactor cylinder.
In the present invention, hydrogenation reactor monolithic molding cylinder, a diameter of 2-7m, length 2-18m.
In the present invention, the low-alloy steel product that raw materials used silk material is the special preparation for hydrogenation reactor component is shaped Material, raw material silk material diameter 2-8mm, C content 0.08-0.12%, workpiece C content 0.04-0.08% after shaping, workpiece grain size 7-9 Level.
In the present invention, it is 120 ~ 450 DEG C to control base material or deposit preheating with interlayer temperature, electric smelting head and base material Relative moving speed be 300~800mm/min, realize the rapid solidification in molten bath, so as to obtain crystal grain it is fine and closely woven, without gross segregation, The material of even tissue, greatly improves the mechanical properties such as plasticity, toughness and the high-temerature creep of Forming Workpiece.
In the present invention, during successively shaping, raw material thread forms molten bath on lower metal surface, and molten drop is with jet Form solidifies into after molten bath makes double layer of metal form one, realizes layering shaping, overall fusion, it is ensured that shaping barrel components Overall performance.
In the present invention, single electric smelting head is 20~50Kg/h to raw material silk material melting efficiency, piles up effect to improve in addition Rate realizes Quick-forming, and the quantity of electric smelting head can on demand be adjusted to 1~100, when many electric smelting heads are arranged, adjacent electric smelting Head spacing is 50~500mm.
In the present invention, base material can be 309 stainless steel materials or carbon steel or alloy steel material, when for 309 stainless steels During material, workpiece can be synthesized as dissimilar material joining, base material can be removed in follow-up machining when being carbon steel or alloy steel material, Substrate sizes, shape are matched with hydrogenation reactor cylinder inboard wall size shape, and thickness is not less than 5mm.
The present invention has broken away from the constraint of the frock, mould and specific purpose tool of complexity;Shaping is near net-shaped blank, after production Only need on a small quantity finish, greatly simplify manufacturing procedure, shorten production life cycle;Workpiece formed thereby has the conventional forging process that matches in excellence or beauty Mechanics and chemical property, the performance such as intensity, toughness, anti-corrosion is very prominent;The entirety of hydrogenation reactor cylinder is realized simultaneously Shaping, breaches the limitation of conventional forging process technology, substantially increases efficiency, saves cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be for illustrating specific embodiment in electric smelting method principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing in Fig. 1 near position shown in A;
Fig. 3 be for illustrating embodiment in hydrogenation reactor cylinder manufacturing process schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.Fig. 1 is for illustrating specific embodiment In electric smelting method principle schematic;Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing in Fig. 1 near position shown in A.Due to being schematic diagram, because And, part is schematic in figure, and its true form and size relationship etc. are not limited by the illustration.
The manufacturing process be by raw material silk material 1 melt and successively(State shown in Fig. 1 to be accumulated to during n-th layer)Pile up On basic material 2, so as to ultimately form required hardware.
Being embodied as operation is:
A. wire feeder 5 is delivered to the surface of the base material 2 being positioned on workbench 21 by raw material silk material 1, is covered thereon by powder feeding machine The graininess auxiliary material of the conveying of structure 4.
B. startup power supply 12, supply voltage makes to form electric arc 9 between raw material silk material 1 and base material 2 and produces arc heat, and arc heat makes Partial supplementary material 3 is melted, and forms auxiliary material slag bath 8, and electric current flows through raw material silk material 1 and forms resistance heat via electric smelting 6, and by melting Slag bath 8 forms electroslag heat, and three kinds of thermals source are composited high energy thermal source, and melt raw material silk material forms molten bath 11 on the surface of base material 2.
C. relative movement of the electric smelting 6 with base material 2 and the temperature of base material 2 are controlled, realizes molten bath 11 with base material heat exchange solidification Deposition.
D. wire feeder 5 continues transferring raw material silk material 1 and auxiliary material 3 with powder feeding mechanism 4, and in auxiliary material 3 molten bath 11 and base are covered In the state of material 2, raw material silk material 1 is successively deposited on base material 2, final Forming Workpiece.
Wherein, control device(Computer)According to Forming Workpiece(Numerical simulation, Mathematical Modeling)Hierarchy slicing data control Electric smelting processed 6 and the relative movement mode of base material 2.
Electric smelting tip electrode connects just in present invention diagram, and workpiece connects to bear only makees signal effect, it is also possible to which electric smelting head connects negative, work Part connects just, or takes AC power.
In the present invention, good high energy thermal source is formed in order to ensure, especially for producing sufficient electroslag heat, can be with Suitably adjust the parameters such as the relative moving speed of composition, the diameter of raw material silk material, electric current, base material and raw material silk material of auxiliary material.
In the present invention, the form of raw material thread 1 can be pole shape, banding, real core or medicine core;Raw material thread 1 it is straight Footpath can be dimensioned so as to 2 ~ 8mm according to Forming Workpiece;It is different according to the diameter of silk material 1, stretch out the length of electric smelting head(Be powered length Degree)For 20mm~150mm.
In the present invention, the cladding thickness of auxiliary material 3 is 15mm~120mm, is included using the effect of auxiliary material 3:Electric arc 9 is covered, Prevent electric arc from splashing;Molten bath 11 is covered, completely cuts off air, make molten pool metal from the infringement of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen etc. in air;To molten bath Metal forms insulation;The removal of impurity is gone during metallurgical reaction, alloy is mixed;The slag bath 8 of formation(Skull 7)Mechanically protect The well shaping etc. of deposited metal 10.
The composition of auxiliary material 3 includes oxide or oxide and halide, because auxiliary material 3 participates in melt tank reaction, adjusts work Part(Hardware, product)Composition, thus according to the composition and efficiency requirements of the hardware to be formed, can be in auxiliary material Addition alloy powder and/or elemental metals powder, reduce production cost.
In addition, in C operations, can incidentally reclaim remaining auxiliary material and remove the behaviour of the skull 7 that slag bath 8 solidifies and formed Make.During removal, machine can be started at the relative movement rear 400mm ~ 500mm of raw material thread 1 and is removed or artificial removal's operation.
Using the electric smelting manufacturing process of present embodiment, raw material thread utilization rate close 100%;Compare existing process technology (Forging, casting etc.), manufacturing process is few(Complicated heat treatment is not needed), cycle is short, efficiency high, the machining of hardware Surplus is very little, while reducing the finishing time and having saved substantial amounts of material.
【Embodiment】
The description of this example makes hydrogenation reactor cylinder process by the molten manufacturing process of Horizontal electric, and cylinder material is 21/4Cr1Mo, Reference and ASME standards SA387F22, inwall needs 309 stainless steel layers of built-up welding thickness about 7mm, institute after the making of traditional handicraft cylinder The equipment for using includes:
(1)Revolving support platform;
(2)Electric smelting power supply;
(3)Electric smelting head;
(4)Automatic wire feeding device;
(5)Auxiliary material automatic transport and auxiliary material automatic recycling device;
(6)Heater;
(7)Cooling device;
(8)Base material;
(9)Control device.
Fig. 3 is to schematically illustrate figure for represent the electric smelting manufacturing process of the present embodiment, and power supply, automatically is eliminated in figure The devices such as wire feeder.Material power parameter is as follows:
1)Raw material silk material 101(C:0.11-0.12%, other elements are consistent with SA387F22), diameter 5mm;
2)The auxiliary material 301 of special development, composition is 20%CaO+MgO;45%AL2O3+MnO; 25%SiO2+TiO;10%CaF2;
3)Electric smelting head quantity:39 electric smelting 601, electric smelting power supply is dc source, and using electric smelting 601 power cathode, base are connect Material 201 connects positive source(So connect, working (machining) efficiency can be greatly improved);
4)Electric smelting technological parameter is:Electric smelting electric current 900A, electric smelting voltage 42V, electric smelting 601 and the relative moving speed of base material 201 600~700mm/min(Molten bath translational speed).
Barrel components are made using hardware electric smelting manufacturing process, implementation step is as follows:
(1)The axis horizontal of columnar base material 201 is configured, and is supported on revolving support platform, by 39 electric smelting heads with about The spacing of 400mm(CCU determines exact position and movement)Average transverse is arranged in the top of base material 201, and adjusts Good each electric smelting head and the surface of base material 201(Outer peripheral face)Distance, and choose the starting point of electric smelting;
(2)Raw material silk material 101 and auxiliary material are delivered to into the surface of base material 201, startup power supply imports high energy thermal source, melt raw material silk material And auxiliary material, while rotating base material 201, start first of each electric smelting head ground floor(Each layer is made up of the multiple tracks for axially arranging) Electric smelting deposition;
(3)After a segment distance is formed between electric smelting 601 and electric smelting starting point, start startup auxiliary material retracting device its is unfused Auxiliary material withdraw, expose skull and removed, in order to lower electric smelting deposition together(Pile up);Subsequent start-up cooling device or Heater is cooled down or heated to electric smelting deposited metal, by its matrix(Base material 201 is referred to during ground floor, is when other layer Refer to preceding layer deposit)Temperature control at 200~300 DEG C;
(4)When base material 201 rotates a circle completes first electric smelting deposition, under control of the control means, all electric smelting 201 The molten road width distance of rectilinear movement 3/4 of turning left simultaneously, while adjusting each electric smelting 601 especially by central authorities' control adjustment numbering The distance between surface of five electric smelting heads of 18-22 and base material 201, to ensure the stability of electric smelting, starts afterwards ground floor the The electric smelting deposition formation in two roads, will ensure that overlap joint is good between its left and right circle road during this;
(5)After the completion of second, repeat step(4)Complete the shaping that other electric smelting deposit roads again, when reach it is last together When, last one end point of its adjacent electric smelting head will be overlapped well with first starting point, so that the electric smelting for completing ground floor is sunk Product;
(6)After the electric smelting for completing ground floor is deposited, all one layer of deposit thickness of electric smelting head automatic lifting(I.e. after layer)Highly, Start first electric smelting deposition of the second layer, the end point of ground floor electric smelting head is the starting point of first of the second layer, continuously Deposition;
(7)After the completion of first electric smelting of second layer deposition, all electric smelting heads turn right the molten track pitch of rectilinear movement 3/4 from together simultaneously When each electric smelting head adjust automatically its distance between with base material, to ensure the stability of electric smelting, start the electricity of second layer second Molten deposition so as to overlap between the circle road of left and right good;
(8)When complete the electric smelting of the second layer second deposition complete when, repeat step(7), then other electric smelting deposition roads are completed, when When reaching last one, last one end point of its adjacent electric smelting head and first starting point will be overlapped well, so that complete the Two layers of electric smelting deposition;
(9)Repeat step(6)To step(8), then other electric smelting sedimentaries are completed, and during this, adjacent electric smelting sedimentary electric smelting The moving direction of head can be with conversely, final continuous electrofusion deposits to form whole barrel components.
After electric smelting shaping, stainless steel substrate 201 becomes a part for hydrogenation reactor cylinder, realizes foreign material straight Joint forming is connect, it is stainless in its inner wall overlaying 309 again after forging hydrogenation reactor cylinder so as to change traditional handicraft Manufacture, reduces technique process, improves operating efficiency and quality, it is also possible to which ordinary carbon steel is in follow-up machining Remove.
According to conventional forging process, hydrogenation reactor cylinder is divided into multistage, each section respectively forging again integral assembly welding is formed, and The present embodiment is due to being multiple(34)Electric smelting monolithic molding arranged side by side, greatly improves forming efficiency;Naturally also may be used To adjust electric smelting head quantity and arrangement, sectional forming according to customer requirement.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process, it is characterised in that:
The method is the high energy thermal source being composited using arc heat, resistance heat, electroslag heat, melts the raw metal of continuous conveying Silk material, the Layer by layer solidification stack shaping manufacture hardware on base material;
Electric smelting head and base material are connected to into two poles, raw metal silk material delivers to base material via conveying mechanism and electric smelting head during shaping Surface, under the accumulation protection of graininess auxiliary material, produces electric arc between raw material silk material and base material, melt portions heap applies auxiliary material and forms molten Melt slag bath, electric current flows through raw material silk material and melting auxiliary material slag bath forms resistance heat and electroslag heat, in arc heat, resistance heat, electroslag Raw material silk material is melted under hot three kinds of hot composite high-energy Sources, in substrate surface local molten bath is formed, continue transferring raw material Silk material and auxiliary material, it is real using the relative movement of computer controls electric smelting head and base material according to the hierarchy slicing data of formed parts Existing molten bath quick cooling Layer by layer solidification on base material is piled up, final shaping hydrogenation reactor cylinder.
2. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
According to hydrogenation reactor equipment and efficiency requirements, barrel diameter 2-7m, length 2-18m are shaped.
3. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Raw material silk material for special preparation low-alloy steel material, raw material silk material diameter 2-8mm, C content 0.08-0.12%, after shaping Workpiece C content 0.04-0.08%, workpiece grain size 7-9 level.
4. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Different according to silk material diameter, the electric current in power parameter is 200A~3000A, and voltage is 20V~60V, and power supply is direct current Or AC power, when using dc source, electric smelting head connects negative or positive electrode.
5. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Required according to Forming Workpiece, base material or deposit are heated or cooled, control the table of base material or deposit layer Face temperature is 120 ~ 450 DEG C.
6. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Required according to reactor shell formed parts size and forming efficiency, the quantity set of electric smelting head is 1~100, more electricity When molten head is arranged, adjacent electric smelting head spacing is 50~500mm.
7. hydrogenation reactor cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The base material for Forming Workpiece provide frock support, be shaped as it is cylindric or cylindric, wall thickness be not less than 5mm;
Substrate material can be 309 stainless steels or other ordinary carbon steels or steel alloy, when for 309 stainless steel when, after component shaping Base material is retained as a Forming Workpiece part, when for other ordinary carbon steels or steel alloy when, can be in follow-up machining Remove.
CN201610777559.4A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 Hydrogenation reactor barrel electric-smelting forming method Withdrawn CN106624400A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112792433A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-05-14 南方增材科技有限公司 Preparation method of high-toughness low-alloy steel member and high-toughness low-alloy steel member

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CN104526113A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electric smelting forming method of ultra-supercritical low-pressure rotor
CN104526168A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electrofusion-formed ultra-low carbon and ultra-fine grain alloy steel material
CN104532236A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electric melting forming method of nuclear power station voltage stabilizer cylinder
CN104651834A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-05-27 南方增材科技有限公司 Electric smelting forming method of CAP1400 main steam pipe penetration piece

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN104526167A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electric smelting forming method of hydrogenation reactor barrel
CN104526113A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electric smelting forming method of ultra-supercritical low-pressure rotor
CN104526168A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 Electrofusion-formed ultra-low carbon and ultra-fine grain alloy steel material
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112792433A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-05-14 南方增材科技有限公司 Preparation method of high-toughness low-alloy steel member and high-toughness low-alloy steel member
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Application publication date: 20170510