CN106618569A - Measuring device and method for contact impedance between electrodes and skin - Google Patents
Measuring device and method for contact impedance between electrodes and skin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106618569A CN106618569A CN201610993529.7A CN201610993529A CN106618569A CN 106618569 A CN106618569 A CN 106618569A CN 201610993529 A CN201610993529 A CN 201610993529A CN 106618569 A CN106618569 A CN 106618569A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6844—Monitoring or controlling distance between sensor and tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/746—Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and method for contact impedance between electrodes and skin. The device comprises a processor, a current source, a voltage measuring circuit, a displayer and an alarm. The current source, the voltage measuring circuit, the displayer and the alarm all interact with the processor. The current source and the voltage measuring circuit are connected with an electrode system formed by multiple electrodes and tightly attached to the surface of the skin of a user through a multi-way switch. Excitation currents are injected into the different electrodes, measuring electrodes are selected, and therefore the contact status between all the electrodes and the skin can be obtained in real time. The magnitude of the contact impedance is obtained through calculation through a boundary voltage value and an excitation value, and the contact status of the electrodes is judged according to an averaging method and a threshold value method. According to the method, it is proved through a simulation experiment and a calibration board experiment that the method is superior to an existing measuring technology on the aspects of measuring speed and measuring precision, the requirements of displaying the contact status of all the electrodes in real time in the electrical impedance detection process are met, and the data quality based on an electrical impedance measuring system is further improved.
Description
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to medical attendance test device field, is related to a kind of measurement apparatus of contact impedance, it is especially a kind of
The measurement apparatus and method of contact impedance between electrode-skin.
【Background technology】
Bioelectrode is widely used in the every field of medical attendance, such as cardiac monitoring, the extraction of EEG signals and resistance
Anti- fault imaging (EIT) system etc..Electrode signal is to be delivered to body surface through tissue, through electrode sensing, back end signal
Amplify, tension measuring circuit and processor are processed and obtained.In the whole transmission path of electrode signal, tissue is one and good leads
Body, its impedance is different from hundreds of Europe to tens Ou Bianhua according to frequency, and contact impedance is then arrived in tens of thousands of ohms between electrode-skin
Change between hundreds of ohm, therefore the contact impedance between electrode-skin directly influences the quality of electrode signal.If can be accurate
Measurement, will be electrocardio, and the design of brain electricity and impedance bioelectrical measurement circuit and the improvement of bioelectrode provide important evidence.Meanwhile,
It is known as the contact quality that the size of contact impedance is reflected between electrode-skin.Therefore, in real time measurement connects in data acquisition
The size of tactile impedance is conducive to us to grasp the contact condition of electrode in real time.
At present in electrocardio, brain electricity, EIT imagings aspect, for contact impedance between electrode-skin measurement using it is more be two
Electrode method and four electrode derivations.
Two-probe method using two electrodes i.e. as exciting electrode, and as measuring electrode.Exciting current meter is I, measures voltage
Difference is V.So contact impedance value Z is calculated equal to the value of contact impedance and the product of electric current I based on boundary voltage difference.Two electrodes
Method will measure contact impedance Z as the contact impedance sum on two electrodes.Electricity is contained in the contact impedance that the method is measured
The transfer impedance composition organized between pole and electrode, and the contact impedance value on two electrodes is cannot distinguish between, thus it is unfavorable for electricity
The judgement of extremely actual contact effect.
And four electrode derivations are：The first step, using four electrode method, that is, exciting electrode and measuring electrode is separated,
Measure the transfer impedance composition Z1 between electrode and electrode；Second step, changes one of exciting electrode to a certain measuring electrode
Position, makes the tested electrode i.e. as measuring electrode again as exciting electrode, and resistance value Z2 is measured with this understanding, such that it is able to
Estimation obtains contact impedance value Z=Z2-Z1 on the electrode.Though the method overcomes to a certain extent two-probe method not
Foot, improves the certainty of measurement of contact impedance between electrode-skin, but because needing to switch electrode twice, but sacrifices measuring speed,
Reduce the monitoring efficiency of machine.
【The content of the invention】
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, there is provided contact impedance between a kind of electrode-skin
Measurement apparatus and method, device is made up of electrode system, current source and voltmeter.Current source is connected to tested electrode and its object
Electrode, current source is connected to tested electrode and its adjacent electrode.Processor is connected to voltage source and current source, is calculated contact
The size of impedance, and the contact condition of show electrode and skin over the display.By current source respectively to different exciting electrodes
To injecting exciting current, detect that the boundary voltage between measuring electrode is poor, the data calculated after demodulation by processor obtain contact resistance
Anti- value, so as to obtain the contact quality of electrode and skin.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions and is achieved：
The measurement apparatus of contact impedance between a kind of electrode-skin, including processor, and the electricity for interacting with processor
Stream source, tension measuring circuit, display and alarm；Current source and tension measuring circuit are made by variable connector with being close to
The electrode system being made up of some electrodes of user's skin surface is connected；Wherein,
Electrode system includes exciting electrode and measuring electrode；
Processor is used to control the selection of exciting electrode and measuring electrode, and according to exciting current and the response for measuring electricity
Pressure calculates the contact impedance of respective electrode；
Current source is used to export the sinusoidal current signal of CF, under the control of a processor by variable connector to swashing
Encourage electrode injection exciting current；
Tension measuring circuit is used to increase the boundary voltage difference signal of collection measuring electrode, and the signal to collecting
Beneficial enhanced processing and analog-to-digital conversion, are provided to processor；
Variable connector is connected with electrode system, and exciting current is accurately injected into the exciting electrode of selection；While multichannel
Switch is connected with tension measuring circuit, and the boundary voltage for detecting difference is selectively supplied to into tension measuring circuit；
Display is used to show the contact impedance size and connection state of each electrode on electric system in real time；
Siren is used for when processor detects electrode with user's skin loose contact, and siren sounding points out doctor
Business personnel inspection electrode.
The present invention is further improved by：
The tension measuring circuit includes multiple amplifiers and the analog-digital converter of 16, the output of analog-digital converter
End is connected with the input of processor.
The measuring method of contact impedance, comprises the following steps between a kind of electrode-skin：
1) processor selects exciting electrode and measuring electrode, tested electrode separately to take a ginseng as the positive pole of exciting electrode
Electrode is examined as the ground terminal of exciting electrode；
2) current source current I is delivered to exciting electrode pair by processor control variable connector, and tension measuring circuit passes through multichannel
Switch will measure two adjacent interelectrode boundary voltage difference U1, and the value of contact impedance is equal to electric current I's based on boundary voltage difference
Product, processor is calculated tested electrode and resistance value Z1 is contacted between skin；
3) processor changes exciting electrode by variable connector, and current source current I is delivered to into the exciting electrode after changing
Right, tension measuring circuit selects corresponding measuring electrode by variable connector, obtains two adjacent interelectrode voltage difference Us 2, is based on
Boundary voltage difference is calculated transfer impedance component Z ' equal to the value of contact impedance and the product of electric current I, processor；In contact resistance
Transfer impedance Z is deducted in anti-Z1 ' composition, obtain the value of transfer impedance Z2；
4) processor is calculated the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode by contact impedance Z1 and transfer impedance Z2, its
In：Z=Z1-Z2；
5) processor judges the contact condition of tested electrode according to the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode, if judged result
Bad with user's skin contact condition for tested electrode, then processor sends alarm command to alarm, while in display
The upper connection state for showing respective electrode.
The present invention is further improved by：
The step 5) in, the method for judging tested electrode contact situation is as follows：
Electrode-skin contact impedance value to measuring on each electrode is averaged, and contacts resistance with tested electrode-skin
Anti- value Z is made comparisons；If contact impedance value Z of tested electrode is more than 2 times of average, judge the electrode with skin contact condition not
It is good.
The step 5) in, the method for judging tested electrode contact situation is as follows：
Impedance upper limit threshold Zr is set in each Frequency point, by contact impedance value Z on each electrode for obtaining and impedance
Upper limit threshold Zr values are compared；If contact impedance value Z is less than or equal to impedance upper limit threshold Zr, electrode contact is in order；
If contact impedance value Z is more than impedance upper limit threshold Zr, electrode contact situation is bad.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The measurement apparatus of contact impedance are by Different electrodes injection excitation electricity between a kind of electrode-skin that the present invention is provided
Stream and selection measuring electrode, through the calculating of processor, can in real time obtain the contact condition between each electrode and skin, and
Medical worker is fed back in time.The measuring method of contact impedance between the electrode-skin that simultaneously present invention is provided, by boundary voltage
Value and excitation value are calculated contact impedance size, and judge the contact condition of electrode according to averaging method and threshold method.This method
Through emulation experiment and calibration plate test its method is demonstrated on measuring speed and certainty of measurement better than existing e measurement technology, it is full
Show the requirement of each electrode contact situation in sufficient electrical impedance detection process in real time, further increase based on impedance bioelectrical measurement system
The quality of data of system.
【Description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is the structure drawing of device that impedance measurement system is contacted between electrode-skin.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that impedance measurement system is contacted between electrode-skin.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the method for fast measuring of contact impedance.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of calibration plate.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the Accurate measurement of contact impedance.
【Specific embodiment】
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Referring to Fig. 1, measurement apparatus of contact impedance between electrode-skin of the present invention, including processor, and and processor
Current source, tension measuring circuit, display and the alarm for interacting；Current source and tension measuring circuit pass through variable connector
It is connected with the electrode system being made up of some electrodes for being close to user's skin surface；Wherein,
Electrode system includes exciting electrode and measuring electrode；
Processor is used to control the selection of exciting electrode and measuring electrode, and according to exciting current and the response for measuring electricity
Pressure calculates the contact impedance of respective electrode；
Current source is used to export the sinusoidal current signal of CF, under the control of a processor by variable connector to swashing
Encourage electrode injection exciting current；
Tension measuring circuit is used to increase the boundary voltage difference signal of collection measuring electrode, and the signal to collecting
Beneficial enhanced processing and analog-to-digital conversion, are provided to processor；Tension measuring circuit includes multiple amplifiers and one 16 s'
Analog-digital converter, the output end of analog-digital converter is connected with the input of processor.
Variable connector is connected with electrode system, and exciting current is accurately injected into the exciting electrode of selection；While multichannel
Switch is connected with tension measuring circuit, and the boundary voltage for detecting difference is selectively supplied to into tension measuring circuit；
Display is used to show the contact impedance size and connection state of each electrode on electric system in real time；
Siren is used for when processor detects electrode with user's skin loose contact, and siren sounding points out doctor
Business personnel inspection electrode.
As shown in Fig. 2 the invention also discloses between a kind of electrode-skin contact impedance measuring method, including following step
Suddenly：
1) processor selects exciting electrode and measuring electrode, tested electrode separately to take a ginseng as the positive pole of exciting electrode
Electrode is examined as the ground terminal of exciting electrode；
2) processor control variable connector is delivered to the positive ground terminal of exciting electrode, tension measuring circuit by current source output current
The boundary voltage value for measuring is delivered to by processor by variable connector；Processor calculates quilt by exciting current and boundary voltage value
Survey the value of contact impedance Z1 on electrode；
3) processor changes exciting electrode by variable connector, and tension measuring circuit passes through variable connector by boundary voltage value
Deliver to processor；Processor calculates the value of transfer impedance Z2 by exciting current and boundary voltage value；
4) processor is calculated the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode by contact impedance Z1 and transfer impedance Z2；
5) processor judges the contact condition of tested electrode according to the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode, if judged result
Bad with user's skin contact condition for tested electrode, then processor sends alarm command to alarm, while in display
The upper connection state for showing respective electrode.
Wherein, judge that the method for tested electrode contact situation can be with using following two modes：
First, the electrode-skin contact impedance value to measuring on each electrode is averaged, and is connect with tested electrode-skin
Tactile resistance value Z makes comparisons；If contact impedance value Z of tested electrode judges that the electrode contacts shape with skin more than 2 times of average
Condition is bad.
2nd, impedance upper limit threshold Zr is set in each Frequency point, by contact impedance value Z on each electrode for obtaining and resistance
Anti- upper limit threshold Zr values are compared；If contact impedance value Z is less than or equal to impedance upper limit threshold Zr, electrode contact situation is good
It is good；If contact impedance value Z is more than impedance upper limit threshold Zr, electrode contact situation is bad.
The principle of the present invention：
System architecture and composition
The present invention makes medical worker during impedance bioelectrical measurement for measuring and judging the contact quality between electrode-skin
The contact condition between electrode-skin can in real time be understood.Shown in Fig. 1, the structure drawing of device of the measuring system of the present invention, including place
Reason device, display, current source, tension measuring circuit, variable connector and electrode system etc..Processor connects current source, and voltage is surveyed
Amount circuit, display and siren, current source is believed exciting electrode Injection Current under the control of the controller by variable connector
Number.Current signal is detected that tension measuring circuit will be detected by variable connector after tissue by tension measuring circuit
Boundary voltage difference be converted to data signal and be supplied to processor.Processor is by exciting current value and the boundary voltage value for obtaining
The contact impedance value being calculated on tested electrode.Processor compares the contact resistance on each electrode by averaging method and threshold method
The size of anti-value judges the contact condition of each electrode and skin.Processor shows the result for calculating by display, and works as
When detecting special electrodes loose contact, medical worker can be pointed out by siren sounding.
Contact impedance measuring method and effect
The instrumentation plan of contact impedance is illustrated in figure 2, below by taking 16 electrode systems as an example, contact impedance is discussed in detail
Measurement procedure：
First, processor selects the measuring method of contact impedance.
When the quick measurement of contact impedance is carried out (such as Fig. 3) shown in processor by variable connector by current source current I
Exciting electrode pair is delivered to, tension measuring circuit selects measuring electrode by variable connector, obtain two adjacent interelectrode border electricity
Pressure reduction U1, based on boundary voltage difference equal to the value of contact impedance and the product of electric current I, calculates tested electrode and resistance is contacted between skin
Anti- value Z1.
Using calibration plate (such as Fig. 4) analogue head impedance, and external 1K resistance simulations contact impedance, and change exciting electrode
Position, measurement result is as shown in the table：
As a result show, when finding the adjacent electrode of tested electrode as exciting electrode, contact impedance between its electrode-skin
Measure error is minimum.Therefore, we select the neighbouring electrode of tested electrode as exciting electrode measurement contact resistance in being embodied as
It is anti-.
When the quick measurement for carrying out contact impedance, in the enterprising one step surveying of quick Fundamentals of Measurement of contact impedance contact is measured
Transfer impedance composition in impedance.As shown in figure 5, current source current I is delivered to exciting electrode pair, tension measuring circuit by variable connector
Measuring electrode is selected by variable connector, two adjacent interelectrode voltage difference Us 2 are obtained, contact resistance is equal to based on boundary voltage difference
Anti- value and the product of electric current I, calculate transfer impedance component Z '.
Finally, transfer impedance Z is deducted in contact impedance Z1 ' composition, accurately measure the value of transfer impedance Z2.
Using calibration plate model emulation, external 1K resistance simulations contact impedance, and change the position of exciting electrode, measurement knot
It is really as shown in the table：
As a result show, the accuracy of the Accurate measurement of contact impedance is better than method for fast measuring, and same tested
When the adjacent electrode of electrode is as exciting electrode, the error for measuring contact impedance is minimum.Therefore, in the accurate measurement of contact impedance
Energisation mode should choose neighbouring excitation in method.
Method accuracy comparative test：Two-probe method, method for fast measuring and Accurate measurement is selected to survey same respectively
Contact impedance size on electrode, contrasts the degree of accuracy of three kinds of methods, and exciting electrode all selects the adjacent electrode of tested electrode.Survey
Amount result is as shown in the table：
As a result show, set forth herein the certainty of measurement of Accurate measurement of contact impedance be substantially better than two-probe method,
And with the certainty of measurement for being not less than four electrode derivations on the premise of measuring speed is not sacrificed.And set forth herein contact resistance
Although anti-Accurate measurement has affected (measuring speed is equal with four electrode derivations) on measuring speed, with minimum
Measure error, its measurement accuracy is substantially better than two-probe method and four electrode derivations.
Electrode loose contact method of discrimination judges electrode-skin contact condition：For each electrode-skin contact resistance for obtaining
Anti- value (Z1, Z2, Z3 ... ..., Z16), judges whether electrode contacts well using averaging method and threshold method.Calculate on 16 electrodes
Contact impedance average Zm, contact impedance value in special electrodes is made comparisons with 2 times of average.If between special electrodes and skin
When contact impedance value is more than or equal to 2 times of contact impedance average between whole electrode-skins, then it is assumed that special electrodes contact condition is not
It is good, can over the display point out care provider to note checking electrode；
In order to make up judgement defect of the averaging method in the case of most electrode loose contacts, therefore arrange in each Frequency point
Impedance upper limit threshold Zr, if resistance value is contacted between special electrodes and skin more than upper limit threshold, then it is assumed that special electrodes are contacted
Situation is bad, and shows in display.
Each frequency lower threshold value statistical form
Above content technological thought only to illustrate the invention, it is impossible to which protection scope of the present invention is limited with this, it is every to press
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme, claims of the present invention is each fallen within
Protection domain within.
Claims (5)
1. between a kind of electrode-skin contact impedance measurement apparatus, it is characterised in that including processor, and and processor
Current source, tension measuring circuit, display and the alarm for interacting；Current source and tension measuring circuit pass through variable connector
It is connected with the electrode system being made up of some electrodes for being close to user's skin surface；Wherein,
Electrode system includes exciting electrode and measuring electrode；
Processor is used to control the selection of exciting electrode and measuring electrode, and according to exciting current and the response potentiometer for measuring
Calculate the contact impedance of respective electrode；
Current source is used to export the sinusoidal current signal of CF, under the control of a processor by variable connector to excitation electricity
Exciting current is injected in pole；
Tension measuring circuit is used to that the boundary voltage difference signal of collection measuring electrode, and the signal to collecting to be carried out gain and be put
It is big to process and analog-to-digital conversion, it is provided to processor；
Variable connector is connected with electrode system, and exciting current is accurately injected into the exciting electrode of selection；While variable connector
It is connected with tension measuring circuit, the boundary voltage for detecting difference is selectively supplied to into tension measuring circuit；
Display is used to show the contact impedance size and connection state of each electrode on electric system in real time；
Siren is used for when processor detects electrode with user's skin loose contact, and siren sounding points out medical matters people
Member checks electrode.
2. between electrode-skin according to claim 1 contact impedance measurement apparatus, it is characterised in that the voltage is surveyed
Amount circuit includes multiple amplifiers and the analog-digital converter of 16, the output end of analog-digital converter and the input of processor
It is connected.
3. described in a kind of employing claim 1 or 2 between the electrode-skin of measurement apparatus contact impedance measuring method, its feature
It is to comprise the following steps：
1) processor selects exciting electrode and measuring electrode, and tested electrode separately takes one with reference to electricity as the positive pole of exciting electrode
Ground terminal of the pole as exciting electrode；
2) current source current I is delivered to exciting electrode pair by processor control variable connector, and tension measuring circuit passes through variable connector
Two adjacent interelectrode boundary voltage difference U1 will be measured, based on boundary voltage difference equal to the value of contact impedance and the product of electric current I,
Processor is calculated tested electrode and resistance value Z1 is contacted between skin；
3) processor changes exciting electrode by variable connector, and current source current I is delivered to into the exciting electrode pair after changing, electricity
Pressure measuring circuit selects corresponding measuring electrode by variable connector, two adjacent interelectrode voltage difference Us 2 is obtained, based on border
Voltage difference is equal to the value of contact impedance and the product of electric current I, and processor is calculated transfer impedance component Z '；In contact impedance Z1
In deduct transfer impedance Z ' composition, obtain the value of transfer impedance Z2；
4) processor is calculated the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode by contact impedance Z1 and transfer impedance Z2, wherein：Z
=Z1-Z2；
5) processor judges the contact condition of tested electrode according to the value of the contact impedance Z of tested electrode, if judged result be by
Survey electrode is bad with user's skin contact condition, then processor sends alarm command to alarm, while showing over the display
Show the connection state of respective electrode.
4. between electrode-skin according to claim 3 contact impedance measuring method, it is characterised in that the step 5)
In, the method for judging tested electrode contact situation is as follows：
Electrode-skin contact impedance value to measuring on each electrode is averaged, and with tested electrode-skin contact impedance value
Z makes comparisons；If contact impedance value Z of tested electrode judges that the electrode is bad with skin contact condition more than 2 times of average.
5. between electrode-skin according to claim 3 contact impedance measuring method, it is characterised in that the step 5)
In, the method for judging tested electrode contact situation is as follows：
Impedance upper limit threshold Zr is set in each Frequency point, by contact impedance value Z on each electrode for obtaining and the impedance upper limit
Threshold value Zr value is compared；If contact impedance value Z is less than or equal to impedance upper limit threshold Zr, electrode contact is in order；If connecing
Tactile resistance value Z is more than impedance upper limit threshold Zr, then electrode contact situation is bad.
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