CN106615831B - Preparation method of composite microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing milk and brown sugar in proportion to obtain a solution A; adding mixed bacteria liquid into the solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into 1L of the solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B; thirdly, corn flour is added into the solution B and is uniformly stirred, and the raw material with the water content of 30-45% is obtained; and fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs. The method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and the obtained composite microbial inoculum can improve the fermentation efficiency, improve the feed quality, reduce the nutrient loss and prolong the storage time of the fermented feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pig feed, in particular to a preparation method of a composite microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs by using waste vegetables and straws.
Background
In recent years, the Gansu vegetable industry is rapidly developed and becomes one of five commercial vegetable bases of 'east-west-vegetable modulation' and 'south-north-vegetable transportation' in the whole country and key producing areas of northwest inland export vegetables. However, with the rapid development of the vegetable industry, a great amount of tail vegetables (i.e. vegetable waste, mainly waste roots, stems and leaves of baby cabbage, cauliflower, celery, lettuce and other vegetables) are generated in the processes of harvesting, fresh selling and primary processing of vegetables. The vegetable planting area of the whole province reaches 800 ten thousand mu in 2016, and the amount of the tail vegetables exceeds 1100 ten thousand tons. China is a big agricultural country, a large number of agricultural and sideline products are not fully utilized, great waste and environmental pollution are caused, and only crop straws are up to 5.7 hundred million tons every year. China is also a big pig-raising country, and with the rapid development of the pig-raising industry, the phenomenon of feed resource shortage is more and more prominent, and the phenomenon becomes a bottleneck restricting the development of the pig-raising industry.
The patents with publication numbers of CN103518957A and CN105325689A take the waste vegetables and the straws as raw materials, and the silage feed for ruminants such as cattle and sheep is produced by using the principle of the silage technology for reference, so that the silage feed effectively explores the aspect of the utilization of agricultural waste resources in the aspect of feed utilization. The fermented feed for pigs is produced by utilizing the waste vegetables and the straws, so that the source of the pig feed is widened, the utilization way of agricultural waste resources for feed is expanded, and the fermented feed has wide market prospect and application value. At present, mature technology for producing fermented feed for pigs by using tailed vegetables and crop straws and special commercial microbial inoculum are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a composite microbial inoculum which is simple in process and low in cost and is used for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws.
In order to solve the problems, the preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum for producing the fermented feed for the pigs by the aid of the tailed vegetables and the straws comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing milk and brown sugar according to the weight ratio of 10 kg-20 kg: uniformly mixing 1kg of the components to obtain a solution A;
adding mixed bacteria liquid into the solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into 1L of the solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B; the ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid to the solution A is 0.2 kg-0.4 kg: 10 kg-20 kg;
thirdly, corn flour is added into the solution B and is uniformly stirred, and the raw material with the water content of 30-45% is obtained; the ratio of the solution B to the corn flour is 1 kg-2 kg: 9 kg-12 kg;
and fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs.
The milk in the step is pasteurized skim milk.
In the step II, 1 part of inorganic salt is composed of 2.0g of disodium citrate, 2.0g of monopotassium phosphate, 2.0g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate and 20.0g of calcium carbonate.
The mixed bacteria liquid is prepared by the following method:
respectively diluting 1g of candida utilis (CICC 1314), geotrichum candidum (CICC 1315) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC 1421) with 10mL of sterile water, then inoculating 1mL of diluent A on a malt wort agar culture medium, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 h to respectively obtain pure culture strains of three yeasts; the malt agar slant culture medium is obtained by dissolving 15g of agar in 1L of malt wort;
respectively diluting lactobacillus plantarum (CICC 6026) and bifidobacterium animalis (CICC 21717) with 10mL of sterile water according to 1g of strains, then inoculating 1mL of diluent B into an MRS slant solid culture medium, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 h to respectively obtain two pure culture strains of lactobacillus; the MRS slant solid culture medium is prepared by dissolving 10.0g of casein peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast powder, 5.0g of glucose, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of disodium citrate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 20.0g of calcium carbonate and 15g of agar in 1L of distilled water;
filling 1/2-2/3 of the solution A in a closed container, respectively inoculating pure culture strains of the three yeasts according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A, sealing the solution with a breathable film, culturing the solution for 24-48 hours on a shaking table at 28-36 ℃ and the rotating speed of 180-220 r/min, and respectively obtaining amplification bacterial solutions of the three yeasts when the yeasts reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
inoculating pure culture strains of the two lactic acid bacteria according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A respectively to obtain two inoculation solutions, filling the two inoculation solutions in a closed container respectively, sealing, and performing static culture at 28-36 ℃ for 24-48 h to obtain amplification bacterial solutions of the two lactic acid bacteria when the lactic acid bacteria reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
fifthly, mixing the amplified bacterium solutions of the three yeasts and the amplified bacterium solutions of the two lactic acid bacteria according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, and then obtaining the mixed bacterial liquid.
The fineness of the corn flour in the step three is 80-100 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention takes corn, milk and brown sugar as raw materials, can produce the compound microbial inoculum of the fermented feed for pigs in large scale, and has simple production process and low cost of the raw materials.
2. The composite microbial inoculum obtained by the invention can improve the fermentation efficiency, improve the feed quality, reduce the nutrient loss and prolong the storage time of the fermented feed.
3. The fermented feed produced by using the composite microbial inoculum obtained by the invention is yellow brown, rich in nutrition, aromatic in flavor, palatable in sour and sweet taste, capable of increasing the feed intake of pigs and obvious in weight gain effect.
4. The fermented feed produced by using the composite microbial inoculum obtained by the invention is rich in various probiotics, and can improve the intestinal flora structure, reduce intestinal diseases and enhance the resistance of pigs.
5. The compound microbial inoculum obtained by the invention is in line with the quality standard of national feed additives, the feed produced by using the microbial inoculum has low cost, the feed cost is saved for breeding enterprises and farmers, and the economic benefit, the social benefit and the environmental benefit are obvious.
Detailed Description
Example 1 a method for preparing a complex microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws, comprising the following steps:
firstly, milk and brown sugar are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10 kg: and uniformly mixing the components in a proportion of 1kg to obtain a solution A.
Wherein: the milk is pasteurized skimmed milk.
Adding 0.2kg of mixed bacteria liquid into 10kg of solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into every 1L of solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain solution B.
Wherein: 1 part of inorganic salt is composed of 2.0g of disodium citrate, 2.0g of monopotassium phosphate, 2.0g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate and 20.0g of calcium carbonate.
The mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by the following method:
respectively diluting 1g of candida utilis (CICC 1314), geotrichum candidum (CICC 1315) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC 1421) with 10mL of sterile water, then inoculating 1mL of diluent A on a malt wort agar culture medium, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 h to respectively obtain pure culture strains of three yeasts; malt agar slant medium means that 15g of agar is dissolved in 1L of wort;
respectively diluting lactobacillus plantarum (CICC 6026) and bifidobacterium animalis (CICC 21717) with 10mL of sterile water according to 1g of strains, then inoculating 1mL of diluent B into an MRS slant solid culture medium, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 h to respectively obtain two pure culture strains of lactobacillus; the MRS slant solid culture medium is prepared by dissolving casein peptone 10.0g, beef extract 10.0g, yeast powder 5.0g, glucose 5.0g, sodium acetate 5.0g, disodium citrate 2.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.0g, manganese sulfate 0.05g, calcium carbonate 20.0g, and agar 15g in 1L distilled water;
filling 1/2-2/3 of the solution A in a closed container, inoculating pure culture strains of three yeasts according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A, sealing the solution with a breathable film, culturing the solution for 24-48 hours on a shaking table at 28-36 ℃ and the rotating speed of 180-220 r/min, and obtaining amplification bacterial solutions of the three yeasts when the yeasts reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
inoculating pure culture strains of two lactic acid bacteria according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A respectively to obtain two inoculation solutions, filling the two inoculation solutions in a closed container respectively, sealing, and performing standing culture at 28-36 ℃ for 24-48 h to obtain amplification bacterial solutions of the two lactic acid bacteria respectively when the lactic acid bacteria reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
fifthly, mixing the amplified bacterium solutions of three yeasts and the amplified bacterium solutions of two lactic acid bacteria according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, and then obtaining the mixed bacterial liquid.
And adding 9kg of corn flour with the fineness of 80-100 meshes into 1kg of the solution B, and uniformly stirring to obtain the raw material with the water content of 30-45%.
And fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs.
Embodiment 2 a method for preparing a complex microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing milk and brown sugar in a ratio of 20 kg: and uniformly mixing the components in a proportion of 1kg to obtain a solution A.
The milk was the same as in example 1.
Adding 0.4kg of mixed bacteria liquid into 20kg of the solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into every 1L of the solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B.
Wherein: inorganic salt 1 part and mixed bacterial solution were the same as in example 1.
And adding 12kg of corn flour with the fineness of 80-100 meshes into 2kg of the solution B, and uniformly stirring to obtain the raw material with the water content of 30-45%.
And fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs.
Embodiment 3 a method for preparing a complex microbial inoculum for producing fermented feed for pigs from waste vegetables and straws, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) pressing milk and brown sugar by 15 kg: and uniformly mixing the components in a proportion of 1kg to obtain a solution A.
The milk was the same as in example 1.
Adding 0.3kg of mixed bacteria liquid into 15kg of solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into every 1L of solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain solution B.
Wherein: inorganic salt 1 part and mixed bacterial solution were the same as in example 1.
And adding 10kg of corn flour with the fineness of 80-100 meshes into 1.5kg of the solution B, and uniformly stirring to obtain the raw material with the water content of 30-45%.
And fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum for producing the fermented feed for pigs by using the tailed vegetable and the straws comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing milk and brown sugar according to the weight ratio of 10 kg-20 kg: uniformly mixing 1kg of the components to obtain a solution A;
adding mixed bacteria liquid into the solution A, adding 1 part of inorganic salt into 1L of the solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B; the ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid to the solution A is 0.2 kg-0.4 kg: 10 kg-20 kg;
the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by the following method:
respectively diluting candida utilis, geotrichum candidum and saccharomyces cerevisiae with 10mL of sterile water according to 1g of strains, then inoculating 1mL of diluent A on a malt wort agar culture medium, and culturing for 6-12 h at 37 ℃ to respectively obtain pure culture strains of three yeasts; the malt agar slant culture medium is obtained by dissolving 15g of agar in 1L of malt wort;
diluting lactobacillus plantarum and bifidobacterium animalis with 10mL of sterile water according to 1g of strains respectively, then inoculating 1mL of diluent B into an MRS slant solid culture medium, and culturing for 6-12 h at 37 ℃ to obtain two pure culture strains of lactobacillus respectively; the MRS slant solid culture medium is prepared by dissolving 10.0g of casein peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast powder, 5.0g of glucose, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of disodium citrate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 20.0g of calcium carbonate and 15g of agar in 1L of distilled water;
filling 1/2-2/3 of the solution A in a closed container, respectively inoculating pure culture strains of the three yeasts according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A, sealing the solution with a breathable film, culturing the solution for 24-48 hours on a shaking table at 28-36 ℃ and the rotating speed of 180-220 r/min, and respectively obtaining amplification bacterial solutions of the three yeasts when the yeasts reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
inoculating pure culture strains of the two lactic acid bacteria according to 5-10% of the volume of the solution A respectively to obtain two inoculation solutions, filling the two inoculation solutions in a closed container respectively, sealing, and performing static culture at 28-36 ℃ for 24-48 h to obtain amplification bacterial solutions of the two lactic acid bacteria when the lactic acid bacteria reach 500 hundred million cfu/ml;
fifthly, mixing the amplified bacterium solutions of the three yeasts and the amplified bacterium solutions of the two lactic acid bacteria according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, and then obtaining mixed bacteria liquid;
thirdly, corn flour is added into the solution B and is uniformly stirred, and the raw material with the water content of 30-45% is obtained; the ratio of the solution B to the corn flour is 1 kg-2 kg: 9 kg-12 kg;
and fourthly, filling the raw materials into a container, sealing the container with a breathable film, fermenting for 1-2 days at 28-36 ℃, and drying, crushing and bagging the raw materials under the aseptic condition when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5 and the mixed bacteria reach 20-200 hundred million cfu/g to obtain the fermented feed composite microbial inoculum for the pigs.
2. The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum for producing the fermented feed for pigs by using the tailed vegetable and the straw as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the milk in the step is pasteurized skim milk.
3. The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum for producing the fermented feed for pigs by using the tailed vegetable and the straw as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step II, 1 part of inorganic salt is composed of 2.0g of disodium citrate, 2.0g of monopotassium phosphate, 2.0g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate and 20.0g of calcium carbonate.
4. The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum for producing the fermented feed for pigs by using the tailed vegetable and the straw as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fineness of the corn flour in the step three is 80-100 meshes.
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