CN106614189A - High-density overwintering cultivating method of macrobrachium rosenbergii parents - Google Patents
High-density overwintering cultivating method of macrobrachium rosenbergii parents Download PDFInfo
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- CN106614189A CN106614189A CN201611215414.1A CN201611215414A CN106614189A CN 106614189 A CN106614189 A CN 106614189A CN 201611215414 A CN201611215414 A CN 201611215414A CN 106614189 A CN106614189 A CN 106614189A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density overwintering cultivating method of macrobrachium rosenbergii parents. The high-density overwintering cultivating method comprises the following steps: (1) when the water temperature is above 20 DEG C before winter every year, selecting parent macrobrachium rosenbergii for overwintering cultivation from female macrobrachium rosenbergii and male macrobrachium rosenbergii in that very year; (2) performing in-vitro disinfection to the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii; (3) shearing one or all sides of chela on second ambulatory leg of the disinfected parent macrobrachium rosenbergii through disinfected tools; (4) putting the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii subjected to chela shearing operation, back to the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii pool for recuperating and recovering, wherein the feeding quantity of baits is 30%-50% of the normal eating quantity, and the content of dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, the water temperature is not lower than 20 DEG C, and the cultivating density is 40/m<2> to 60/m<2>; and (5) after the recuperating and recovering period, removing redundant shelters in the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii pool, controlling the water temperature to be between 19 DEG C and 21 DEG C, wherein the management of other aspects is operated according to the requirements of routine overwintering management. The high-density overwintering cultivating method has the beneficial effects of not only being capable of increasing the overwintering cultivating density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii parents by more than one time, but also being capable of guaranteeing the survival rate to achieve more than 90%, and having considerable economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of aquatic products, and in particular to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density is survived the winter cultivation side
Method, belongs to cultural technique field.
Background technology
Sexually matured Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the general body of male shrimp is about 40cm, body weight 600g or so, and the general body of female shrimp is about 25cm,
Body weight 200g or so.Sexually matured Macrobrachium rosenbergii body surface is enclosed with one layer of chitin crust, and body colour is in light greenish blue blueness, has pale brown
Color spot line, whole body is divided into cephalothorax and belly two large divisions, and cephalothorax is thick, therefore is also called " major part shrimp ", and shrimp body whole body is by 20
Section composition, each body segment (in addition to tail) has 1 pair of appendage, and front 2 pairs of appendages act primarily as smell and tactile effect, front 3 pairs of appendages with
Big jaw, the 1st small palate and the 2nd small palate collectively constitute mouthpart official, and the 1st pair of step and the 2nd pair of step are to ingest and defence instrument, male shrimp
It is the 2nd especially flourishing to step, more in sky blue, 3 pairs of steps afterwards are organ of creeping, and belly respectively has 1 in addition to Section 7, periproct
To appendage, swimming organ is.
Shrimp seed of macrobrachium rosenbergii generally goes through the cultivation of -5 months 3 months and just can reach sexal maturity, then through -6 months 3 months
The overwintering culture of left and right can be bred as parent.
Through cultivation practice for many years, it has been found that：
After the female shrimp spawning in 1 age in winter, in hatching process, embryonated egg do not allow it is easy to fall off, while the female shrimp of the primiparity in 1 age in winter produces
After ovum, gonad development is fast, ripe early, and twice egg-laying time interval is short, and -30 days 20 days general postpartum Jing reinforced cultivatings have can be again
Oogenesis, in the nursery stage in March to June, can oogenesis more than 3 times；
Although 2 ages in winter, female shrimp fish brood amount was more, in hatching process, embryonated egg easily comes off, and the young for hatching is less, and
Repeat oogenesis time interval long, reproduce number of times few；
3 ages in winter, female shrimp mostly lost fertility, and the young for being hatched is also low into rate.
So, many in production that close shrimp is selected in shrimp from then, the cultivation through surviving the winter breeds parent as the coming year.
At present, the method for the cultivation employing of surviving the winter of Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent is：Water temperature is kept to be not less than 18 using artificial means
DEG C, and the environment of breeding water body is controlled, to guarantee the normal growth of close shrimp.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii have the stronger habit for accusing each other, the shrimp of firm shell because protecting without hard shell, often
The attack for being subjected to other shrimps is injured or even lethal, and to relative shrimp overwintering cultivation greatly loss is caused.
Occur to reduce above-mentioned situation, existing counter-measure mainly controls close shrimp aquaculture density, will close shrimp it is close
Degree is controlled in per square metre of tail of 20 tail -25, smoothly to survive the winter.
But, this lifting that cultivation efficiency is limited by reducing the method for cultivation density increases auxiliary facility throwing
Enter, raised aquaculture cost.
The content of the invention
For solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent can be survived the winter it is foster
Grow density to lift more than one times and can ensure that Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density of its survival rate to more than 90% is survived the winter cultivation side
Method.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step1：- 2 months 1 month before annual winter, during more than 20 DEG C of water temperature, select in hero shrimp from female shrimp then and then
Go out the close shrimp as cultivation of surviving the winter, then these close shrimps are placed in independent close shrimp ponds and are temporarily supported；
Step2：Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro；
Step3：The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with sterilized instrument by per the 2nd step of only close shrimp
On chela cut off and wipe out on one side or all so as to holding capability and part attacking ability are lost, in the 1st step of close shrimp
Chela is still complete reservation；
Step4：The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, and be arranged that some veils are sought connections with for close shrimp in pond and dwell
Breath, entirely rests convalescence for -8 days 5 days, and period bait feeding amount is the 30%-50% of normal appetite, and dissolved oxygen content is not low
In 5mg/L, water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 40 tails/m2- 60 tails/m2；
Step5：Rest after convalescence, veil unnecessary in close shrimp ponds removed, water temperature control 19 DEG C -21 DEG C it
Between, other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
Aforesaid Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that in Step1, from female shrimp then
In pick out the individuality that a length of 10cm-12cm of body, body weight are 20g-30g, pick out a length of 10cm- of body from male shrimp then
15cm, body weight are the individuality of 30g-40g.
Aforesaid Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that in Step2, use 1PPM-5PPM
The potassium permanganate of concentration is sterilized in vitro to close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds, disinfecting time 10min-30min.
Aforesaid Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that in Step2, disinfecting process is protected
Content of oxygen dissolved in water is held in more than 5mg/L.
Aforesaid Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that in Step3, aforementioned tools choosing
It is nail clipper or scissors.
Aforesaid Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that in Step4, entirely rest extensive
The multiple phase keeps dim environment in close shrimp ponds, is beneficial to close shrimp and rests recovery.
The invention has benefit that：
(1) chela in the 2nd step of close shrimp is cut off and is wiped out on one side or all, make close shrimp transitory loss holding capability
With part attacking ability, cultivation density so can be both improved, the behavior that close shrimp accuses each other, Jing systems can have been reduced again
Meter, after the cultural method using the present invention, the cultivation density of Parent Female of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is up to 40 tails/m during surviving the winter2- 60 tails/m2, it is
Tradition is survived the winter more than 2 times of cultivation density, is realized high density and is survived the winter cultivation, and survival rate is to more than 90%, economical
Considerable benefit；
(2) after coming year water temperature rises, close shrimp can grow complete chela again after a shell in the 2nd step, parent
The commodity value of shrimp will not receive impact；
(3) after using the cultural method of the present invention, in the case of equal parent's shrimp quantity, heating and thermal insulation expense can be saved
More than 45%, integrated management cost can save more than 40%, and benefit is lifted notable.
Specific embodiment
Make specific introduction to the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent's high density overwintering cultivation method of the present invention, it is comprised the following steps：
Step1：The close shrimp of choosing
- 2 months 1 month before annual winter, during more than 20 DEG C of water temperature, a length of 10cm- of body is picked out from female shrimp then
12cm, body weight are the individuality of 20g-30g, and a length of 10cm-15cm of body, body weight are picked out for the individual of 30g-40g from male shrimp then
Body, these close shrimps using the select individual close shrimp as cultivation of surviving the winter, be then placed in independent close shrimp ponds and temporarily supported.
Step2：External sterilization
Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro with the potassium permanganate of 1PPM-5PPM concentration, disinfecting time
10min-30min, disinfecting process keeps content of oxygen dissolved in water in more than 5mg/L, it is found that close shrimp does not tolerate timely during situation
Pull out and temporarily support in addition.
Step3：Implement to cut chela operation
The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with instruments such as sterilized nail clipper or scissors, will be per only close shrimp
The 2nd step on chela cut off and wipe out on one side or all so as to lose holding capability and part attacking ability.
Chela in 1st step of close shrimp is still complete reservation, and the chela still possesses holding capability, does not interfere with close shrimp
Normal feed.
Step4：Rest recovery
The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, some pasture and water or other veils will be arranged in pond, be climbed for close shrimp
It is attached to perch, and keep dim environment in close shrimp ponds, it is beneficial to close shrimp and rests recovery.
Convalescence entirely rest for -8 days 5 days, period bait feeding amount is the 30%-50% of normal appetite, and dissolved oxygen contains
Amount is not less than 5mg/L, and water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 40 tails/m2- 60 tails/m2。
Step5：Overwinter management
Rest after convalescence, pasture and water unnecessary in close shrimp ponds and other veils are removed, water temperature is controlled at 19 DEG C -21
Between DEG C, other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
Application case one
Nanning Liangqing District Na Ma towns Guangxi aquatic products research institute seed multiplication farm 1 is survived the winter and breeds booth, in 11 months 2015
Ten days, more than 20 DEG C of water temperature picks out the individuality that a length of 10cm-12cm of body, body weight are 20g-30g, from then from female shrimp then
The individuality that a length of 10cm-15cm of body, body weight are 30g-40g is picked out in male shrimp, using select individuality as cultivation of surviving the winter
Close shrimp, then these close shrimps are placed in independent close shrimp ponds and are temporarily supported.
Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro with the potassium permanganate of 1PPM concentration, disinfecting time 30min disappears
Malicious process keeps content of oxygen dissolved in water in more than 5mg/L, it is found that close shrimp is pulled out in time when not tolerating situation and temporarily support in addition.
The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with sterilized nail clipper by per in only the 2nd step of close shrimp
Chela cuts off on one side so as to lose holding capability and part attacking ability, and the chela in the 1st step of close shrimp is still complete reservation
, the chela still possesses holding capability, does not interfere with close shrimp and normally takes food.
The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, and be arranged that some pasture and water seek connections with for close shrimp in pond and perch, and be kept
Dim environment is beneficial to close shrimp and rests recovery in close shrimp ponds, entirely rests convalescence for 7 days, and period bait feeding amount is positive often to eat
The 30% of amount, dissolved oxygen content is not less than 5mg/L, and water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 40 tails/m2。
Rest after convalescence, pasture and water unnecessary in close shrimp ponds and other veils are removed, water temperature is controlled at 19 DEG C -21
Between DEG C, other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
On March 20th, 2016, raise close shrimp ponds water temperature to 24 DEG C, afterwards close shrimp after a shell in the 2nd step again
Complete chela is grown.
On April 15th, 2016, overwintering parent shrimp is ingested normally, physically fit, and the female shrimp in part starts oogenesis hatching.
Jing is counted, close shrimp survival rate to 93.6%, in the case of equal parent's shrimp quantity, heating and thermal insulation cost savings
48%, integrated management cost savings 42%, benefit is lifted notable.
Application case two
Nanning Liangqing District Na Ma towns Guangxi aquatic products research institute seed multiplication farm 2 is survived the winter and breeds booth, October 18 in 2014
Day, more than 20 DEG C of water temperature picks out the individuality that a length of 10cm-12cm of body, body weight are 20g-30g, from then from female shrimp then
The individuality that a length of 10cm-15cm of body, body weight are 30g-40g is picked out in male shrimp, using select individuality as cultivation of surviving the winter
Close shrimp, then these close shrimps are placed in independent close shrimp ponds and are temporarily supported.
Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro with the potassium permanganate of 3PPM concentration, disinfecting time 20min disappears
Malicious process keeps content of oxygen dissolved in water in more than 5mg/L, it is found that close shrimp is pulled out in time when not tolerating situation and temporarily support in addition.
The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with sterilized nail clipper by per in only the 2nd step of close shrimp
Chela cuts off on one side so as to lose holding capability and part attacking ability, and the chela in the 1st step of close shrimp is still complete reservation
, the chela still possesses holding capability, does not interfere with close shrimp and normally takes food.
The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, and be arranged that some pasture and water seek connections with for close shrimp in pond and perch, and be kept
Dim environment is beneficial to close shrimp and rests recovery in close shrimp ponds, entirely rests convalescence for 5 days, and period bait feeding amount is positive often to eat
The 40% of amount, dissolved oxygen content is not less than 5mg/L, and water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 50 tails/m2。
Rest after convalescence, pasture and water unnecessary in close shrimp ponds and other veils are removed, water temperature is controlled at 19 DEG C -21
Between DEG C, other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
On April 3rd, 2015, close shrimp ponds water temperature is raised to 22 DEG C, afterwards close shrimp is again long in the 2nd step after a shell
Complete chela is gone out.
On April 18th, 2015, overwintering parent shrimp is ingested normally, physically fit, and the female shrimp in part starts oogenesis.
Jing is counted, close shrimp survival rate to 91.3%, in the case of equal parent's shrimp quantity, heating and thermal insulation cost savings
52%, integrated management cost savings 41%, benefit is lifted notable.
Application case three
Nanning Liangqing District Na Ma towns Guangxi aquatic products research institute seed multiplication farm 3 is survived the winter and breeds booth, November 10 in 2015
Day, more than 20 DEG C of water temperature picks out the individuality that a length of 10cm-12cm of body, body weight are 20g-30g, from then from female shrimp then
The individuality that a length of 10cm-15cm of body, body weight are 30g-40g is picked out in male shrimp, using select individuality as cultivation of surviving the winter
Close shrimp, then these close shrimps are placed in independent close shrimp ponds and are temporarily supported.
Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro with the potassium permanganate of 5PPM concentration, disinfecting time 10min disappears
Malicious process keeps content of oxygen dissolved in water in more than 5mg/L, it is found that close shrimp is pulled out in time when not tolerating situation and temporarily support in addition.
The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with sterilized nail clipper by per in only the 2nd step of close shrimp
Chela cuts off on one side so as to lose holding capability and part attacking ability, and the chela in the 1st step of close shrimp is still complete reservation
, the chela still possesses holding capability, does not interfere with close shrimp and normally takes food.
The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, and be arranged that some veils are sought connections with for close shrimp in pond and perch, and be protected
Hold dim environment in close shrimp ponds and be beneficial to close shrimp and rest recovery, entirely rest convalescence for 8 days, period bait feeding amount is normal
The 50% of appetite, dissolved oxygen content is not less than 5mg/L, and water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 60 tails/m2。
Rest after convalescence, pasture and water unnecessary in close shrimp ponds and other veils are removed, water temperature is controlled at 19 DEG C -21
Between DEG C, other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
On March 28th, 2016, raise close shrimp ponds water temperature to 25 DEG C, afterwards close shrimp after a shell in the 2nd step again
Complete chela is grown.
On April 8th, 2016, overwintering parent shrimp is ingested normally, physically fit, and the female shrimp in part starts oogenesis.
Jing is counted, close shrimp survival rate to 93.2%, in the case of equal parent's shrimp quantity, heating and thermal insulation cost savings
62%, integrated management cost savings 46%, benefit is lifted notable.
In sum, after using the cultural method of the present invention, the cultivation density of Parent Female of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is up to 40 during surviving the winter
Tail/m2- 60 tails/m2, it is that tradition is survived the winter more than 2 times of cultivation density, realize high density and survive the winter cultivation, and survival rate is arrived
More than 90%, economic benefits.
Additionally, after the cultural method using the present invention, in the case of equal parent's shrimp quantity, heating and thermal insulation expense can be saved
More than 45%, integrated management cost can save more than 40%, and benefit is lifted notable.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment the invention is not limited in any way, all employing equivalents or equivalent change
The technical scheme that the mode changed is obtained, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step1：- 2 months 1 month before annual winter, during more than 20 DEG C of water temperature, work is picked out in hero shrimp from female shrimp then and then
For the close shrimp of cultivation of surviving the winter, then these close shrimps are placed in independent close shrimp ponds and are temporarily supported；
Step2：Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro；
Step3：The close shrimp for disinfecting is picked up from close shrimp ponds, with sterilized instrument by per in only the 2nd step of close shrimp
Chela cuts off to be wiped out on one side or all so as to lose holding capability and part attacking ability, the chela in the 1st step of close shrimp
It is still complete reservation；
Step4：The postoperative close shrimp of chela will be cut and put back to close shrimp ponds, and be arranged that some veils are sought connections with for close shrimp in pond and perch, it is whole
Individual to rest convalescence for -8 days 5 days, period bait feeding amount is the 30%-50% of normal appetite, and dissolved oxygen content is not less than
5mg/L, water temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and cultivation density is 40 tails/m2- 60 tails/m2；
Step5：Rest after convalescence, veil unnecessary in close shrimp ponds removed, water temperature is controlled between 19 DEG C -21 DEG C,
Other aspect management require to operate according to conventional overwinter management.
2. Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in Step1,
The individuality that a length of 10cm-12cm of body, body weight are 20g-30g is picked out from female shrimp then, body is picked out from male shrimp then long
For 10cm-15cm, the individuality that body weight is 30g-40g.
3. Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in Step2,
Close shrimp temporarily foster in close shrimp ponds is sterilized in vitro with the potassium permanganate of 1PPM-5PPM concentration, disinfecting time 10min-
30min。
4. Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in Step2,
Disinfecting process keeps content of oxygen dissolved in water in more than 5mg/L.
5. Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in Step3,
The tools selection is nail clipper or scissors.
6. Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent high density overwintering cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in Step4,
Convalescence of entirely resting keeps dim environment in close shrimp ponds, is beneficial to close shrimp and rests recovery.
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| CN111642432A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-09-11 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Method for in-situ breeding of red swamp crayfish in rice field planting area in slack winter |
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| CN111642432A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-09-11 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Method for in-situ breeding of red swamp crayfish in rice field planting area in slack winter |
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