CN106613168A - 一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN106613168A
CN106613168A CN201611057128.7A CN201611057128A CN106613168A CN 106613168 A CN106613168 A CN 106613168A CN 201611057128 A CN201611057128 A CN 201611057128A CN 106613168 A CN106613168 A CN 106613168A
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selenium
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徐德琴
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Anhui Yulong Farmer Cooperatives
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Abstract

本发明属于农作物种植技术领域，尤其是一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，具体方法如下：（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理；（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理。本发明使得小麦全蚀病病害率降低至1.21%~1.32%、根腐病病害率降低至0.89%~0.99%、千粒重达到44.98~45.56g、含硒量达到101.48~102.45μg/100g，亩产量达到601.14~611.74 kg、增产25.44%~27.65%，有效提高小麦的产量和营养价值。

Description

一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于农作物种植技术领域，尤其是一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法。
背景技术
硒是人体必需的重要微量元素，能提高人体免疫，促进淋巴细胞的增殖及抗体和免疫球蛋白的合成，医疗保健作用和防病治病效果明显，对人体健康有着十分重要的意义；小麦是人们饮食中不可缺少的，所以通过提高小麦的含硒量来促进人体健康和提高种植户的经济收益是一个非常好的途径；因此，发明一种富硒小麦的种植方法对种植户的经济收益和人体身体健康具有重大意义。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，具体方法如下：
（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理
10月中旬，选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害、无霉烂的小麦种，摊开露天晾晒7~8h，用富硒拌种剂进行拌种处理，摊开露天晾晒5~6h；所述的富硒拌种剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：L-硒代蛋氨酸1.2~1.4份、***钠11~12份、仙鹤草提取物2.3~2.5份、土元提取物1.7~1.9份、大黄酸8~9份；
（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理
将经步骤（1）处理后的小麦种按9.4~9.8kg/亩的播种量进行播种，12月上旬，拔除枯苗、死苗、病苗，施腐熟牛粪1200~1300kg/亩、葫芦壳粉3.3~3.5kg/亩、甘松粉0.44~0.48kg/亩，第二天第一次叶面喷施富硒营养液，在返青初期和抽穗初期分别叶面喷施一次富硒营养液；所述的富硒营养液，由以下重量份的原料制成：***钠17~19份、维生素E8~9份、灰树花多糖2.3~2.7份、火炭母提取物5.5~6.1份、大蒜素3.4~3.8份。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒拌种剂的质量分数为0.034%~0.038%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液的质量分数为0.0017%~0.0021%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液，第一次的喷施量为5.4~5.6L/亩、返青初期的喷施量为8.6~8.8L/亩、抽穗初期的喷施量为9.2~9.4L/亩。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，在播种前使用本发明的拌种剂进行拌种处理，有效杀灭种子携带的病菌，促进种子发芽出苗，有助于硒含量的提升；越冬前进行施肥处理和喷施营养液，有效提高幼苗的抗冻能力，杀灭越冬病菌，为开春幼苗的快速生长储存丰富的营养，返青初期和抽穗初期喷施营养液，此时小麦植株对硒元素的吸收率高，有效促进硒元素的吸收转化率，提高小麦硒含量；本发明使得小麦全蚀病病害率降低至1.21%~1.32%、根腐病病害率降低至0.89%~0.99%，使得千粒重达到44.98~45.56g，使得含硒量达到101.48~102.45μg/100g，使得亩产量达到601.14~611.74 kg、增产25.44%~27.65%，有效提高小麦的产量和营养价值。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明，但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中，一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，具体方法如下：
（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理
10月中旬，选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害、无霉烂的小麦种，摊开露天晾晒7~8h，用富硒拌种剂进行拌种处理，摊开露天晾晒5~6h；所述的富硒拌种剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：L-硒代蛋氨酸1.2份、***钠11份、仙鹤草提取物2.3份、土元提取物1.7份、大黄酸8份；
（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理
将经步骤（1）处理后的小麦种按9.4kg/亩的播种量进行播种，12月上旬，拔除枯苗、死苗、病苗，施腐熟牛粪1200kg/亩、葫芦壳粉3.3kg/亩、甘松粉0.44kg/亩，第二天第一次叶面喷施富硒营养液，在返青初期和抽穗初期分别叶面喷施一次富硒营养液；所述的富硒营养液，由以下重量份的原料制成：***钠17份、维生素E8份、灰树花多糖2.3份、火炭母提取物5.5份、大蒜素3.4份。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒拌种剂的质量分数为0.034%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液的质量分数为0.0017%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液，第一次的喷施量为5.4L/亩、返青初期的喷施量为8.6L/亩、抽穗初期的喷施量为9.2L/亩。
实施例2
本发明实施例中，一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，具体方法如下：
（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理
10月中旬，选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害、无霉烂的小麦种，摊开露天晾晒7~8h，用富硒拌种剂进行拌种处理，摊开露天晾晒5~6h；所述的富硒拌种剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：L-硒代蛋氨酸1.3份、***钠11.5份、仙鹤草提取物2.4份、土元提取物1.8份、大黄酸8.5份；
（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理
将经步骤（1）处理后的小麦种按9.6kg/亩的播种量进行播种，12月上旬，拔除枯苗、死苗、病苗，施腐熟牛粪1250kg/亩、葫芦壳粉3.4kg/亩、甘松粉0.46kg/亩，第二天第一次叶面喷施富硒营养液，在返青初期和抽穗初期分别叶面喷施一次富硒营养液；所述的富硒营养液，由以下重量份的原料制成：***钠18份、维生素E8.5份、灰树花多糖2.5份、火炭母提取物5.8份、大蒜素3.6份。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒拌种剂的质量分数为0.036%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液的质量分数为0.0019%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液，第一次的喷施量为5.5L/亩、返青初期的喷施量为8.7L/亩、抽穗初期的喷施量为9.3L/亩。
实施例3
本发明实施例中，一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，具体方法如下：
（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理
10月中旬，选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害、无霉烂的小麦种，摊开露天晾晒7~8h，用富硒拌种剂进行拌种处理，摊开露天晾晒5~6h；所述的富硒拌种剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：L-硒代蛋氨酸1.4份、***钠12份、仙鹤草提取物2.5份、土元提取物1.9份、大黄酸9份；
（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理
将经步骤（1）处理后的小麦种按9.8kg/亩的播种量进行播种，12月上旬，拔除枯苗、死苗、病苗，施腐熟牛粪1300kg/亩、葫芦壳粉3.5kg/亩、甘松粉0.48kg/亩，第二天第一次叶面喷施富硒营养液，在返青初期和抽穗初期分别叶面喷施一次富硒营养液；所述的富硒营养液，由以下重量份的原料制成：***钠19份、维生素E9份、灰树花多糖2.7份、火炭母提取物6.1份、大蒜素3.8份。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒拌种剂的质量分数为0.038%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液的质量分数为0.0021%。
作为发明进一步的方案：所述的富硒营养液，第一次的喷施量为5.6L/亩、返青初期的喷施量为8.8L/亩、抽穗初期的喷施量为9.4L/亩。
使用本实施例的种植方法与对比例小麦的普通种植方法种植“烟农19”小麦20亩，分为4组，平均每组5亩，其他条件均相同，统计其全蚀病病害率、根腐病病害率、平均千粒重、平均含硒量和平均亩产量，实验对比结果如下表：
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例
全蚀病病害率（%） 1.32 1.27 1.21 6.13
根腐病病害率（%） 0.99 1.93 0.89 6.55
平均千粒重（g） 44.98 45.27 45.56 40.67
平均含硒量（μg/100g） 101.48 101.97 102.45 4.23
平均亩产量（kg） 601.14 605.89 611.74 479.23
相对增产率（%） 25.44 26.43 27.65 ——
从表1可以看出，本发明的种植方法使得小麦全蚀病病害率降低至1.21%~1.32%、相对对比例小麦的普通种植方法降低4.81%~4.92%，使得根腐病病害率降低至0.89%~0.99%、相对对比例小麦的普通种植方法降低5.56%~5.66%，使得平均千粒重达到44.98~45.56g、相对对比例小麦的普通种植方法增重4.31~4.89g，使得平均含硒量达到101.48~102.45μg/100g、相对对比例小麦的普通种植方法提高97.25~98.22μg/100g，使得平均亩产量达到601.14~611.74 kg、相对对比例小麦的普通种植方法增产25.44%~27.65%。

Claims (4)

1.一种高产富硒小麦的种植方法，其特征在于，具体方法如下：
（1）小麦种播种前的拌种处理
10月中旬，选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害、无霉烂的小麦种，摊开露天晾晒7~8h，用富硒拌种剂进行拌种处理，摊开露天晾晒5~6h；所述的富硒拌种剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：L-硒代蛋氨酸1.2~1.4份、***钠11~12份、仙鹤草提取物2.3~2.5份、土元提取物1.7~1.9份、大黄酸8~9份；
（2）小麦种播种后的田间管理
将经步骤（1）处理后的小麦种按9.4~9.8kg/亩的播种量进行播种，12月上旬，拔除枯苗、死苗、病苗，施腐熟牛粪1200~1300kg/亩、葫芦壳粉3.3~3.5kg/亩、甘松粉0.44~0.48kg/亩，第二天第一次叶面喷施富硒营养液，在返青初期和抽穗初期分别叶面喷施一次富硒营养液；所述的富硒营养液，由以下重量份的原料制成：***钠17~19份、维生素E8~9份、灰树花多糖2.3~2.7份、火炭母提取物5.5~6.1份、大蒜素3.4~3.8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产富硒小麦的种植方法，其特征在于，所述的富硒拌种剂的质量分数为0.034%~0.038%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产富硒小麦的种植方法，其特征在于，所述的富硒营养液的质量分数为0.0017%~0.0021%。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的高产富硒小麦的种植方法，其特征在于，所述的富硒营养液，第一次的喷施量为5.4~5.6L/亩、返青初期的喷施量为8.6~8.8L/亩、抽穗初期的喷施量为9.2~9.4L/亩。
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