CN106610503A - Omnidirectional slot wave seismic detection method in coal mine excavation process - Google Patents
Omnidirectional slot wave seismic detection method in coal mine excavation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an omnidirectional slot wave seismic detection method in a coal mine excavation process. The method comprises the steps of hardware connection and system arrangement, data acquisition, seismic data preprocessing, data processing analysis and offset imaging and comprehensive geological interpretation. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the omnidirectional slot wave detection method can timely predict left and right working faces, and the coal seam occurrence, geological structure, stress pressure and the like in front of a heading face, and provides geological parameters and recommendations for excavation and recovery; coal mine geological hazards can be effectively controlled; casualties caused by geological causes are reduced; the coal mine safety is protected; through the method, the detection distance of left and right side walls of a roadway is up to 100 to 300 meters each time, and the front of the heading face is up to 100 meters; a large number of detection times can be saved in the excavation process; and the detection efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mine safety technical field of coal mine roadway driving, is mainly used in accurately detecting coal mine roadway area
The geologic anomaly situation such as square craven fault, karst collapse col umn, goaf and wash zone in front, and in particular in a kind of Coal mine excavation
Comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method.
Background technology
The coalfield ground survey stage easily omits some little structures, such as coal seam small faults, karst collapse col umn etc., these little structures
Make in coal surveys exploration even mining area detailed survey stage, either probing or other geophysical methods, be all difficult to find, i.e.,
Increase investigation accuracy is made, effect is also obvious, and the cost that increase ground survey precision is caused increases huge, exists in coal seam
These geological structures, such as craven fault, karst collapse col umn and wash zone seriously threaten Safety of Coal Mine Production, especially in coal mine roadway
Phase of boring, due to cannot in advance verify coal seam geological condition, geological structure often causes landslide, emits present in coal seam
The production accident such as top, gushing water and Gas Outburst, to coal production huge economic loss is caused, and serious harm coal mine personnel
Life security, during coal mine roadway is tunneled, detects in advance the geological structure distribution situation in front, is then made rational planning for
And control, so as to ensure that Safety of Coal Mine Production is one of mining listed corporations groundwork.
Down-hole slot wave is formed at the distinguishingly seismic wave of the one kind in coal seam, and slot wave has following features：Slot wave some features
Directly reflect the construction featuress in coal seam；The propagation of slot wave is confined in coal groove, carries the geological information in a large amount of coal seams；
Under real well seismic acquisition to seismic signal in, slot wave has stronger energy, and signal to noise ratio is high, and the present invention is mainly profit
With down-hole seam seismic exploration so as to more effectively solve the geological problem in coal mine roadway driving, so as to effectively protect
Barrier Safety of Coal Mine Production.
The content of the invention
According to above-mentioned elaboration, it is an object of the invention to provide the comprehensive channel wave seismic in a kind of Coal mine excavation is visited
Survey method.In digging laneway in coal mine underground coal bed, the method can effectively, it is accurately continuous during tunnelling
Detection tunnel both sides coal seam and development end front geological construction, do not affect tunneling construction, and driving is completed while driving is completed
The omnibearing geological structure situation in face.
The present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method in Coal mine excavation, comprises the following steps：
Step one, hardware connection and system arrangement：Left and right lateral wall, driving face arrangement in the digging laneway of work surface
Cymoscope, each cymoscope connection acquisition station, each acquisition station unifies time service or ground GPS time service using down-hole；
Step 2, data acquisition：In tunnel or so, lateral wall arranges the hole of 1-2m of depth, and cymoscope is placed in hole, right
Explosive charge when tunnelling face works is shaken as single source and collection point source data；
Step 3, geological data pretreatment：Geological data to gathering carries out Data Format Transform and conciliates volume, and is setting up
After observation system, data trace header is placed into, enters trade editor, to remove bad track；
Step 4, Data Management Analysis and migration imaging：First, geological data is carried out spectrum analyses, time frequency analysis and
Polarographic analysiss, to obtain the characteristic parameter such as frequency, energy and polarization of seismic signal；Secondly, row amplitude benefit is entered to geological data
Repay, filter, to improve data SNR；Then, using τ-ρ conversion and F-K conversion carry out different echos separation and P ripples and
The wave field separation of S ripples；Finally, velocity analysiss are carried out to the geological data after process, to determine rate pattern, then to carry out prestack inclined
Picture is moved into, to obtain 3D migration imaging result figures；
Step 5, integrative seismic technology：With reference to existing geologic information, according to migration imaging figure, carry out seismic geology interpretation,
The corresponding different bed boundary of different reflecting interfaces is explained, finally, analysis draws tunnel front and both sides investigative range
Interior architectonic space distribution situation.
In step one, acquisition station adopt distributed capture station, when down-hole constant-temperature crystal oscillator is walked by the way of.
In step one, acquisition station adopts centralized acquisition station, the retention time synchronization by the way of line locking.
In step 2, cymoscope road spacing is more than 5 meters, if focus is very few, the lateral wall drilling explosive in tunnel or so,
The seimic wave propagation that explosive charge is excited is to work surface depths.
The present invention can in time predict left and right sides work surface and the coal seam in front of development end using comprehensive slot wave detection method
Situations such as preservation, geological structure and stress pressure, be that driving and back production provide geologic parameter and suggestion, can effectively control coal
Ore deposit geological disaster, reduces the casualties caused because of Geological Reasons, is that safety of coal mines escorts, and using the present invention, every time may be used
So that in tunnel or so lateral wall detection range, up to 100-300 rice, development end front, can be a large amount of in tunneling process up to 100 meters
Detection times are saved, detection efficient is improved.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention has the present invention：
1st, comprehensive slot wave detection method can predict in time left and right sides work surface and the ocurrence of coal seam in front of development end,
Quality structure is made and situations such as stress pressure, is that driving and back production provide geologic parameter and suggestion, can effectively control coal mining geology
Disaster, reduces the casualties caused because of Geological Reasons, is that safety of coal mines escorts.
2nd, the inventive method is adopted, every time can be in tunnel or so lateral wall detection range up to 100-300 rice, before development end
Detection times can be in a large number saved in tunneling process up to 100 meters, improve detection efficient.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
To obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is underground coal mine with pick Omnibearing earthquake auto detection method principle schematic；
XY sections schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is 3D models containing Roadway Leading Prospecting Z=30m；
Fig. 3 be 3D models containing Roadway Leading Prospecting in survey line (X=40m, Z=30m) 3-component earthquake profile and carry
The reflected P-wave seismic cross-section for taking, wherein Fig. 3 a are that x measures seismic cross-section, and Fig. 3 b are Y-component seismic cross-section, and Fig. 3 c are z
Multicomponent seismic profile, Fig. 3 d are the reflected P-wave for extracting.
Fig. 4 is the 3D prestack migration image figures of reflected P-wave；
Fig. 5 is XY (Z=30m) plane graph of the 3D prestack migration images of reflected P-wave.
1st, echo is illustrated；2nd, shot point；3rd, cymoscope；4th, tomography；5th, coal body；6th, tunnel；7th, stratum one；8th, stratum two；
9th, seismic survey lines.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing of the present invention, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the present invention,
The every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to this
The scope of bright protection.
As shown in figure 1, embodiment is a typical Roadway Leading Prospecting 3D model, 1 tunnel, tunnel are contained in model
There is a vertical fault in front of tunnel heading, the side of tomography 2 is Different Strata rock.The side of tunnel 2 arrangement earthquake in a model is surveyed
Line, stratum one as shown in Figure 2 and the particular location of stratum two, by based on 3D Time Migration of Elastic Wave Equation numerical simulations, being surveyed
3 component seismic records of line position, for follow-up data processing and the explanation of imaging method.The thing of 3D forward probe models
Shown in property parameter table specific as follows.
The Roadway Leading Prospecting model physical parameter of table 1
Using Omnibearing earthquake auto detection method proposed by the present invention, it specifically can be realized by following steps：
Step 1：Data acquisition：Obtained accordingly using numerical simulation is carried out in 3D typical geology geophysical models
Shake record data, it is equal under real well the actual seismic data collected according to observation system.
Gasbag-type cymoscope is placed in the drilling of the left and right lateral wall depth of placement about 1-2m of coal mine down-hole tunnel, drilling；
Shot point adopts the embedding about 100-200g explosives in the hole of drilling depth about 2m；Seismic wave is gathered with explosive charge as focus
Data.
Step 2：Geological data pretreatment：First, original earthquake data is carried out into data solution to compile and form conversion；Furthermore,
According to down-hole actual observation system arrangement, observation system is set up, be placed into data trace header；Finally, trade editor is entered, it is bad to remove
Road.
Step 3：Data Management Analysis and migration imaging：First, spectrum analyses, time frequency analysis and pole are carried out to geological data
Change analysis, to obtain the characteristic parameter such as frequency, energy and polarization of seismic signal；Secondly, geological data is carried out amplitude compensation,
Filtering, to improve data SNR；Then, as shown in Fig. 3 a-Fig. 3 d in Fig. 3, difference is carried out using τ-ρ conversion and F-K conversion
The separation of echo and the wave field separation of P ripples and S ripples；Finally, velocity analysiss are carried out to the geological data after process, to determine speed
Degree model, then prestack migration image is carried out, as shown in figure 4, to obtain 3D migration imaging result figures.
Step 4：Integrative seismic technology：As shown in Figures 4 and 5, with reference to processing the 3D that obtains in existing geologic information and step 3
Migration imaging figure, carries out seismic geology interpretation work.Finally, the different reflecting interfaces explained in 3D migration imaging figures are corresponding
Different bed boundary, so as to tunnel front and the architectonic space distribution situation in the investigative range of both sides can be analyzed.
The mathematical principle of the crucial kirchhoff migration before stack algorithm in the concrete grammar stated in step 3 is concrete such as
Under：
Kirchhoff Summation Method of Migration is offset method commonly used during actual seismic data imaging is processed.Implementation method
On, it is superimposed similar to the diffraction scan in ray deflection method；In theory, f-k domains fluctuation side is equivalent to a certain extent
Journey skew (Ding Renwei, 2008).
The homogeneous Integral Solution of Wave Equation of compressional wave is：
Q in formula --- the closed surface in perturbing area；
The exterior normal of n --- Q；
[] --- delayed bit,
r——p(xp,yp,zp) to the distance of each point on Q；
u(xp,yp,zp, t) --- certain point p (x in Qp,yp,zp) in the wave field functional value of t.
As p (xp,yp,zp) be located at Q outside when, have
Because occurring in that in formula (1-1)To simplify formula, the content that disappears is needed.
Q first is respectively by ground Q0And Q1Two parts are constituted, wherein Q1Radius for land portions, and sphere is intended to nothing
It is poor big.So Q1Curve surface integral for p (xp,yp,zp) contribution of wave field function of point is zero, so formula (1-1) can rewrite
For
Further, since z-axis direction and exterior normal direction n conversely, soFormula (1-1) can be rewritten as：
If p*It is p (xp,yp,zp) with regard to Q0Mirror point, its coordinate be (xp,yp,-zp) can be obtained by formula (1-2)
Wherein r*It is p*To Q0The distance of upper each point, in Q0On, it is readily obtained
Formula (1-6) is brought in formula (1-5), is obtained
Formula (1-4) is added with formula (1-7), is obtained
Formula (1-8) is just the Kirchhoff migiation formula on half space, is no longer occurred in formula (1-8)Xiang Liao.
In the case of far field, 1/r2=1/r formulas (1-8) are approximately
If r is with the angle of interface exterior normalThen
Formula (1-9) is rewritable to be
When under far field situation, wavefront surface is considered plane, so,ThenIn substituting the above to formula (1-9), formula (1-12) is obtained：
The inverse process for obtaining earthquake record is the migration processing of geological data, and now we have obtained ground table record
Seismic wave field, it is desirable to obtain reflecting interface as the locus of secondary focus.
If u (x in formulap,yp,zp, wave equation t) is met, when t is changed into-t, then u (xp,yp,zp,-t) still meet
Wave equation.According to exploding reflector image-forming principle, the earthquake record of earth's surface be on reflecting surface each point synchronization excite it is up
The seismic wave field of the earth's surface that ripple is obtained, so we can be the receiving point on ground as secondary focus, temporally by earth's surface
Seismic wave field " retroversion " to original state, the wave field function of reflecting surface is found, to obtain reflecting surface.Come from the angle of energy
See, that is, interface reflection up, energy step by step on each recorded trace, converge in again on reflecting interface anti-to show
The locus in firing area face.
Therefore, the Kirchhoff migiation public affairs of underground each point seismic wave field are calculated according to zero-offset seismogram downward continuation
Formula can be expressed as
Wherein
Because migration imaging is the inverse process that seismic wave field is propagated, so in formula (1-13)TakeUnder far field situation, Kirchhoff Summation Method of Migration formula can be expressed as
Analysis above formula can be seen that Kirchhoff migration is also to carry out energy supposition along diffraction hyperbola in method,
But kirchhoff skew considers the wave characteristic of seismic wave.Above formula can be divided into two parts W and T：
Wherein W represents the amplitude weight value of seismic channel per pass, and what T was represented is the superposition along diffraction curve.
After the earthquake record data that said method process is calculated in typical forward probe model, Figure 4 and 5 institute can be obtained
The reflecting interface imaging results figure shown.Knowable to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, merely with the ground recorded on survey line 1 (X=40m, Z=30m)
Shake data just can effectively be imaged out bed boundary R1.Furthermore, X-Y dropping cut slices and Fig. 2 theory positions in contrast Fig. 5
Understand, the bed boundary locus of imaging results are accurate.
Elaborating for specific embodiment has been carried out in above-described embodiment by taking the tomography of forward probe tunnel front as an example.It is right
Can process according to reflection seismic method in the seismic survey to the side of tunnel 2.Tomography present in stratum and intrusive rock etc. and coal
It is of equal value that tomography, karst collapse col umn, goaf and intrusive rock etc. propagate seismic wave field the response characteristic for producing present in layer coal body
, therefore, the inventive method equally may be directly applied to effectively detect the ground such as tomography, karst collapse col umn, goaf and intrusive rock
Matter exception.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, all should contain
Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be with scope of the claims
It is accurate.
Claims (4)
1. the comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method in a kind of Coal mine excavation, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step one, hardware connection and system arrangement：Left and right lateral wall, driving face arrangement detection in the digging laneway of work surface
Device, each cymoscope connection acquisition station, each acquisition station unifies time service or ground GPS time service using down-hole；
Step 2, data acquisition：In tunnel or so, lateral wall arranges the hole of 1-2m of depth, cymoscope is placed in hole, to tunnel
Explosive charge when development end works is shaken as single source and collection point source data；
Step 3, geological data pretreatment：Geological data to gathering carries out Data Format Transform and conciliates volume, and is setting up observation
After system, data trace header is placed into, enters trade editor, to remove bad track；
Step 4, Data Management Analysis and migration imaging：First, spectrum analyses, time frequency analysis and polarization are carried out to geological data
Analysis, to obtain the characteristic parameter such as frequency, energy and polarization of seismic signal；Secondly, amplitude compensation, filter are carried out to geological data
Ripple, to improve data SNR；Then, separation and P ripples and the S ripples of different echos are carried out using τ-ρ conversion and F-K conversion
Wave field separation；Finally, velocity analysiss are carried out to the geological data after process, to determine rate pattern, then carry out migration before stack into
Picture, to obtain 3D migration imaging result figures；
Step 5, integrative seismic technology：With reference to existing geologic information, according to migration imaging figure, carry out seismic geology interpretation, explain
Go out the corresponding different bed boundary of different reflecting interfaces, finally, analysis is drawn in tunnel front and both sides investigative range
Architectonic space distribution situation.
2. the comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method in a kind of Coal mine excavation according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：In step one, acquisition station adopt distributed capture station, when down-hole constant-temperature crystal oscillator is walked by the way of.
3. the comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method in a kind of Coal mine excavation according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：In step one, acquisition station adopts centralized acquisition station, the retention time synchronization by the way of line locking.
4. the comprehensive channel wave seismic detection method in a kind of Coal mine excavation according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：In step 2, cymoscope road spacing is more than 5 meters, if focus is very few, lateral wall drilling explosive, explosive in tunnel or so
The seimic wave propagation that blast is excited is to work surface depths.
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| CN108121010A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-05 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Based on the united underground dead face slot wave forward probe method and system in hole lane |
| CN109597124A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of fine detection method of working face stress concentration region channel wave seismic |
| CN110045414A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of detection method of Deep Mining metallic ore |
| CN110850469A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 李志勇 | Imaging method for seismic channel wave depth migration based on kirchhoff product decomposition |
| CN110988982A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 山东唐口煤业有限公司 | Earthquake CT detection arrangement method for coal mine tunneling roadway |
| CN111399030A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-07-10 | 山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司 | Mine roadway slot wave distributed advanced detection system and method |
| CN111736234A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal thickness prediction method based on ground penetrating radar and earthquake transmission channel waves |
| CN113107599A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 山东科技大学 | Amplitude ratio imaging method for adjacent channels of transmission channel waves of hidden structure in coal face |
| CN113703046A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Underground full-space seismic wave hidden structure identification method and system |
| CN114997482A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-02 | 徐州大屯工程咨询有限公司 | Coal mine underground working face digital transparent geological technical method |
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| CN108121010A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-05 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Based on the united underground dead face slot wave forward probe method and system in hole lane |
| CN109597124A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of fine detection method of working face stress concentration region channel wave seismic |
| CN110045414A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of detection method of Deep Mining metallic ore |
| CN110850469A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 李志勇 | Imaging method for seismic channel wave depth migration based on kirchhoff product decomposition |
| CN110988982A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 山东唐口煤业有限公司 | Earthquake CT detection arrangement method for coal mine tunneling roadway |
| CN111399030A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-07-10 | 山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司 | Mine roadway slot wave distributed advanced detection system and method |
| CN111736234A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal thickness prediction method based on ground penetrating radar and earthquake transmission channel waves |
| CN111736234B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2021-06-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal thickness prediction method based on ground penetrating radar and earthquake transmission channel waves |
| CN113107599A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 山东科技大学 | Amplitude ratio imaging method for adjacent channels of transmission channel waves of hidden structure in coal face |
| CN113107599B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 山东科技大学 | Amplitude ratio imaging method for adjacent channels of transmission groove waves of hidden structure in coal face |
| CN113703046A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Underground full-space seismic wave hidden structure identification method and system |
| CN114997482A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-02 | 徐州大屯工程咨询有限公司 | Coal mine underground working face digital transparent geological technical method |
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